外源性一氧化氮抗日本血吸虫的实验研究

目的观察外源性一氧化氮(NO)抗日本血吸虫的效果。方法以蜂蜡为NO的吸收剂,在不同条件下用逆转乳化法制备NO乳状液,测定其中NO的含量,选择乳状液中NO含量最大的用于抗日本血吸虫试验。在小鼠感染日本血吸虫尾蚴后22天起灌服,剂量为0.5ml/d,连续灌服5d,心脏灌注法收集虫体计数,研究外源性NO抗日本血吸虫的效果。结果外源性NO中NO的最大含量为536.2μmol/L;对小鼠日本血吸虫有一定的杀虫效果,减虫率达45.0%,减卵率达42.7%。结论外源性NO对日本血吸虫有一定的抗虫作用。     

In vivo MRI of cancer cell fate at the single-cell level in a mouse model of breast cancer metastasis to the brain.

Metastasis (the spread of cancer from a primary tumor to secondary organs) is responsible for most cancer deaths. The ability to follow the fate of a population of tumor cells over time in an experimental animal would provide a powerful new way to monitor the metastatic process. Here we describe a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique that permits the tracking of breast cancer cells in a mouse model of brain metastasis at the single-cell level. Cancer cells that were injected into the left ventricle of the mouse heart and then delivered to the brain were detectable on MR images. This allowed the visualization of the initial delivery and distribution of cells, as well as the growth of tumors from a subset of these cells within the whole intact brain volume. The ability to follow the metastatic process from the single-cell stage through metastatic growth, and to quantify and monitor the presence of solitary undivided cells will facilitate progress in understanding the mechanisms of brain metastasis and tumor dormancy, and the development of therapeutics to treat this disease.     

Exhaled nitric oxide in healthy children: Variability and a lack of correlation with atopy

Nitric oxide (NO) is a free radical produced by several lung cells via the enzyme nitric oxide synthetase (NOS) and can be easily measured in exhaled air by chemiluminescence analysis. As the iso-enzyme iNOS may be induced by cytokines and endotoxin, NO is elevated in several chronic inflammatory airway diseases. Prior to using exhaled nitric oxide (eNO) as a non-invasive marker of airway inflammation in daily routine, the role of possibly influencing factors such as age, time of the day, smoking exposure and intra-individual variability have to be clarified. NO concentrations were measured in 107 healthy children aged 4–18 years at an expiratory flow of 184 ml/s. Spirometry and a skin-prick test were performed and a questionnaire on family history of atopy, personal symptoms of atopic disease and smoke exposure was completed. For intra-individual variability nitric oxide was measured in six children three times daily on 6 consecutive days. Median eNO concentration was 5.7 p.p.b., and increased significantly with age but did not vary with gender. No correlation was found between eNO and smoke exposure, positive skin-prick test, FEV ₁, MEF₂₅ and time of the day. There was no circadian rhythm found in the six children measured on 6 consecutive days, but the eNO showed an intra-individual coefficient of variation of 25.9%. With the help of a two-compartment model of the lung the alveolar NO concentration was estimated to be 4.1 p.p.b and was shown to be constant with age, whereas the airway part of NO steadily increased with age. When comparing eNO values with standardized measurement techniques, the age of the children and the large intra-subject coefficient of variation have to be taken into account, whereas in healthy children subject-specific factors such as atopic history, gender and skin test reactivity did not affect eNO measurement.     

地塞米松对内毒素休克新生大鼠脑一氧化氮合成酶基因表达的调节

目的：探讨新生大鼠内毒素休克脑损伤时脑一氧化氮合成酶(NO6)三种亚型基因表达的变化及地塞米松(DEX)对其的调控作用。方法：在新生大鼠内毒素休克动物模型基础上，采用逆转录PCR及PCR技术，对脑组织中三型NOS mRNA及caspase—3 mRNA的表达进行半定量分析。结果：正常新生大鼠脑iNOS及eNOS mRNA无明显表达，nNOS mRNA、caspase—3 mRNA有一定程度表达。内毒素脂多糖(LPS)腹腔注射后2h，三种亚型NOS mRNA开始表达，于LPS6h达高峰，并持续至24h。caspase—3 mRNA于LPS腹腔注射后2h后表达逐渐增加，24h达高峰。DEX可抑制nNOS、iNOS及caspase—3 mRNA的表达，且以用药后2h最为明显，并持续至用药后24h。结论：内毒素休克脑损伤时，各型NOS均有表达，NO的产生是内毒素休克脑损伤时重要的病理生理机制之一。DEX通过抑制NOS、caspase—3 mRNA的表达部分实现其神经保护作用．     

原位杂交法检测卵巢上皮癌中诱导型一氧化氮合酶mRNA

目的 :研究卵巢上皮性癌诱导型一氧化氮合酶 (iNOS)的转录水平。方法 :原位杂交法检测 71例卵巢上皮性癌 ,13例卵巢良性肿瘤及 11例正常卵巢组织中iNOSmRNA表达水平。结果 :卵巢上皮性癌中iNOSmRNA高于正常卵巢组织和卵巢良性肿瘤 ,P<0 .0 5。但卵巢上皮性癌Ⅲ ,Ⅳ期与Ⅰ ,Ⅱ期比较无显著差异 ,P>0 .0 5。分化程度比较 ,中、低分化组明显高于高分化组 ,但中、低分化组织间差异无显著性。结论 :诱导型一氧化氮合酶转录水平的升高 ,是引起诱导型一氧化氮合酶水平升高的主要原因 ,在卵巢上皮性癌发生、发展中发挥一定作用     

Effects of Nephritis No.3 Recipe on Nitric Oxide,Nitric Oxide Synthase Secreted by Cultured Mesangial Cells in Rats and the Gene Expression of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase

Objective:To explore the effect of the Nephritis No.3(N-3)recipe on nitric oxide(NO),nitric oxide synthase(NOS)secreted by cultured mesangial cells(MC)and its gene expression of the in-ducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS).Methods:The drug(nephritis No.3)-containing serum was preparedwith serum pharmacological technique,and then was applied to react on mesangial cells cultured In fetalcalf serum(FCS)and cells cultured in FCS plus lipopolysaccharide.To observe the secretion of NO andNOS and the gene expression of iNOS by means of RT-PCR.Results:Under the two kinds of culture con-ditions,the content of NO and NOS in the groups with drug-containing serum were higher than thosewithout drug-containing serum(P<0.05,P<0.01),and the expression of iNOS mRNA was up-regula-ted too.Conclusion:The N-3 could significantly promote the secretion of NO and NOS and the mRNA ex-pression of iNOS in rats.     

急性胰腺炎大鼠血浆内皮素和一氧化氮水平变化及卡托普利的早期干预作用

目的 观察急性胰腺炎大鼠血浆内皮素、一氧化氮水平变化及血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂卡托普利对其的早期干预作用。方法 63只SD大鼠分对照组、急性胰腺炎组、卡托普利干预组3组进行不同处理。对照组仅作胃窦切开再缝合术；急性胰腺炎组用十二指肠闭襻法制作急性胰腺炎模型；卡托普利干预组在胰腺炎模型制备后立即腹腔注射卡托普利针(5mg／kg)，在病程不同时点测定血浆内皮素、一氧化氮水平，并观察胰腺组织病理学改变。结果 急性胰腺炎组随病变的进展，胰腺炎病理由水肿向出血坏死发展，而内皮素和一氧化氮从两者平行升高逐渐转向内皮素单一升高，致内皮素／一氧化氮比值上升；卡托普利干预组则胰腺炎病理改变减轻，胰腺组织病理学评分降低，且血浆内皮素水平低于急性胰腺炎组，而一氧化氮总体水平与急性胰腺炎组比较差别无显著性意义，内皮素／一氧化氮比值基本与对照组一致。结论 早期应用卡托普利可维持内皮素与一氧化氮平衡，对大鼠急性胰腺炎病变可能有保护作用。