乌司他丁对体外循环肺静脉血中CD11b、ICAM-1、NE、ET-1的影响

目的探讨乌司他丁对体外循环患者肺静脉血中CD11b、ICAM-1、NE、ET-1的影响。方法选择40例主动脉阻断时间30min以上的心内直视手术患者,随机分成乌司他丁实验组(U组)和对照组(C组),每组20例。U组于麻醉诱导后静注乌司他丁1.2×104 U/kg,C组不用乌司他丁,用等量生理盐水代替。分别在麻醉诱导后(T1)、主动脉开放10min(T2)、停机后10min(T3)和1h(T4)测定肺静脉血粘附分子CD11b、ICAM-1、NE、ET-1浓度,流式细胞仪测定中性粒细胞CD11b的活性表达,ELISA法测定肺静脉血ICAM-1、NE、ET-1浓度。结果1.麻醉诱导后两组患者肺静脉血CD11b、ICAM-1、NE、ET-1水平差异无显著性(P0.05)。2.CPB开始后各时点CD11b、NE、ET-1的水平明显上升(P0.05)。U明显低于C组(P0.05)。3.停机后1 h(T4)对照组(C组)肺静脉ICAM-1值逐渐上升并超过基础值,实验组逐渐下降至基础值,差异明显(P0.05),两组比较U明显低于C组(P0.05)。结论1.体外循环可引起静脉中CD11b、ICAM-1、NE、ET-1水平升高,导致肺损伤。2.乌司他丁可通过抑制CD11b、ICAM-1、NE、ET-1表达,减轻肺部炎症反应,对体外循环所致肺损伤提供保护作用。     

柴胡对肝郁证中枢神经递质作用的实验研究

目的探索柴胡对肝郁证大鼠中枢神经递质的作用。方法利用中医证候模型,研究柴胡对单胺类神经递质的作用。结果肝郁证模型组大鼠脑内NE与DA水平与对照组比较下降明显(P<0.05);肝郁证模型加逍遥散组大鼠脑内NE与DA水平与对照组比较无显著性差异(P>0.05);肝郁证模型加柴胡组大鼠脑内NE与DA水平与对照组比较也无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论肝郁证大鼠脑内NE与DA水平明显降低,柴胡舒肝解郁,有增加肝郁证大鼠脑内NE、DA神经递质的作用。     

Reduced area of the normal lung on high-resolution computed tomography predicts poor survival in patients with lung cancer and combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema

Background

This study aimed to determine the radiologic predictors and clarify the clinical features related to survival in patients with combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE) and lung cancer.

IP(3)R-mediated Ca(2+) release is modulated by anandamide in isolated cardiac nuclei

Cannabinoids (CBs) are known to alter coronary vascular tone and cardiac performance. They also exhibit cardioprotective properties, particularly in their ability to limit the damage produced by ischaemia reperfusion injury. The mechanisms underlying these effects are unknown. Here we investigate the intracellular localisation of CB receptors in the heart and examine whether they may modulate localised nuclear Ca²⁺ release. In isolated cardiac nuclear preparations, expression of both the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2 (IP₃R) and CB receptors (CB₁R and CB₂R) was demonstrated by immunoblotting. Both receptors localised to the nucleus and purity of the nuclear preparations was confirmed by co-expression of the nuclear marker protein nucleolin but absence of cytoplasmic actin. To measure effects of IP₃R and CBR agonists on nuclear Ca²⁺ release, isolated nuclei were loaded with Fluo5N-AM. This dye accumulates in the nuclear envelope. Isolated nuclei responded to IP₃ with rapid and transient Ca²⁺ release from the nuclear envelope. Anandamide inhibited this IP₃-mediated release. Preincubation of nuclear preparations with either the CB₁R antagonist (AM251) or the CB₂R antagonist (AM630) reversed anandamide-mediated inhibition to 80% and 60% of control values respectively. When nuclei were pre-treated with both CBR antagonists, anandamide-mediated inhibition of IP₃-induced Ca²⁺ release was completely reversed. These results are the first to demonstrate the existence of cardiac nuclear CB receptors. They are also the first to show that anandamide can negatively modulate IP₃-mediated nuclear Ca²⁺ release. As such, this provides evidence for a novel key mechanism underlying the action of CBs and CBRs in the heart.     

MS23对大鼠胸主动脉环舒张机制的研究

目的:探讨MS23对血管平滑肌的舒张作用及其机制。方法:采用离体血管张力实验方法,观察MS23的舒血管作用。试验共分三组:内皮健在组;去内皮组;L硝基精氨酸(LNAME)组。结果以x±s表示。资料分析:组间进行单因素方差分析(F检验)和q检验。统计分析用SPSS11.5软件。P<0.05为有统计学意义。结果:对同一浓度MS23干预下三组间收缩率无差别(P>0.05),提示:MS23对大鼠胸主动脉环的舒张作用与内皮功能无关;MS23对大鼠胸主动脉环的舒张作用不受LNAME的影响,即与一氧化氮(NO)无关。结论:MS23对血管环的舒张作用与内皮源性舒张因子(NO)无关;MS23的舒血管作用与内皮细胞的功能无关;MS23可能是一种特异性PDE4抑制剂。     

Exploring the relationship between cognitive illness representations and poor emotional health and their combined association with diabetes self-care. A systematic review with meta-analysis

Objective

Depression and anxiety are common in diabetes and are associated with lower diabetes self-care adherence. How this occurs is unclear. Our systematic review explored the relationship between cognitive illness representations and poor emotional health and their combined association with diabetes self-care.

Methods

Medline, Psycinfo, EMBASE, and CINAHL were searched from inception to June 2013. Data on associations between cognitive illness representations, poor emotional health, and diabetes self-care were extracted. Random effects meta-analysis was used to test the relationship between cognitive illness representations and poor emotional health. Their combined effect on diabetes self-care was narratively evaluated.

Results

Nine cross-sectional studies were included. Increased timeline cyclical, consequences, and seriousness beliefs were associated with poorer emotional health symptoms. Lower perceived personal control was associated with increased depression and anxiety, but not mixed anxiety and depressive symptoms. Remaining cognitive illness representation domains had mixed statistically significant and non-significant relationships across emotional states or were measured only once. Effect sizes ranged from small to large (r = ± 0.20 to 0.51). Two studies explored the combined effects of cognitions and emotions on diabetes self-care. Both showed that cognitive illness representations have an independent effect on diabetes self-care, but only one study found that depression has an independent effect also.

Conclusions

Associations between cognitive illness representations and poor emotional health were in the expected direction — negative diabetes perceptions were associated with poorer emotional health. Few studies examined the relative effects of cognitions and emotions on diabetes self-care. Longitudinal studies are needed to clarify directional pathways.     

Leukoaraiosis Predicts Short-term Cognitive But not Motor Recovery in Ischemic Stroke Patients During Rehabilitation

Background: Leukoaraiosis has been shown to impact functional outcomes after acute ischemic stroke. However, its association with domain specific recovery after ischemic stroke is uncertain. We sought to determine whether pre-existing leukoaraiosis is associated with short-term motor and cognitive recovery after stroke. Methods: We retrospectively studied ischemic stroke patients admitted to acute inpatient rehabilitation (AIR) between January 2013 and September 2015. Patient baseline characteristics, infarct volume, prestroke modified Rankin Scale, stroke cause, rehabilitation length of stay, and Functional Independence Measure (FIM) scores were recorded. Leukoaraiosis severity was graded on brain magnetic resonance imaging using the Fazekas scale. Multiple linear regression was used to determine factors independently associated with the total, cognitive, and motor FIM scores at AIR discharge, respectively. Results: Of 1600 ischemic stroke patients screened, 109 patients were included in the final analysis. After adjustment, the initial National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (β ?0.541, confidence interval [CI] ?0.993 to ?0.888; P = 0.020) and pre-existing leukoaraiosis severity (β ?1.448, CI ?2.861 to ?0.034; P = 0.045) independently predicted the total FIM score. Domain specific analysis showed that infarct volume (β ?0.012, CI ?0.019 to ?0.005; P = 0.002) and leukoaraiosis severity (β ?0.822, CI ?1.223 to ?0.410; P = 0.0001) independently predicted FIM cognitive scores at discharge from AIR. Leukoaraiosis did not predict FIM motor score (P = 0.17). Conclusions: Leukoaraiosis severity is an independent predictor of total and cognitive, but not motor FIM scores after AIR for acute ischemic stroke. This highlights that leukoaraiosis affects poststroke recovery in a domain specific fashion, information that may aid counseling of patients and families as well as tailor rehabilitative efforts.     

三叶青提取物解热作用及对大白鼠下丘脑5-羟色胺、去甲肾上腺素、多巴胺含量的影响

目的探讨三叶青提取物(ETR)对酵母致大白鼠发热和下丘脑5-羟色胺(5-HT)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)、多巴胺(DA)含量的影响,为其解热降温机理作用提供科学依据。方法用荧光分光光度计在365、385、325 nm处为激发波长,以485、480、375 nm为发射波长,测定5-HT、NE和DA含量。结果给药组大白鼠在给予三叶青提取物后1 h体温显著下降,下丘脑组织中5-HT、NE和DA含量明显低于空白对照组。结论三叶青提取物对酵母致发热大白鼠有明显的解热作用,其解热作用与影响体温调节中枢介质5-HT、NE、DA的含量有关。