动机性访谈的研究及应用现状

介绍了动机性访谈的形成及发展、理论基础、原则及技巧、评价工具及应用现状。提示,应研制适合我国国情的测量工具,扩大应用人群,发挥动机性访谈在护理工作中的作用。     

Interviewing Victims of Repeated Domestic Violence: Investigators' Beliefs and Strategies

Most victims of domestic violence are abused repeatedly over time. Hence, investigative challenges arise concerning victims' ability to recall particular events. This research focuses on investigators' understanding of memory-based problems associated with repeated victimization and their strategies to facilitate recall. Eighty-one Swedish police officers completed a questionnaire probing their beliefs about memory for repeated events, aims of witness interviews and specific memory-enhancing techniques. A large proportion reported not making any extra preparations or using specific techniques to tackle the challenges of interviewing victims of repeated violence. However, respondents were largely aware of problematic memory features, including source monitoring errors, and they reported using scientifically supported techniques.     

面孔吸引力认知偏好与动机行为的性别差异研究

目的:了解异性恋青年对面孔吸引力的认知偏好与相应的动机行为,探索当处理不同性别与吸引力的面孔时,是否存在着性别差异。方法:40名男性与女性被试需要完成两项任务:(1)评分任务,被试需要对所呈现的面孔,判断其吸引力的高低并进行评分;(2)按键任务,被试需要观看不同吸引力水平的面孔图片,并可以通过按键改变观看的时间。结果:男性和女性均对吸引力高的面孔评分更高且观看时间更长(P0.05);面对吸引力高的面孔时,男性对异性面孔评分显著高于同性面孔(P0.05),且对异性面孔观看时间显著高于对同性面孔(P0.05),而女性则没有显示这样的差异(P0.05);男性与女性被试对吸引力高的异性面孔评分没有显著性差异(P0.05),但在按键任务中,男性相比女性会付出更多的努力(通过按更多的键),以更长时间的观看吸引力高的异性面孔(P0.05)。结论:吸引力高的异性面孔对异性恋的男性具有某种动机靶向作用,但对异性恋女性没有这种作用。在处理不同性别与吸引力的面孔时,在动机水平上可能存在着性别差异。