成人霉菌性心肌炎心内膜心肌电镜观察报告

本文通过心内膜心肌电镜观察,诊断一例成人原发性霉菌性心肌炎,对其超微病理变化特点做了首次报道。观察发现,心肌病变是由一种特殊丝状菌所致,表现为间质增生,炎症反应微弱,心肌细胞主要是外膜系统的损害。膜系的变化可能与霉菌产生的某种酶的作用有关。     

霉菌快速检测纸片法的研究

食品中霉菌检测的国家标准方法为培养基平板法。我们研究了霉菌快速检测的纸片法。该技术为接种样品置（３６±１）℃４０～４８ｈ培养后，计数在纸片上生长的霉菌菌落数（同时生长醇母菌落），然后通过公式换算出每克（毫升）样品霉菌的菌落总数。采用该方法和国标法同时检测阳性菌种以及加主食品样品霉菌总数检测试验的比较，结果符合率高，统计学无显著性差异。认为霉菌快速检测纸片法具有快速、准确、方便等优点。     

Medical diagnostics for indoor mold exposure

In April 2016, the German Society of Hygiene, Environmental Medicine and Preventative Medicine (Gesellschaft für Hygiene, Umweltmedizin und Präventivmedizin (GHUP)) together with other scientific medical societies, German and Austrian medical societies, physician unions and experts has provided an AWMF (Association of the Scientific Medical Societies) guideline ‘Medical diagnostics for indoor mold exposure’. This guideline shall help physicians to advise and treat patients exposed indoors to mold. Indoor mold growth is a potential health risk, even without a quantitative and/or causal association between the occurrence of individual mold species and health effects. Apart from the allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) and the mycoses caused by mold, there is only sufficient evidence for the following associations between moisture/mold damages and different health effects: Allergic respiratory diseases, asthma (manifestation, progression, exacerbation), allergic rhinitis, exogenous allergic alveolitis and respiratory tract infections/bronchitis. In comparison to other environmental allergens, the sensitizing potential of molds is estimated to be low. Recent studies show a prevalence of sensitization of 3–10% in the total population of Europe. The evidence for associations to mucous membrane irritation and atopic eczema (manifestation, progression, exacerbation) is classified as limited or suspected. Inadequate or insufficient evidence for an association is given for COPD, acute idiopathic pulmonary hemorrhage in children, rheumatism/arthritis, sarcoidosis, and cancer. The risk of infections from indoor molds is low for healthy individuals. Only molds that are capable to form toxins can cause intoxications. The environmental and growth conditions and especially the substrate determine whether toxin formation occurs, but indoor air concentrations are always very low. In the case of indoor moisture/mold damages, everyone can be affected by odor effects and/or impairment of well-being. Predisposing factors for odor effects can be given by genetic and hormonal influences, imprinting, context and adaptation effects. Predisposing factors for impairment of well-being are environmental concerns, anxieties, conditioning and attributions as well as a variety of diseases. Risk groups that must be protected are patients with immunosuppression and with mucoviscidosis (cystic fibrosis) with regard to infections and individuals with mucoviscidosis and asthma with regard to allergies. If an association between mold exposure and health effects is suspected, the medical diagnosis includes medical history, physical examination, conventional allergy diagnosis, and if indicated, provocation tests. For the treatment of mold infections, it is referred to the AWMF guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of invasive Aspergillus infections. Regarding mycotoxins, there are currently no validated test methods that could be used in clinical diagnostics. From the perspective of preventive medicine, it is important that mold damages cannot be tolerated in indoor environments.     

武汉地区甲真菌病的致病菌及菌种变迁分析

目的了解1999年1月~2005年12月武汉地区甲真菌病的致病菌种分布及变迁情况。方法对1999年1月~2005年12月甲真菌病患者的真菌培养资料1237例进行系统分析总结。结果真菌培养阳性895例,阳性率72.4%。致病菌中,皮肤癣菌559株(61.1%),酵母菌287株(31.4%),霉菌69株(7.5%)。皮肤癣菌中红色毛癣菌占95.0%(531/559),酵母菌中念珠菌属占71.8%(206/287),霉菌中曲霉属占53.6%(37/69);混合感染20例占2.2%。结论武汉地区甲真菌病的致病菌中以皮肤癣菌为主,其中红色毛癣菌为优势菌种,但是占致病菌的比例下降;酵母菌属和念珠菌属的比例上升;霉菌中以曲霉属和镰刀菌属为主。甲真菌病混合感染的比例上升。     

Relation of dampness to sick building syndrome in Japanese public apartment houses

Objectives  The effect of dampness on sick building syndrome (SBS) symptoms has not been fully investigated in Japan. The purpose of this study is to elucidate the possible effects of dampness on SBS symptoms among residents in Japanese public apartment houses. Methods  A questionnaire was used to investigate the degree of dampness in public apartment houses in Asahikawa, Japan, and its effect on SBS symptoms, involving 480 residents in 64 buildings. Dampness indicators were as follows: condensation on the windowpanes, condensation on the walls and/or closets, visible mold in the bathrooms, visible mold on the walls, window frames, and/or closet, moldy odor, slow drying of the wet towels in bathrooms, water leakage, and bad drainage in bathrooms. Results  All dampness indicators except for visible mold in bathrooms had significantly higher odds ratios (ORs) for all or any SBS symptoms after adjustment. The dampness index, the number of positive dampness indicators, was significantly related to all SBS symptoms after adjustment. Conclusions  There are serious problems relating to dampness in Japanese public housing, which affects the health of residents. There is a need to educate the residents about the relationship between dampness and SBS, and building problems should be rectified.     

颅脑部血管铸型标本的制作进展

目的：改良颅脑血管铸型标本的制作方法,使颅脑血管显示更加精细,以指导临床及科研。方法：使用不同配方的液体填充剂,灌注到人体器官管道内,腐蚀去除器官的其他组织,保留灌注管道内的塑料铸形,即管道铸型标本。结果：不同的填充剂、灌注方式和腐蚀方法可以达成不同的显示效果。结论：比较各种方法优缺点,得出最好显示效果的标本制作方式。     

冰冻组织芯片的研制及可行性探讨

背景与目的应用自制模具进行冰冻组织芯片的研制及可行性探讨,为简单、经济、规范地进行蛋白及基因原位分析提供一种新方法。方法应用自制模具制备48点阵冰冻组织芯片。并经HE染色和EMA免疫组化染色,对其在形态学及基因表达分析方面的可行性进行评价。结果冰冻组织芯片OCT模块组织芯排列基本整齐,HE切片细胞的形态结构基本清楚;免疫组化染色组织形态基本完好,EMA呈棕黄色颗粒状;冰冻组织芯片EMA免疫组化染色结果与普通冰冻切片免疫组化结果比较,符合率为94.7%(18/19),二者比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论我们冰冻组织芯片的研制方法是可行的,完全可以用于形态学观察和蛋白表达方面的研究。     

Application of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detecting mold contamination in agricultural commodities and comparison with conventional assays

Mold contamination in agricultural commodities including grains, grain-based foods, fruits, and vegetables was investigated by two analytical methods. One method employed a mixed monoclonal antibody sandwich ELISA for detection of Aspergillus, Penicillium and Fusarium genera-specific antigens. The detection limit of ELISA for these antigens was 100 ng/g. The other protocol was HPLC-based detection of ergosterol, the predominant sterol in most molds. Recoveries of ergosterol from grains and grain-based foods at spiking levels of 50–1000 ng g^?1 ranged between 82 and 86%. The detection limit of the HPLC method for ergosterol was 40 ng g^?1. Ninety-two samples (59%) and 116 (75%) among 155 samples tested positive with antigens and ergosterol by the ELISA and the HPLC method, respectively. The cause of conflicting data between both detection methods found in nine dried persimmon samples were solved by using the conventional direct plating method that showed the prevalence of other genera with rarity of Aspergillus, Penicillium and Fusarium. The sandwich ELISA method offers a rapid assay for selectively tracing the potential mycotoxigenic mold, and also is a preliminary screening method for mycotoxin analysis.     

Prenatal exposure to environmental pollutants and child development trajectories through 7 years

Background

Prenatal exposure to environmental pollutants such as mold, lead, pesticides, tobacco, and air pollutants has been suggested to impair cognitive development. Evidence is needed from longitudinal studies to understand their joint impact on child development across time.