慢性创伤伤口智能问诊系统的研制

目的:研发一种在收集微信端即可对慢性创伤伤口进行智能问诊的系统软件,以规范化慢性创伤伤口采集的规范化及合理化。方法:采用目前普及度最为广泛的微信端口收集数据,搭建云平台存储数据,将慢性创伤伤口按照规范化方式收集数据。结果:问诊系统规范了慢性创伤伤口治疗,使案例收集更为模式化,加强了医生和护士对创伤伤口处理的方式方法的选择准确性。结论:慢性创伤伤口智能问诊系统可对伤口进行规范化评估,根据数据分析明确治疗方案的选择;详细化的对患者建立电子病例档案,便于后期资料查询、病历统计、后期随访和管理;利于临床医疗、教学和科学研究。     

健康管理背景下慢性病社会问题

我国社会进程的急速变迁使得居民的疾病模式以及健康行为均发生了较大的转变,各种疾病的危险因素不断增加导致慢性病发病率不断上升,同时也使得慢性病危险度有所增加,目前我国慢性病发病出现了逐渐年轻化趋势,疾病对患者的危害也在不断加剧,不仅影响患者的生理、心理健康,还会导致其生活质量下降,同时还可能加重患者的家庭负担和社会负担,因此开展慢性病相关研究具有十分重要的现实意义和理论意义。该文以健康管理为背景,对慢性病健康管理构建中的社会问题和文化意义进行了梳理,以明确健康管理在社会经济发展以及人生进程中的作用和意义,以加强民众对慢性病防治的了解,提升慢性病管理质量,改善慢性病患者的病情和生活质量,同时也为慢性病防治提供新种学术依据。     

新型医疗体制改革后我国卫生人力资源现状分析

目的对新型医疗体制改革十年以来,我国卫生人力资源数量、学历、职称及分布等现状进行分析并提出建议。方法以2010、2019年国家卫生统计年鉴数据为依据,对相关数据进行描述统计和比较分析。结果我国卫生人力资源数量不断增长,学历水平持续提升,职称结构得到一定改善,其中,注册护士增长速度最快,年均增长率为9.21%,到2018年,卫生技术人员、执业(助理)医师、注册护士本科以上学历人员占比分别为36.2%、55.4%、21.0%。卫生人力资源数量呈东部地区>中部地区>西部地区分布,城市卫生人力资源优于农村。结论建议通过教育培训、政策激励、人才合理规划等措施,加强人才队伍建设,促进人力资源均衡、持续发展。     

从科技期刊出版源头推进开放科学运动——TOP Factor的产生及影响

【目的】 研究以开放透明为导向的新一代期刊评价体系TOP Factor的来源及应用,为我国科技期刊界参与并推动开放科学运动提供参考。【方法】 利用网络调研法、文献调研法及数据分析法,探究TOP Factor的产生背景及340余种期刊的得分情况。【结果】 TOP Factor的产生主要归因于学术界已认识到影响因子评价体系存在漏洞,需要建立一套可以客观反映期刊发表内容质量,提高研究透明度和再现性的严谨、透明的期刊评价体系。TOP Factor共有10项指标,每项指标分为0~3分4个等级,目前已进行评估的期刊中心理学领域的期刊得分较高。【结论】 开放透明已成为今后学术出版的大趋势,TOP Factor是从出版源头推进开放科学,随着其在促进数据开放共享、提高学术成果可重复性方面的优势逐渐突显,使用TOP Factor的期刊和出版商将会越来越多。我国科技期刊应重视这一趋势并积极制定与开放科学相关的期刊政策,努力打造开放透明的学术生态。     

Barriers of Adherence among Palestinian Healthcare Professionals towards the Protocol of Health Education and Counselling on Healthy Behaviours for Non-Communicable Diseases

BackgroundDespite the huge numbers of the universally produced and employed protocols, the adherence with them is still low to moderate in the healthcare settings. This study was employed to assess the attitudes of Palestinian healthcare professionals in Gaza Strip to health education and counseling on healthy behaviours protocol (WHO-PEN Protocol 2), for patients with non-communicable diseases in the Ministry of Health primary healthcare centers.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted with a census sample of all governmental family physicians and nurses (n=175). The study questionnaire was developed based on Cabana theoretical framework. The Arabic version questionnaire was developed based on the cross-cultural adaptation framework. The psychometric properties of the Arabic version questionnaire was finally evaluated.ResultsThe psychometric properties of the Arabic version questionnaire showed good construct validity and internal consistency reliability. The overall adherence level to WHO-PEN Protocol 2 was 70.0, SD=6.9. The main perceived barriers were lack of incentive, patients'' factors, and lack of time. In general, most of healthcare professional respondents had a positive attitude toward the protocol, but this attitude was not predictor to protocol adherence.ConclusionThe good validity and reliability of the questionnaire can provide support for the accuracy of the study results. Varied implementation strategies targeting the major barriers derived from the study are extremely required for addressing the lack of incentives, patients'' factors and time constraints.     

Recency-Weighted Statistical Modeling Approach to Attribute Illnesses Caused by 4 Pathogens to Food Sources Using Outbreak Data,United States

Foodborne illness source attribution is foundational to a risk-based food safety system. We describe a method for attributing US foodborne illnesses caused by nontyphoidal Salmonella enterica, Escherichia coli O157, Listeria monocytogenes, and Campylobacter to 17 food categories using statistical modeling of outbreak data. This method adjusts for epidemiologic factors associated with outbreak size, down-weights older outbreaks, and estimates credibility intervals. On the basis of 952 reported outbreaks and 32,802 illnesses during 1998–2012, we attribute 77% of foodborne Salmonella illnesses to 7 food categories (seeded vegetables, eggs, chicken, other produce, pork, beef, and fruits), 82% of E. coli O157 illnesses to beef and vegetable row crops, 81% of L. monocytogenes illnesses to fruits and dairy, and 74% of Campylobacter illnesses to dairy and chicken. However, because Campylobacter outbreaks probably overrepresent dairy as a source of nonoutbreak campylobacteriosis, we caution against using these Campylobacter attribution estimates without further adjustment.     

Etiology of Severe Acute Respiratory Infections,Bangladesh, 2017

In April 2017, surveillance detected a surge in severe acute respiratory infections (SARI) in Bangladesh. We collected specimens from SARI patients and asymptomatic controls for analysis with multipathogen diagnostic tests. Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 was associated with the SARI epidemic, suggesting that introducing vaccines and empiric antiviral drugs could be beneficial.     

Sexual Contact as Risk Factor for Campylobacter Infection,Denmark

Campylobacteriosis is a disease of worldwide importance, but aspects of its transmission dynamics, particularly risk factors, are still poorly understood. We used data from a matched case-control study of 4,269 men who have sex with men (MSM) and 26,215 controls, combined with national surveillance data on Campylobacter spp., Salmonella spp., and Shigella spp., to calculate matched odds ratios (mORs) for infection among MSM and controls. MSM had higher odds of Campylobacter (mOR 14, 95% CI 10–21) and Shigella (mOR 74, 95% CI 27–203) infections, but not Salmonella (mOR 0.2, 95% CI 0–13), and were less likely than controls to have acquired Campylobacter infection abroad (χ² = 21; p<0.001). Our results confirm that sexual contact is a risk factor for campylobacteriosis and also suggest explanations for unique features of Campylobacter epidemiology. These findings provide a baseline for updating infection risk guidelines to the general population.     

Murine Typhus in Canary Islands,Spain, 1999–2015

To document the epidemiology, clinical features, and outcomes of murine typhus patients in the Canary Islands (Spain), we analyzed data that were retrospectively collected for 16 years for 221 patients. Murine typhus in the Canary Islands is characterized by a high rate of complications (31.6%), mainly liver, lung, kidney or central nervous system involvement.