Trace elements in wild and orchard honeys

The present study aims the identification and quantification of trace elements in two types of honey samples: Orchard honey and Wild honey from mainland Portugal. Chemical elements content was assessed by Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA). Concentrations were determinated for Ag, As, Br, Ca, Cl, Cs, Cu, Fe, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, Rb, Sb, Sc, U, V and Zn. The nutritional values of both honey types were evaluated since this product contains some elements that are essential dietary nutrients for humans. Physical properties of the honey samples, such as electrical conductivy and pH, were assessed as well.     

白鹃梅嫩叶及花序中营养成分分析

目的对白鹃梅嫩叶及花序的主要营养成分进行分析,为白鹃梅嫩叶及花序的进一步开发利用提供参考。方法运用食品卫生检验国家标准中的相关方法测定白鹃梅嫩叶及花序中主要营养成分的含量。结果测得直接晒干的白鹃梅嫩叶及花序中氨基酸的总含量为22.48%,且含有已测的17种氨基酸,还原糖总量为10.10%,锌、铁、镁、钾、钙、铬、硒的含量分别为24.00mg/kg、160.35mg/kg、2841.14mg/kg、9111.32mg/kg、5799.56mg/kg、0.22mg/kg、0.08mg/kg。测得煮后晒干的白鹃梅嫩叶及花序中氨基酸的总含量为22.35%,且含有已测的17种氨基酸,还原糖总量为8.83%,锌、铁、镁、钾、钙、铬、硒的含量分别为19.50mg/kg、197.38mg/kg、2834.71mg/kg、7798.41mg/kg、5482.84mg/kg、1.06mg/kg、0.04mg/kg。结论从测得的白鹃梅嫩叶及花序中主要营养成分的含量可知,白鹃梅嫩叶及花序营养丰富、口感细腻,具有较高的食用价值。     

Dynamics and diversity of phosphate mineralizing bacteria in the coral reefs of Gulf of Mannar

Phosphatase Producing Bacteria (PPB) and Inorganic Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria (IPSB) are important to reef nutrition. These microbes and phosphate concentration play a significant role in the productivity of coral reef ecosystems. A study was conducted in Gulf of Mannar coral reef ecosystem to understand the diversity of these groups of bacteria and their competence in mineralizing the phosphate. The PPB isolates were identified under six genera i.e. Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Micrococcus, Vibrio, Arthrobacter and Brevibacterium. Likewise, the IPSB isolates were also identified that belong to six genera i.e. Bacillus, Arthrobacter, Pseudomonas, Flavobacterium, Flavomonas and Micrococcus. Among the PPB and IPSB strains, Bacillus represented more number of species than others. PPB exhibited maximum activity between pH 8 and 9 and the lowest was at pH 6. Among the phosphatase producers Bacillus cereus (546) showed maximum activity (0.333 mmol/l P) at pH 8. In general, the phosphatase activity in most of the Bacillus species varied with reference to different pH. The species Bacillus megaterium (573) showed highest phosphate solubilizing activity (0.906 mmol/l P) by producing 2-ketogluconic acid. The production of organic acids and phosphatase enzymes by these bacterial groups are responsible for the conversion of insoluble inorganic and organic phosphates into soluble forms which are available for the reef organisms.     

营养造血汤剂对再生障碍性贫血小鼠骨髓造血功能的影响

目的探讨营养造血汤剂对小鼠再生障碍性贫血造血功能的影响。方法 BALB/c小鼠90只,随机分为正常组、模型组及治疗组。苯、X射线、环磷酰胺联合应用的方法建立再生障碍性贫血小鼠模型,试验第8天开始,治疗组小鼠每天灌胃,给予19.76g(/kg·d)营养造血汤药液,直至第60天,观察试验小鼠的血象、骨髓象、造血干细胞集落形成;TUNEL及免疫组化法检测小鼠造血细胞凋亡以及相关调控蛋白Fas与Caspase-3的表达。结果治疗组的外周血象、骨髓有核细胞数、造血干细胞集落的形成明显高于模型组(P<0.05)。结论营养造血汤剂对再障小鼠疗效显著,能改善骨髓增殖。     

中学生肥胖与营养素摄入量关系的病例对照研究

[目的]了解中学生肥胖与营养素摄入相关因素的关系。[方法]从天津市中学生单纯性肥胖的流行病学抽样调查资料中,选择211例单纯性肥胖的学生,按同年龄、同性别和同学校1︰1比例和其他体重正常的学生相匹配,进行病例-对照研究。[结果]碳水化合物、蛋白质、脂肪三大产热营养素的摄入量高是肥胖的重要危险因素,热量的摄入与肥胖呈高度正相关。单纯性肥胖与每日食物摄入的关系,实质是单纯性肥胖与每日热量摄入的关系。[结论]适当改变饮食习惯,调节饮食结构,减少每日高热量食物的摄入量是降低单纯性肥胖发生的有效措施。     

膳食营养素与高尿酸血症关系的研究进展

目的 综述各类膳食营养素与高尿酸血症（HUA）关系的研究进展。方法 以“膳食”、“营养素”和“高尿酸血症”作为CNKI数据库和万方数据库的检索词,以“diet”、“nutrients”和“hyperuricemia”作为PubMed数据库的检索词,参考文献33篇。结果 高嘌呤食物、维生素、蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物、矿物质、酒精等膳食营养素的摄入与HUA密切相关。结论 应根据各危险因素合理调整各营养素的摄入,以提高HUA患者的生存质量,加强健康膳食模式的推广和普及。     

Nutrition and cancer: essential elements for a roadmap

Personalizing nutrition for cancer prevention and therapy will require a comprehensive understanding of "genotypes/phenotypes" in order to identify, evaluate, and prioritize appropriate points for dietary intervention. This nutritional preemption roadmap must begin with accurately assessing intakes/exposures of which bioactive food component(s) is needed to bring about a desired response in critical cellular processes (carcinogen metabolism, DNA repair, cell proliferation, apoptosis, inflammation, immunity, differentiation, angiogenesis, hormonal regulation and cellular energetic) within an individual. Understanding this "individuality" through a better understanding of the "omics" is fundamental to arriving at the correct destination and thus interpreting biological variables which establish the magnitude or direction of a response to bioactive food components.     

Caco-2细胞模型及其在食品营养物质吸收研究中的新进展

概述了Caco-2细胞系的特点、模型的建立与验证,及其在营养物质吸收及机制研究中的新进展,并评价了其用于营养物质吸收转运中的优点与局限性。     

运脾消积法治疗厌食症幼龄大鼠的代谢组学

目的 基于脾主运化理论探讨运脾消积法治疗厌食症幼龄大鼠的代谢组学.方法 基于病因模拟法建造小儿厌食症模型,通过记录摄食量和体质量的变化评价模型.60只大鼠随机分为正常组,模型组,阳性对照组(0.45 g/kg消食片),小儿开胃增食合剂高、低剂量组(11.4、5.7g/kg).灌胃给药42 d后收集24 h尿液,LC-M...     

上海市区居民的膳食营养状况及其对策

于１９９６年对上海市区居民进行了膳食调查。结果表明：能量的摄入比较充足，每标准人日摄入能量１０１４４ｋＪ，达供给量标准的１０１．３％；蛋白质摄入量为８４．７ｇ，为供给量标准的１１０．１％；矿物质中，钙的摄入量仅为５９８．９ｍｇ，为供给量标准的７２．０％。维生素中，老年组视黄醇当量摄入量不足，儿童和青少年组核黄素摄入量不足。膳食构成，蛋白质提供的能量占总能量的１３．９％，优质蛋白超过５０％；脂肪提供的能量占总能量的３２．８％，超过建议值的高限。上海市区居民的膳食营养状况已发生明显变化：粮食消费呈下降趋势，动物性食物增长迅速；碳水化合物摄入量减少，脂肪和胆固醇的摄入量增加；某些营养素摄入不足和过剩同时存在。迫切需要加强对居民的营养指导，调整膳食结构