纳米活性炭的特性及其在胃癌治疗中的应用

纳米活性炭(ACNP)具有粒径小、形态规则、表面平滑、比表面积大、吸附能力强、吸附面积大、功能性缓释等良好的体外性质,以及淋巴趋向性、局部滞留性、肿瘤表面附着性、毒副作用极小等优越的体内特性。其作为术中指示剂在彻底根除癌变转移的淋巴结、吸附抗癌药定向杀死癌细胞或抑制癌细胞的淋巴转移方面已经初见成效。     

纳米磁性靶向载体粒子在肿瘤热疗中的应用

介绍纳米磁性靶向载体粒子（MTNP）肿瘤热疗的特点、基本原理及装置;着重介绍近年MTNP在肿瘤热疗中的研究与应用所取得的相关进展;MNTP热疗对口腔癌、脑胶质瘤疗效的体外实验研究;MTNP热疗诱导抗肿瘤免疫及其机制;细胞内热疗方面提出的新观点;MTNP热疗与抗体治疗的联合、与外放射的协同作用以及用于人类前列腺癌热疗的临床试验等。这些研究进展预示着MTNP热疗有望成为有效的肿瘤治疗手段。     

Melatonin delivery by nanocapsules during in vitro bovine oocyte maturation decreased the reactive oxygen species of oocytes and embryos

In this work, a promising approach to increase the advantageous properties of melatonin through its encapsulation into lipid-core nanocapsules (LNC) was examined. Oocytes were treated during in vitro maturation with non-encapsulated melatonin (Mel), melatonin-loaded lipid-core nanocapsules (Mel-LNC), and unloaded LNC. Cytotoxicity, meiotic maturation rate, development to the blastocyst stage, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glutathione levels, mean cell number and apoptotic cell/blastocyst, and mRNA quantification were evaluated. Both Mel and Mel-LNC enhanced in vitro embryo production, however, Mel-LNC proved to be more effective at decreasing ROS levels and the apoptotic cell number/blastocyst, increasing the cleavage and blastocyst rates, up-regulating the GPX1 and SOD2 genes, and down-regulating the CASP3 and BAX genes. Mel-LNC could penetrate into oocytes and remain inside the cells until they reach the blastocyst stage. In conclusion, when melatonin was encapsulated in LNC and applied during in vitro oocyte maturation, some quality aspects of the blastocysts were improved.     

siRNA Delivery: From Lipids to Cell‐penetrating Peptides and Their Mimics

To deliver siRNA for therapeutic use, several hurdles must be addressed. Metabolic degradation must be blocked, and the RNAi cellular machinery is located in the cytoplasm, while double‐stranded siRNA is large, highly charged and impermeable to cell membranes. To date, the solutions to the delivery issues have mostly involved different forms of lipid particle encapsulation. Cell‐penetrating peptides and their mimics or analogues offer a different approach and this is an emerging field with the first in vivo examples now reported. Recent reports point to lipid receptors being involved in the cellular uptake of both types of transporter. This review examines the delivery of siRNA with a focus on cell‐penetrating peptides and their small molecule and oligomeric mimics. The current status of siRNA delivery methods in clinical trials is examined. It now seems that the goal of delivering siRNA therapeutically is achievable but will they form part of a sustainable healthcare portfolio for the future.     

纳米技术应用于肝细胞癌介入治疗

肝癌的介入治疗已成为独立于内科保守治疗和外科手术治疗之外的第三种治疗方法,为晚期肝癌的首选治疗方法.附载于介入技术上的各种治疗方法层出不穷.纳米技术作为在现代物理学、化学和工程技术相结合的基础上诞生的高技术学科,也愈发在肝癌的治疗(主要是介入治疗)中显示出巨大的潜力.本文就纳米技术应用于肝癌介入治疗作一概述.     

眼科领域中纳米技术的应用

纳米技术是现代科学和先进工程技术结合的产物,几乎涉及现有的所有科学技术领域。眼科领域的主要应用包括利用纳米技术观察与分析眼的组织形态结构、生理及病理现象;利用纳米药物载体的靶向性、缓释性及控释性,成功应用于多种眼病的临床治疗和实验室研究;纳米生物材料在组织修复和制作假体方面具有良好前景;利用纳米技术辅助诊断、作为基因治疗载体等。（中华眼科杂志．2007。43：1048—1052）     

The implications and applications of nanotechnology in dentistry: A review

The emerging science of nanotechnology, especially within the dental and medical fields, sparked a research interest in their potential applications and benefits in comparison to conventional materials used. Therefore, a better understanding of the science behind nanotechnology is essential to appreciate how these materials can be utilised in our daily practice. The present paper will help the reader understand nanoscience, and the benefits and limitations of nanotechnology by addressing its ethical, social, and health implications. Additionally, nano-applications in dental diagnostics, dental prevention, and in dental materials will be addressed, with examples of commercially available products and evidence on their clinical performance.     

Cellular behavior on TiO2 nanonodular structures in a micro-to-nanoscale hierarchy model

Biological tissues involve hierarchical organizations of structures and components. We created a micropit-and-nanonodule hybrid topography of TiO₂ by applying a recently reported nanonodular self-assembly technique on acid-etch-created micropit titanium surfaces. The size of the nanonodules was controllable by changing the assembly time. The created micro-nano-hybrid surface rendered a greater surface area and roughness, and extensive geographical undercut on the existing micropit surface and resembled the surface morphology of biomineralized matrices. Rat bone marrow-derived osteoblasts were cultured on titanium disks with either micropits alone, micropits with 100-nm nodules, micropits with 300-nm nodules, or micropits with 500-nm nodules. The addition of nanonodules to micropits selectively promoted osteoblast but not fibroblast function. Unlike the reported advantages of microfeatures that promote osteoblast differentiation but inhibit its proliferation, micro-nano-hybrid topography substantially enhanced both. We also demonstrated that these biological effects were most pronounced when the nanonodules were tailored to a diameter of 300 nm within the micropits. An implant biomechanical test in a rat femur model revealed that the strength of bone–titanium integration was more than three times greater for the implants with micropits and 300-nm nanonodules than the implants with micropits alone. These results suggest the establishment of functionalized nano-in-microtitanium surfaces for improved osteoconductivity, and may provide a biomimetic micro-to-nanoscale hierarchical model to study the nanofeatures of biomaterials.     

Novel technologies: A weapon against tuberculosis

Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading chronic bacterial infection. Despite potentially curative pharmacotherapies being available for over 50 years, the length of the treatment and the pill burden can hamper patient lifestyle. Low compliance and adherence to administration schedules remain the main reasons for therapeutic failure and contribute to the development of multidrug-resistant strains. The design of novel antibiotics attempts to overcome drug resistance, to shorten the treatment course, and to reduce drug interactions. In this framework, nanotechnology appears as one of the promising approaches for the development of more effective medicines. The present review thoroughly overviews the development of novel microparticulate, encapsulation, and various other carrier-based drug delivery systems for incorporating the principal anti-TB agents. Drug delivery systems have been designed that either target the site of TB or reduce the dosing frequency with the aim of improving patient healthcare.