Bianca Baker-Eck  Ray Bull  Dave Walsh 《Psychiatry, Psychology and Law》2020,27(3):412-427

A growing body of research suggests that empathy plays a major role in establishing and maintaining rapport during police interviews. The benefits of rapport include not only increased cooperation from interviewees, but also gaining more accurate investigation-relevant information. However, there still is no universally agreed-upon definition and very little research on operationalizing empathy, especially within investigative interviewing. The present study analyzed police interviewers’ self-reports regarding their (a) training and methods employed during interviews, (b) application of empathy in interviews, and (c) definitions/understanding of empathy. It was found that officers in all seven participating countries varied within each country in their use of accusatory or information-gathering interview styles. The majority of participants in each country claimed to employ empathy in their interviews with suspects, yet they varied regarding the definitions they provided. In no country was empathy defined as having aspects that may not be conducive to investigative interviewing.  相似文献   

Police Interviewers’ Perceptions of Child Credibility in Forensic Investigations     

Hannah Cassidy  Lucy Akehurst  Julie Cherryman 《Psychiatry, Psychology and Law》2020,27(1):61-80

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Anna Schertz  Birgit Herbeck Belnap  Mira‐Lynn Chavanon  Frank Edelmann  Rolf Wachter  Christoph Herrmann‐Lingen 《ESC Heart Failure》2019,6(4):658-666

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Janet Tong  Katrina Simpson  Mario Alvarez‐Jimenez  Sarah Bendall 《Early intervention in psychiatry》2019,13(5):1236-1244

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《Collegian (Royal College of Nursing, Australia)》2019,26(5):541-549

BackgroundIn Australia, alcohol use is accountable for 5.1% of the total burden of disease and injury along with being responsible for 24% of the burden as a result of chronic liver disease. There is a paucity of quality evidence-based programmes for alcohol use management and the chronic viral hepatitis population.AimsTo evaluate the effectiveness of an alcohol brief intervention for ambulatory patients with chronic viral hepatitis C attending a hepatology clinic.MethodsA randomised controlled trial determined the effectiveness of: a brief intervention and routine care (Group 1) compared to routine care only (no formalised intervention) (Group 2). Alcohol reduction is the primary outcome measure. Reduction in risky drinking and quality of life were also measured. Data was collected at three-time points, baseline prior to randomisation, four weeks and eight weeks.FindingsAlcohol intake reduced in both groups at 4 weeks, with 57% (intervention) and 41% (control) having a 50% reduction in alcohol (p = 0.295). This reduction was maintained by both groups at 8 weeks with 53% (intervention) and 43% (control) (p = 0.536). The intervention group showed a greater reduction over time, but this was not statistically significant.DiscussionIncreasing nurse led models of care, such as nurse practitioners specialising in hepatology, could provide an effective response for managing people with chronic viral hepatitis C and alcohol misuse.ConclusionAssessing for alcohol use using the AUDIT C and TLFB_A and providing a brief intervention with routine care by the Nurse Practitioner, Hepatology is an acceptable and useful intervention to reduce alcohol consumption in this population.  相似文献   

    

Mario J. Lintz  Christian Thurstone  Madelyne Hull  Kristie Ladegard 《Journal of child & adolescent substance abuse》2019,28(2):127-131

The objective of this study was to develop a school-based substance treatment model and evaluate the feasibility and preliminary outcomes of treatment in a school-based setting to improve access to treatment for adolescents with substance use disorders. This study provided care to 41 youths (12 to 18?years old) in three school-based health clinics. The intervention consisted of 12?weeks of individual motivational interviewing, acceptance and commitment therapy, contingency management with urine drug screens, medication-assisted therapy, family sessions, and case management. Feasibility outcomes included the number of sessions attended, the Session Rating Scale, and qualitative feedback from patients (N?=?41), therapists (N?=?3), and a school principal. Preliminary treatment outcomes included the Timeline Followback Interview, a modified Outcome Rating Scale, and a questionnaire of school engagement. The average number of sessions completed was 7.4 (SD?=?3.6), and the average Session Rating Scale score was 38.2 (0?=?minimum alliance, 40?=?maximum alliance). Qualitative interviews provided feedback to adapt the treatment model further. Youths reported significant pre-post improvements in emotional wellness, school engagement, and substance use. This study produced a school-based substance treatment model that is well-received by patients, demonstrated feasibility, showed positive preliminary outcomes, and is ready for further clinical testing.  相似文献   

    

《Dental clinics of North America》2019,63(4):607-620

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《Child and adolescent psychiatric clinics of North America》2019,28(3):461-472

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Rhonda M. Shaw 《Sociology of health & illness》2019,41(3):553-566

Social scientists have recently diverged from mainstream bioethical discussion on the topic of the medical use of human biological materials for therapeutic, reproductive and research purposes. Rather than justifying the donation and provision of biological materials solely in terms of alleviating physical, psychological and social suffering, saving or enhancing life, and advancing biomedical knowledge, this work looks beyond humanist bioethics to take a social justice approach to questions of the life sciences. In this article, I draw insight from these accounts to propose an approach to the sociology of live kidney and breastmilk donation that is situated at the interface of the new sociology of morality and affect studies. To do so, I examine the moral economy of tissue provision with respect to its organisation around the discourse of altruism and the gift. I then turn to recent work on tissue economies, which are in the business of creating and producing biovalue, to discuss the manipulation of affect and the entanglement of new forms of bio‐intimacy in the production and reproduction of somatic life. The aim of the article was to contribute to the study of the sociology of donation as a substantive field of specialisation within sociology.  相似文献   

    

Bi Xia Ngooi  Tanya L. Packer  Grace Warner  George Kephart  Karen Wei Ling Koh  Raymond Ching Chiew Wong 《Disability and rehabilitation》2018,40(5):587-596

Purpose: Validation studies of the PAM-13 have found differences in scale performance, suggesting that health beliefs embedded in different cultures and/or self-management needs of different client groups influence how people respond to the items. The purpose of this study was to examine how adults with cardiac conditions in Singapore interpreted and responded to the PAM-13, to investigate possible reasons for differences in responses and to propose solutions to overcome them.

Methods: We conducted retrospective cognitive interviews with 13 participants in an out-patient heart center. Interviews were transcribed and analyzed based on the framework approach to qualitative analysis. The four stages from Tourangeau’s cognitive model were used as a framework to index the data from each item.

Results: There was variation in comprehension of questions leading to variation in responses. Comprehension issues were due to terms perceived by participants to be vague and the use of English terms uncommon in Singapore. Cultural influences impacted decision processes and problems with response processes of the self-rating Likert scale surfaced.

Conclusions: This study reinforces the need to culturally adapt the tool, even when language translation is not necessary. Providing Likert scales with a larger number of may widen the relevance of PAM-13 in Singapore.

• Implications for rehabilitation

• Need to culturally adapt assessment tool, even when language translation is not necessary.

• Consider using Likert scales with a larger number of categories when using in Asian countries such as Singapore.

• Caution must be taken when using PAM-13 levels to decide interventions for each individual.

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