吡嗪酰胺片近红外定量分析通用性模型的建立

目的建立近红外通用性模型,能对不同厂家吡嗪酰胺片的含量进行快速、无损地测定,有效监控其质量。方法采集9个浓度梯度的各3批自制样品及来源于20个不同厂家46批次的真实样品近红外漫反射光谱,并通过聚类分析方法确定校正集和预测集,考察不同预处理方法、谱段和光滑点数的影响,选择建立了最佳的吡嗪酰胺片的定量模型。结果 46个校正集样品经交叉验证建立校正模型,交叉验证均方根误差（RMSECV）为0.775,相关系数为99.4%;27个预测集真实样品的预测均方根误差（RMSEP）为0.962,预测值与真实值的相关系数为99.8%。预测值的平均回收率为99.9%（RSD为1.26%）。方法精密度RSD为0.84%（n=6）,方法稳定性RSD为0.5%（n=5）。对6个厂家6批真实样品含量测定,相对误差均小于1.53%。结论所建立的定量模型能够对不同厂家不同规格的样品作出准确、快速的含量分析。     

近红外光谱法快速测定山银花中四种有机酸

目的：建立近红外光谱（Near-Infrared Spectroscopy,NIR）快速检测山银花提取过程中四种有机酸含量的方法。方法：采集山银花NIR图谱,以高效液相色谱法为参考方法测定绿原酸、异绿原酸A、异绿原酸B和异绿原酸C的含量。采用偏最小二乘法（Partial Least square,PLS）建立定量校正模型。结果：校正模型中绿原酸、异绿原酸A、异绿原酸B和异绿原酸C的相关系数R分别为0.997 6、0.997 0、0.979 2、0.998 9,内部交叉验证均方根误差（RMSECV）分别为0.039 4、0.014 4、0.007 3、0.007 8;预测结果中上述成分对应的相关系数分别为0.892 0、0.827 9、0.878 4、0.995 1,预测均方根误差（RMSEP）分别为0.045 0、0.013 5、0.007 8、0.008 0,相对预测 偏差（RSEP）分别为0.351 0%、0.018 0%、0.040 0%、0.005 7%。结论：所建近红外检测方法快速、准确,可用于山 银花四种有机酸的快速检测。     

Prophylactic infusion of phenylephrine is effective in attenuating the decrease in regional cerebral blood volume and oxygenation during spinal anesthesia for cesarean section

BackgroundHypotension induced by spinal anesthesia for cesarean section causes a decrease in maternal regional cerebral blood volume and oxygenation. We used near-infrared spectroscopy to determine whether prophylactic infusion of phenylephrine attenuates these decreases.MethodsSixty patients undergoing bupivacaine spinal anesthesia for cesarean section were randomly divided into one of three intravenous infusion groups: saline (P0), phenylephrine 25 (P25) or 50 µg/min (P50). Mean arterial pressure, heart rate and near-infrared spectroscopy measurements were made at one-minute intervals for 20 minutes, and oxyhemoglobin, deoxy-hemoglobin and total-hemoglobin concentrations and tissue oxygenation index were determined. Mean changes in the values between baseline and each measurement time after intrathecal injection were compared.ResultsSignificant decreases in mean arterial pressure were seen in group P0 compared to P25 and P50 (P <0.01). Heart rate decreased in a dose-dependent manner during phenylephrine infusion (P0 vs. P25 and P50, P25 vs. P50; P <0.05). Significantly higher total-hemoglobin levels were observed in the phenylephrine groups versus the P0 group (P <0.01). The largest decrease in tissue oxygenation index was found in the P50, followed by P0 and P25 groups (P0 vs. P25 and P50, P25 vs. P50; P <0.05).ConclusionProphylactic infusion of phenylephrine, especially at 25 µg/min, can effectively suppress decreases in regional cerebral blood volume and regional cerebral blood oxygenation after induction of spinal anesthesia for cesarean section.     

Urethra and Ejaculation Preserving Robot-assisted Simple Prostatectomy: Near-infrared Fluorescence Imaging-guided Madigan Technique

Background

With the increasing adoption of novel technologies and anatomical techniques, surgical management of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) provides significant benefits in terms of obstruction relief, early urethral catheter removal, and faster return to daily activities. However, the main pitfall of BPH surgery in sexually active men remains ejaculatory dysfunction (EjD), which permanently affects quality of life.

Fluctuations in the cerebral oxygenation state during the resting period in functional mapping studies of the human brain

Functional mapping studies using near-infrared spectroscopy have detected for the first time the existence of significant fluctuations in the concentration of cerebral oxygenated [oxy-Hb], and deoxygenated haemoglobin, [deoxy-Hb], during the resting period. The fluctuations are not related to alterations in the systemic circulatory system. The temporal pattern varies with each brain region. In some instances, the degrees of change in [oxy-Hb] and [deoxy-Hb] caused by highly integrated tasks are within this resting variation range. Thus, taking account of these fluctuations is essential to the interpretation of distribution patterns of cerebral activity.     

应用近红外漫反射光谱技术测定酒炖熟地黄中的还原糖含量

目的:应用近红外漫反射光谱技术和数据分析软件,对酒炖熟地黄饮片粉末中还原糖的含量进行快速测定。方法:以还原糖测定仪测定酒炖熟地黄饮片粉末样品中还原糖的含量,采集其近红外光谱数据。应用偏最小二乘法(PLS)对建立还原糖含量测定的校正模型。结果:内部交叉验证和外部检验集样品对模型验证结果表明,真实值与预测值之间的相关系数(r2)分别为89.02和88.47,内外验证均方差RMSECV分别为0.962和0.987。配对比较t检验,真实值与预测值之间均无显著性差异。结论:本研究所建立的模型可以很好的预测酒炖熟地黄饮片中指标成分还原糖的含量。该方法简便可行,尤其适用于生产中间控制和大批量产品的检测。还可用于生产过程的质量控制,对于其它的中药材、中成药制剂等的指标成分测定也有一定的参考价值。     

Integrated nanomaterials for non-invasive photothermal therapy of rheumatoid arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic inflammatory autoimmune disease that causes swelling, redness, and arthralgia of multiple joints. Despite significant research and development on the treatment modalities for RA, there is still no established effective treatment option for eradicating joint damage and inflammation. In recent years, photothermal therapy (PTT) has emerged as a practical approach to treat RA. In this review, we outline various factors that affect the effective treatment of RA. Moreover, we discuss various PTT-based nanomaterials that can be used to treat RA.