青年颅内动静脉畸形患者术前焦虑状况及其护理

目的探讨青年颅内动静脉畸形患者术前焦虑状况,并总结其护理干预措施。方法回顾性分析2015年1月至2016年4月新疆医科大学第一附属医院神经外科收治的颅内动静脉畸形青年患者84例的临床资料。所有患者均在全身麻醉下实施动静脉畸形切除术,术前均详细记录其术前焦虑水平,并在常规护理的基础上实施心理护理及健康宣教。结果84例患者在术前均发生不同程度的焦虑(轻、中、重度焦虑分别为39例、32例、13例)。经心理护理后,患者均有不同程度的好转,均能顺利完成手术,手术时间为185~250min,平均(156±21.4)min。所有患者均未发生并发症,住院时间8~12d,平均(7.5±11.5)d。患者术后随访3~12个月,随访期间有1例患者复发;1例患者发生再出血。结论早期对患者进行良好的心理指导和健康宣教,可明显降低青年颅内动静脉畸形患者术前焦虑,有利于患者疾病康复。     

Supervision: Critical Reflection for Transformational Learning,Part 1

Rooted in medicine and psychology, genetic counseling is a unique practice with a defined set of skills. Training is guided by practice-based competencies that define the requisite skills of an entry-level practitioner. Practicing genetic counselors with expertise in a variety of medical settings provide direct supervision that guides student development. In this article, we provide background on the history of genetic counseling, the model of practice, accreditation and certification standards, and an overview of clinical supervision as well as a review of supervision literature specific to the field.     

Maternal Attitudes and Behaviors Regarding Feeding Practices in Elementary School−Aged Latino Children: A Pilot Qualitative Study on the Impact of the Cultural Role of Mothers in the US−Mexican Border Region of San Diego,California

This study aimed to explore the attitudes and behaviors of Latino mothers around feeding their children. Using qualitative methods, we conducted four focus groups in Spanish with 41 Latino mothers of elementary school-age children in San Diego County, CA. Latino mothers' mean age was 41 years; 90% were foreign-born; and 74% had a high school education or less. We explored cultural viewpoints around feeding and cooking and feeding strategies used. Focus groups were analyzed based on a priori and emergent themes. The following themes around feeding emerged: feeding attitudes central to the maternal responsibility of having well-fed children and feeding behaviors that centered on cooking methods, supportive behaviors, and reinforcement strategies for “eating well.” These findings increase our understanding of the Latino maternal role to feed children and can help to inform more culturally appropriate research to effectively address nutritional issues and obesity prevention in Latino children.     

Assessment of frailty in community-dwelling older adults residents in the Lazio region (Italy): A model to plan regional community-based services

Purpose of the studyThe prevalence of frailty is expected to increase worldwide in parallel with demographic ageing. Despite this, little is known about the prevalence in different populations particularly community-based samples. This cross-sectional study evaluates the prevalence of frailty in a community-dwelling older adult population and describes a methodology to plan community-based interventions.MethodologyA random sample of 1331 older adults, resident in the Lazio-Region of Italy, were screened by trained public health nurses (PHNs) by administering a validated questionnaire (the Functional Geriatric Evaluation questionnaire). Prevalence of frailty was calculated using the Final Synthetic Score derived from the questionnaire’s Final Score. Variables associated with frailty were selected through univariate and multivariate statistical analysis.ResultsPrevalence of frail (FS ≥ 10,≤50) and very frail (FS < 10) individuals was 13.9% and 7.6% respectively. Variables associated with frailty were age (older than 85 years), disability, living alone or the presence of a paid carer, lower education and neurological disorders like stroke, dementia, Parkinson disease and other neuropsychiatric diseases; Anaemia or cancer were also associated with a higher prevalence of frailty.DiscussionThe study provide a comprehensive picture of the prevalence of frailty and factors associated to this condition in community-dwelling older adults. On the basis of the study results, a plan of community-based services could address the needs of care of the elderly population. A trained team of PHNs may be the most appropriate personnel to carry out multidimensional frailty assessment in this setting.     

Comparing Occupation-Based and Repetitive Task Practice Interventions for Optimal Stroke Recovery: A Pilot Randomized Trial

Aims: This pilot randomized comparative study investigated changes in motor performance and indices of neuroplasticity associated with occupation-based intervention and repetitive task practice in the recovery of occupational performance following stroke. Method: Sixteen participants received either occupation-based intervention or repetitive task practice for eight 55-minute sessions. Motor performance was measured by the Fugl Meyer Assessment (FMA), Stroke Impact Scale (SIS), the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) and the Goal Attainment Scale (GAS). Indices of neuroplastic change were assessed by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Results: Both occupation-based intervention and repetitive task practice groups demonstrated significant changes on the FMA and the occupation-based group demonstrated significant changes on the GAS goals. Neurophysiological measures showed enlargement in TMS volume maps in the affected hemisphere for both groups. Conclusion: Occupation-based and repetitive task practice interventions can yield similar improvements in chronic stroke.     

Shifting the Paradigm for Opioid Use Disorder: Changing the Language

Morbidity and mortality associated with opioid use have been on the rise, exemplifying a major public health epidemic. Despite public health interventions, opioid-related morbidity and mortality have yet to plateau or decrease. One explanation for this phenomenon is the presence of barriers to evidence-based pharmacotherapies. Stigma has only recently been identified as a barrier to treatment. The purpose of this report is to evaluate the language used to describe opioid use disorder and associated pharmacologic treatment. Nurse practitioners must emerge as leaders in ensuring that patient-centered and nonstigmatizing language is used to improve patient outcomes.