The influence of tongue strength on children's performance in computer games reliant on lingual force generation

Oral motor exercises, for recovering tongue strength, can be integrated with computer games to increase motivation, especially for treatments in children. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of tongue strength on motor performance in computer games reliant on lingual force generation. An observational study was carried out at a speech-language pathology outpatient university clinic. Twenty participants (10 with normal tongue strength and 10 with reduced tongue strength) aged 8-13 years used an intra-oral joystick controlled by the tongue to play six computer games during which they had to reach targets that appeared on the screen. Motor performance was measured by the number of attempts to score and the time during which the target force was maintained. Tongue motor performance was compared between groups and across directions of tongue movement, resistance force levels, order of target appearance, continuous force application time on the target, age and sex. Children with normal tongue strength had a lower number of attempts to score (P = .014) and maintained the target force for longer periods (P = .002) than those with reduced tongue strength. The performance was better for both groups (a) in the downward direction compared with the performance in other directions, (b) in games with the lowest resistive force level (0.5 N) compared to those with other levels of resistive force and (c) in the second and third rounds compared with the first round. There were no gender-related differences in performance. Older participants performed better than younger participants. Tongue strength, direction of movement, force to reach the target, time of continuous force application, order of target appearance and age influenced tongue motor performance.     

A comparison of airway interventions and gastrostomy tube placement in infants with Robin sequence

The purpose of this study was to evaluate feeding impairment following non-operative or operative management of airway obstruction in a large series of infants with Robin sequence (RS) by rate of G-tube placement. A retrospective study was conducted at Boston Children’s Hospital including 225 patients (47.1% female) with RS treated between 1976 and 2018. Subjects were grouped by intervention required for successful management of airway obstruction: non-operative only (n = 120), tongue–lip adhesion (TLA, n = 75), mandibular distraction osteogenesis (MDO, n = 21), or tracheostomy (n = 9). The operative group had a higher rate of G-tube placement (58.1%) than the non-operative group (28.3%, P < 0.0001). Subjects in the TLA and tracheostomy groups had higher odds of G-tube placement than subjects in the MDO group: odds ratio (OR) 5.5 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.8–17.3, P = 0.004) and OR 27.0 (95% CI 3.2–293.4, P = 0.007), respectively. Syndromic patients and those with gastrointestinal anomalies also had higher odds of G-tube placement: OR 3.5 (95% CI 1.7–7.2, P = 0.001) and OR 5.9 (95% CI 1.6–21.0, P = 0.007), respectively. Infants with RS who require an airway operation and those with a syndromic diagnosis or gastrointestinal anomalies are more likely to require placement of a G-tube. Of the operative groups, MDO was associated with the lowest G-tube rate, compared to TLA and tracheostomy.     

Eruptive lingual papillitis with household transmission: a prospective clinical study

BACKGROUND: Eruptive lingual papillitis with household transmission (ELP) is an acute stomatitis of unknown cause occurring in children, with possible spread to one or several members of the family. OBJECTIVES: To verify clinical features and search for clinical characteristics of ELP. METHODS: A prospective case series, including an analysis of epidemiological and clinical factors, was conducted within private paediatric practices in collaboration with a dermatology department at the University Hospital of Nice, France. RESULTS: Thirty-eight children (21 girls and 17 boys) with clinical criteria of ELP referred from 1 February 2000 to 31 January 2002 were included in the study. Mean age at diagnosis was 3 years and 6 months. Thirty-three children attended day nursery or school. The seasonal distribution of observed cases showed a peak of incidence in spring. The eruption started abruptly. Fever was found in 15 (39%) cases. Difficulties in feeding were observed in all cases; intense salivation in 23 (61%) cases. The glossitis was characterized by inflammatory hypertrophy of the fungiform papillae on the tip and dorsolateral part of the tongue. Enlarged submaxillary or cervical lymph nodes were noted in 16 (42%) cases. Angular cheilitis was observed in four (11%) children. Spontaneous regression of the stomatitis occurred between the second and 15 days of clinical evolution. Mean duration was 7.3 days. Transmission to one or several members of the family was noted in 20 (53%) cases. Recurrence of symptoms was observed in five (13%) children. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirms some clinical characteristics of ELP: localized lesions of the fungiform papillae on the tip and dorsolateral part of the tongue, high frequency of intrafamilial transmission, and possibility of recurrence. This study also showed unsuspected clinical data such as possible occurrence of fever and angular cheilitis. ELP resembles an entity termed 'transient lingual papillitis' or commonly 'lie bumps'. The origin of this eruption remains unknown, but the transmission data could suggest a possible infectious origin.     

94例消化性溃疡患者舌象分析

目的观察消化性溃疡患者舌象特征.方法选择94例符合临床诊断及中医辨证分型标准的消化性溃疡患者,同步记录其舌质与舌苔变化.结果消化性溃疡患者各证型的舌象特征分布较广,且多数证型的主要舌象与证型的内在病理本质相吻合.结论舌象反映消化性溃疡各证型的内在病机变化,是临床诊治过程中确定分型证候的客观依据.     

小儿哮喘患者花剥苔与免疫的关系及血细胞变化

目的:采用免疫组织化学、细胞化学的方法,检测小儿哮喘花剥苔及对照组小儿血清免疫指标和血液细胞指标,以探讨小儿哮喘患者花剥苔形成的免疫机制。方法:采用临床流行病学方法,共调查562人,收回登记表352份。依据病例的诊断标准,根据哮喘以及花剥苔的有无分为哮喘花剥苔组、哮喘非花剥苔组和非哮喘花剥苔组,分三次分别检测其血清IgE、血清中CD4、CD8、CD28的含量。结果:在哮喘患儿中,花剥苔的发生率占33%。在花剥苔患儿中,哮喘的发生率占48%。IgE:哮喘花剥苔组明显高于正常人对照组,P<0.05;哮喘花剥苔组低于哮喘非花剥苔组,P<0.05;哮喘花剥苔组明显高于非哮喘花剥苔组,P<0.05;哮喘非花剥苔组小于非哮喘花剥苔组,P<0.05;哮喘非花剥苔组高于正常人对照组。以上各组比较均有显著性差异。CD4:哮喘花剥苔组小于非哮喘花剥苔组,更小于正常人对照组,均P<0.05,均有显著性差异。CD8:哮喘非花剥苔组高于正常人对照组,P<0.05,有显著性差异。CD28:哮喘花剥苔组、哮喘非花剥苔组和非哮喘花剥苔组都高于正常人对照组,P<0.05,有显著性差异。RBC:哮喘花剥苔组明显低于正常人对照组,P<0.05;哮喘非花剥苔组明显低于正常人对照组,P<0.05;非哮喘花剥苔组明显低于正常人对照组,P<0.05。结论:小儿花剥苔的出现可以为追踪小儿哮喘找到线索,其病理本质和小儿免疫力低下有一定联系,如IgE、CD8、CD28水平异常升高,CD4水平降低,血中红细胞数异常等,都可以作为中医治疗小儿哮喘的观察指标之一。     

负载舌鳞癌抗原的树突状细胞抗肿瘤的实验研究

目的探讨针对舌鳞癌的特异性免疫治疗作用。方法培养舌鳞癌细（Tca8113），43℃热后提取抗原并与树突状细胞（DC）共同培养，检测其对舌鳞癌细胞的特异性杀伤活性。结果负载抗原的DC对舌鳞癌细胞的杀伤活性明显高于未负载抗原的DC。结论DC负载抗原后可明显提高其抗肿瘤活性。     

图像分割技术在中医舌诊客观化研究中的应用

舌诊是中医四诊的主要内容,是辨证论治的主要依据。客观化研究对中医辨证规范化及中医临床、教学和科研手段的现代化具有重要意义。对舌诊客观化研究中涉及的图像预处理的重要内容——舌体分割提取和舌苔舌质同类区域划分——进行了深入研究,提出了相应算法,通过实验充分证明了算法具有很好的鲁棒性。这给进一步的自动特征提取提供了保障和重要信息。     

辽宁锡伯族和汉族两种舌运动类型的遗传学研究

目的对辽宁锡伯族和汉族卷舌和叠舌两种舌运动类型进行研究,为人类群体遗传学研究提供资料。方法调查前先向被调查者演示卷舌和叠舌运动,并嘱其练习然后进行调查。结果辽宁锡伯族和汉族卷舌出现率分别为71.88%和66.01%,叠舌出现率分别为13.94%和3.2%。结论两民族两种舌运动类型出现率性别间无显著差异;与其他群体相比较,辽宁锡伯族的叠舌出现率较高。