增强型体外反搏改善经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术后心肌无再流现象

目的探讨增强型体外反搏(EECP)能否改善急性心肌梗死(AMI)靶血管重建后心肌无再流现象。方法靶血管重建后心肌无再流的 AMI 病人162例随机分为常规药物治疗组(n=81)。体外反搏治疗36 h 后,心肌声学造影(MCE)评估危险区心肌灌注。同时测量两组病人治疗前后血浆内皮素(ET)、一氧化氮(NO)和丙二醛(MDA)水平。结果反搏治疗组病人危险区心肌灌注明显改善,标化 A×β值(毛细血管灌注=毛细血管容积×充盈速率)从0.11±0.07升高到0.92±0.08(P<0.05);药物治疗组病人危险区心肌灌注无显著变化,标化 A×β值为0.10±0.09 vs 0.12±0.05(P>0.05)。反搏治疗组病人血浆 ET 水平从(113.6±44.1)ng/L 下降到(79.3±31.7)ng/L(P<0.05),MDA 水平从(5.8±0.6)ng/L 下降到(3.9±0.7)ng/L(P<0.05),NO 水平从(38.7±6.0)μmol/L 上升到(99.5±15.7)μmol/L(P<0.05);药物治疗组病人血浆 ET 水平从(119.3±43.1)ng/L 上升到(146.0±38.6)ng/...     

大学生成人儿童化问卷的初步编制

目的 探索成人儿童化的内在结构,为进一步认识当代大学生的成人儿童化现象提供量化依据.方法 采用开放式访谈,专家评价、参阅相关理论文献的基础上构建问卷.结果 项目分析后组成的10题问卷的Cronbach＇s α信度系数和Guttman Split-Half信度系数在0.717～0.816之间,验证性因素分析结果,卡方自由度比,RMSEA,GFI,AGFI,NFI,IFI拟合指标分别为1.636,0.062,0.946,0.907,0.922,0.919.结论 成人儿童化的内在结构包括卡通化行为、规避成长和青涩化评价3个维度,该问卷具有良好的信效度.     

骨皮质切开术辅助正畸治疗的研究进展

近年来,寻求正畸治疗的成年患者数量日益增多,如何加速正畸牙齿移动、缩短正畸疗程,并同时降低与正畸治疗时间较长相关的牙体、牙周疾病风险成为医生和患者共同关注的焦点。目前已报道的加速牙齿移动的方法中,经基础和临床研究证实,骨皮质切开术可有效加速正畸牙移动、缩短疗程并减少与正畸时间相关的牙体、牙周疾病,且其术式也随着临床操作、手术设备、计算机技术的更新和进步而变得更加微创、简便、精确、有效。文章就骨皮质切开术辅助正畸治疗的历史起源与发展、加速正畸牙齿移动的原理、术式变化、适应证与禁忌证、临床应用等方面做一综述。     

Raynaud’s phenomenon in undifferentiated connective tissue disease (UCTD)

The aim of this study was to ascertain which clinical and immunological factors are associated with Raynauds phenomenon (RP) in patients with undifferentiated connective tissue disease (UCTD) and to investigate microvascular involvement. A total of 78 patients were evaluated. They all showed symptoms suggestive of a connective tissue disorder (CTD), but did not fulfil the criteria for any of the defined CTDs. They all had a disease duration of at least 1 year. Nailfold capillaroscopy (NC) was performed using a computerised videomicroscope. We diagnosed RP in 52.5% of our patients. Patients with RP showed a higher occurrence of oesophageal dysmotility (p=0.001) and anti-ribonucleoprotein (RNP) antibodies (p=0.004) than those without RP. The distinguishing capillaroscopic characteristics of UCTD patients with RP were widened and irregularly enlarged loops (75 and 55%, respectively), giant capillaries (35%), and less than two haemorrhages per finger (40%). The combination of features indicative of a slow scleroderma pattern was present in 18 of 40 patients with UCTD and RP (p=0.0003). Only 3 of the original 78 patients (3.8%) developed a definite CTD. In none of our patients did we observe avascular areas or changes from the original capillaroscopic pattern during follow-up examination. Our study indicates that patients with UCTD would seem to have a benign form of RP, since they show the absence of cutaneous complications, the existence of a mild microvascular damage and a stable nailfold capillary pattern. Further examinations of these patients will be required in order to confirm our findings.     

骨皮质切开辅助正畸研究进展

近年研究发现骨皮质切开术可以有效加速正畸治疗,该技术以局部加速修复现象为理论基础发展而来,术式在其发展的百年间几经改良。在骨皮质切开的基础上发展出牙周快速成骨正畸,使用这种技术可使正畸治疗时间减少到传统正畸治疗时间的1/3到1/4,增强牙周组织支持,增加骨覆盖,减少牙根吸收,降低复发率。该文综合概述了骨皮质切开发展史,骨皮质切开后牙齿移动的机理与传统正畸的不同之处,以及相关临床、实验研究。     

绝经后女性冠状动脉慢血流现象的相关因素分析

目的探讨可能与绝经后女性冠状动脉慢血流（slow coronary flow,SCF）现象相关的危险因素。方法回顾性分析2005年8月至2010年12月在新疆医科大学第一附属医院心脏中心行冠状动脉造影,显示心外膜主要冠状动脉无明显病变的患者186例,其中绝经后女性52例的临床资料。把冠状动脉血流仅为心肌梗死溶栓试验（thrombolysis in myocalrdial infarction,TIMI）血流2级或以下的患者定义为SCF。将绝经后女性患者分为绝经后女性SCF组（n=24）和绝经后女性对照组（n=28）。结果绝经后女性SCF组与绝经后女性对照组年龄、原发性高血压和糖尿病所占比例、血小板计数和血清空腹血糖、甘油三酯、总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、血尿酸浓度比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;而绝经后女性SCF组的自细胞计数[（6．279±1．828）×10^9/Lvs.（5．241±1．527）×10^9g／L,P〈0．05]、中性粒细胞计数[（6．688±1．705）×10^9／Lvs.（3．763±1．573）×10^9／L,P〈0．05]、左心室质量指数（left ventricular mass index,LVMI）[（110．530±30．936）g／m^2 vs.（93．815±20．141）g／m^2,P〈0．05]均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义。Logistic分析表明,绝经女性SCF与LVMI（OR=1．028,95％CI：1．002-1．055,P=0．037）、白细胞计数（OR=1．501,95％CI：0．011-2．229,P=0．044）相关。结论白细胞计数、中性粒细胞计数、LVMI增高可能参与了绝经女性SCF的发生、发展。LVMI、白细胞计数增高可能是绝经女性SCF患者的危险因素。     

Scleroderma mimics – Clinical features and management

Systemic sclerosis is a severe immune-mediated rheumatic disease by virtue of its clinical impact and mortality. There are a number of other sclerosing skin diseases that should be considered in the differential diagnosis and these are important because they may require specialist investigation and management. In addition, long-term follow up of the different conditions should reflect the risk of associated complications and anticipated duration of therapy. This article reviews the clinical features of potential mimics of scleroderma (systemic sclerosis) including localised forms of scleroderma (morphoea) and other conditions that lead to skin thickening and connective tissue fibrosis or scarring.     

Cardiac uses of phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors

Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors (PDE5Is) improve erectile function by enhancing nitric oxide availability in the penis and its supplying vasculature, resulting in vasodilation and increased blood flow. PDE5Is might benefit cardiovascular diseases because phosphodiesterase-5 is also located elsewhere in the body, including the pulmonary and systemic vasculature and in hypertrophied myocardium. PDE5Is are approved for pulmonary arterial hypertension, given that they improved several hemodynamic and clinical parameters in large randomized trials. Initial evidence suggests that PDE5Is benefit patients with congestive heart failure and secondary pulmonary hypertension. PDE5Is seem to improve hemodynamic and clinical parameters in patients with high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) and high-altitude pulmonary hypertension. In climbers with prior episodes of HAPE, PDE5Is prevented HAPE in 2 small randomized trials. In small randomized trials of PDE5Is, patients with Raynaud's phenomenon demonstrated improved blood flow, fewer symptoms and frequency of attacks, and resolution of digital ulcers. In addition to enhancing vasodilation, PDE5Is seem to protect the myocardium through complex pathways that involve nitric oxide, cyclic guanosine monophosphate, protein kinase G, extracellular-signal-regulated kinase, B-cell lymphoma protein-2, and Rho kinase inhibition. In animal models of acute myocardial infarction, PDE5Is consistently reduced infarct size indicating cardioprotection and PDE5Is also promote reverse remodeling and reduce myocardial apoptosis, fibrosis, and hypertrophy. PDE5Is might also benefit patients with treatment-resistant hypertension, preeclampsia, or peripheral arterial disease. This review presents the pathophysiology and trial data with regard to the use of PDE5Is for cardiac diseases.     

A systematic overview on the use and relevance of capillaroscopy in systemic sclerosis

Capillaroscopy is a non-invasive and safe technique that allows the detection and quantification of the early microvascular abnormalities that characterize secondary Raynaud’s phenomenon. The well-established role of capillaroscopy for the early diagnosis of systemic sclerosis, its inclusion in the classification criteria, combined with its predictive value for clinical complications of the disease and its potential for monitoring disease progression and treatment response, makes nailfold capillaroscopy an important assessment in clinical practice and research. Capillaroscopy provides a unique window into the microcirculation and its application in diseases in which a microvascular component is suspected; it also may provide new insights into their pathophysiology and natural history.     

Peripheral nerve entrapment syndromes of the upper limb

Peripheral nerve entrapment syndrome is a condition caused by the persistent application of pressure to a nerve. Symptoms include pain, numbness and tingling, and muscle weakness. The distribution of symptoms depends upon the nerve affected. This article discusses the aetiology, epidemiology and pathogenesis of peripheral nerve entrapment in the upper limb, and the principles of diagnosis and management. Common examples of nerve entrapment are described in greater depth.