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11.
A once daily injection to rats of triiodothyronine (T3; 100 μg/kg s.c.) for 10 days enhanced the locomotor responses of rats pretreated with tranylcypromine (5 mg/kg) to an injection into the nucleus accumbens of dopamine (5 μg bilaterally), when tested 24 hr after the last T3 administration. This treatment did not, however, alter the control responses of tranylcypromine-pretrealed rats to injection of saline (1 μl bilaterally). Injection of T3 for 10 days enhanced the circling responses of unilateral nigrostriatal-lesioned rats to apomorphine (0.5 mg/kg) but not to methamphetamine (0.5 mg/kg). The probable explanation for the latter result was the finding that repeated T3 administration lowered basal striatal dopamine concentrations. The treatment also produced a trend towards reduced dopamine concentrations in the n. accumbens, although the difference did not reach statistical significance. These data suggest that repeated T3 injection causes an increased post-synaptic function of both the nigrostriatal and mesolimbic dopamine systems in rat brain. 相似文献
12.
《European annals of otorhinolaryngology, head and neck diseases》2018,135(1):51-58
Subjective tinnitus is a symptom in many ENT pathologies, for which there is no curative treatment. It may be poorly tolerated by some patients, who develop attention or sleep disorder or even major anxiety and depression, severely impairing quality of life. Pathophysiological models of the genesis and maintenance of tinnitus symptomatology highlight maladaptive cerebral plasticity induced by peripheral hearing loss. Although not fully elucidated, these changes in neuronal activity are the target of various attempts at neuromodulation, particularly using repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), which has been the focus of various clinical studies and meta-analyses. A recent consensus statement (Lefaucheur, 2014) reported level-C evidence (possible efficacy) for rTMS using low frequency (1 Hz) tonic stimulation targeting the left cerebral cortex. However, many questions remain concerning the use of this technique in everyday practice. The present article reports a recent literature review using the search-terms “tinnitus” and “rTMS” in the PubMed and Cochrane databases for April 2014 to December 2016. 相似文献
13.
BACKGROUND: Complex learning tasks result in a greater number of paradoxical sleep phases, which can improve memory. The effect of paradoxical sleep deprivation, induced by "flower pot" technique, on spatial reference memory and working memory require further research. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of progressive paradoxical sleep deprivation in rats, subsequent to learning, on memory using the Morris Water Maze. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: Controlled observation experiment. The experiment was performed at the Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University from December 2006 to October 2007. MATERIALS: Twenty-eight, male, Wistar rats, 3-4 months old, were provided by the Experimental Animal Center of Lanzhou University. The Morris Water Maze and behavioral analyses system was purchased from Genheart Company, Beijing, China. METHODS: All animals, according to a random digits table, were randomly divided into paradoxical sleep deprivation, tank control, and home cage control groups. Paradoxical sleep deprivation was induced by the "flower pot" technique for 72 hours, housing the rats on small platforms over water. Rats in the "tank control" and "home cage control" groups were housed either in a tank with large platforms over the water or in normal cages without paradoxical sleep deprivation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Morris Water Maze was employed for task learning and spatial memory testing. Rats in all groups were placed at six random starting points each day for four consecutive days. Each placement was repeated for two trials; the first trial represented reference memory and the second working memory. Rats in the first trial were allowed to locate the submerged platform within 120 seconds. Data, including swimming distance, escape latency, swimming velocity, percentage of time in correct quarter, and memory scores were recorded and analyzed automatically by behavioral analyses systems for Morris Water Ma 相似文献
14.
Summary: Controversy exists concerning whether epileptic seizures can produce enduring alterations in neuronal function that cause interictal behavioral disturbances. Although arguments favoring the occurrence of epilepsy-induced disorders of behavior must not be presented in a way that adds to the stigmata associated with epilepsy, it is not in the best interest of epileptic patients to deny this possible relationship and overlook an opportunity to prevent or treat a major cause of disability. There is evidence to suggest that psychosocial factors cannot account for all the behavioral problems suffered by patients with epilepsy. Behavioral disturbances ascribed to antiepileptic drugs and specific structural lesions may also be due, in part, to epileptogenic mechanisms. Some interictal behavioral disturbances may actually reflect unrecognized ictal events. Most importantly, data obtained from clinical research and animal investigations suggest testable hypotheses of how recurrent epileptic seizures can alter neuronal function in ways that would predispose to specific disruptive interictal behaviors, such as aggression, depression and schizophrenia. 相似文献
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16.
《Social neuroscience》2013,8(2):108-111
Social status is a key regulator of health and reproduction in mammals, including humans. Despite this, relatively little is known about how social status influences the mammalian brain. Furthermore, the extent to which status is an independent construct, i.e., not simply acting as a psychosocial stressor, is yet to be determined. Research to date reveals several promising mechanisms and/or systems associated with social status, including monoamine systems, hypothalamic neuroendocrine axes, and the hippocampus, though whether these differences are the cause or effect of status is often unclear. We review these candidates and propose how best to approach this research question in the future. 相似文献
17.
Yan J Zhang Y Roder J McDonald RJ 《Experimental brain research. Experimentelle Hirnforschung. Expérimentation cérébrale》2003,150(2):184-193
One reason the electrophysiological correlates of hippocampal neurons are of interest is the possibility that they reflect
their representational properties, presumably spatial/relational ones. Stable spatial representations, based on activity of
ensembles of hippocampal place cells, initially develop through a series of short-episodic spatial tunings. Hence these short-episodic
spatial tunings are important for understanding the establishment of stable place fields. Studies of age-related changes in
place cell activities traditionally focus on place fields. In the present study, we characterized the short-episodic spatial
tunings (1-min bins) of hippocampal CA1 place cells of freely moving mice in a familiar cylinder arena, and compared these
functions in young and old mice. Spatial tuning was expressed by spatial selectivity, which we found fluctuated across a 16-min
recording session in both young and old mice. High spatial selectivity, which is mainly due to the low firing of a place cell
out of the place field in young mice, was significantly higher in old mice. The high firing rate out of the place field was
the main factor contributing to significantly lower spatial selectivity in old mice. In addition, young mice showed a broad
peak in the spatial selectivity between 4 and 10 min. In contrast old mice showed no peak in the spatial selectivity during
this time period. The stability of place fields after a 24-h interval was also lower in old mice than in young mice. The low
spatial tuning and unstable place fields suggest that a hippocampal-based spatial representation was impaired in the old mice.
Furthermore, we speculate that the age-related impairment in hippocampal inhibition system may be involved in the impaired
spatial representation of hippocampal CA1 place cells in old mice.
Electronic Publication 相似文献
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19.
Evidence of an association between a vulnerability to suicidal behaviour and neurobiological abnormalities is accumulating. Post-mortem studies have demonstrated structural and biochemical changes in the brains of suicide victims. More recently, imaging techniques have become available to study changes in the brain in vivo. This systematic review of comparative imaging studies of suicidal brains shows that changes in the structure and functions of the brain in association with suicidal behaviour are mainly found in the orbitofrontal and dorsolateral parts of the prefrontal cortex. Correlational studies suggest that these changes relate to neuropsychological disturbances in decision-making, problem solving and fluency, respectively. As a consequence, the findings from these studies suggest that suicidal behaviour is associated with (1) a particular sensitivity to social disapproval (2) choosing options with high immediate reward and (3) a reduced ability to generate positive future events. Further study is needed to elaborate these findings and to investigate to what extent changes in the structure and function of suicidal brains are amenable to psychological and/or biological interventions. 相似文献
20.
There is scarce information about the pathophysiological processes underlying Late-Life Depression (LLD). We aimed to determine the neurobiological abnormalities related to LLD through a multi-modal biomarker approach combining a large, unbiased peripheral proteomic panel and structural brain imaging. We examined data from 44 LLD and 31 control participants. Plasma proteomic analysis was performed using a multiplex immunoassay. We evaluated the differential protein expression between groups with random intercept models. We carried out enrichment pathway analyses (EPA) to uncover biological pathways and processes related to LLD. Machine learning analysis was applied to the combined dataset to determine the accuracy with which specific proteins could correctly discriminate LLD versus control participants. Sixty-one proteins were differentially expressed in LLD (p < 0.05 and FDR < 0.01). EPA showed that these proteins were related to abnormal immune-inflammatory control, cell survival and proliferation, proteostasis control, lipid metabolism, intracellular signaling. Machine learning analysis showed that a panel of three proteins (C-peptide, FABP-liver, ApoA-IV) discriminated LLD and control participants with 100% accuracy. The plasma proteomic profile in LLD revealed dysregulation in biological processes essential to the maintenance of homeostasis at cellular and systemic levels. These abnormalities increase brain and systemic allostatic load leading to the downstream negative outcomes of LLD, including increased risk of medical comorbidities and dementia. The peripheral biosignature of LLD has predictive power and may suggest novel putative therapeutic targets for prevention, treatment, and neuroprotection in LLD. 相似文献