Utilisation des ballons actifs dans l’angioplastie coronaire : indications actuelles et perspectives

The paclitaxel-eluting balloon is an emerging percutaneous coronary angioplasty tool which aim is to prevent restenosis by delivering a high intravessel paclitaxel dose during balloon inflation. It has been already approved in the treatment of bare metal stent restenosis and is being investigated in drug-eluting stent restenosis. For the treatment of de novo lesions, it could be used alone or in combination with bare metal stent implantation. Most interesting results were obtained by a drug-eluting balloon alone strategy in small vessels angioplasty. Current and upcoming results of this evolving technology are reviewed.     

贵州农村新生儿溶血症群体技术干预效果示范研究

目的:探索贵州农村新生儿溶血症群体干预的有效策略和方法。方法:采用人群预防实验研究方法,在干预县建立示范区,引入新生儿溶血症干预技术进行一年的现场干预。通过对实验区和对照区地区间及干预前后的结果比较,了解新生儿溶血症干预的实施效果。结果:研究共纳入15 795名计划怀孕或已孕妇女作为研究对象,开展新生儿溶血症干预研究,其中干预组8 216人,对照组7 579人;开展血型筛查7 762人,筛查率94.47%;发现高危夫妇659对,其中怀孕615人;开展高危对象孕期B超监测603人,监测率98.05%;高危孕妇血清IgG抗A(B)效价92例;产后访视高危对象615名,访视率100.00%;干预组未发生因新生儿溶血症和母子血型不合高胆红素血症死亡病例,对照组因新生儿溶血症死亡2例,母子血型不合高胆红素血症死亡1例。结论:群体干预技术能够明显降低新生儿溶血症发病率。     

温州某寄宿高中学生抗生素知信行干预效果评价

目的 了解温州市高中生抗生素基本知识、态度和行为现状,引导学生合理正确使用抗生素.方法 整群抽取温州市某寄宿制学校高一、高二年级学生1400名,再从中随机抽取381名学生.干预前实际调查学生337名,干预后实际调查学生310名.通过不记名、自填问卷及小组笔谈、个别谈话的方法进行调查.结果 干预后高中生抗生素知识总知晓率提高了29.9个百分点,抗生素药物辨认率提高了33.5个百分点.81.3％的学生备有抗生素药物,其中最多的是阿莫西林,占备用抗生素的72.7％.抗生素最多来自医院,占62.9％.干预后有87.1％的学生认为有必要增加抗生素安全使用知识.结论 高中学生抗生素知识匮乏,滥用抗生素严重,存在用药安全隐患.应加强抗生素相关知识宣传,提高学生对抗生素的认知率.     

2011年深圳市光明新区婴儿喂养方式现状调查

目的了解光明新区婴儿喂养方式现状,比较独生子女与非独生子女之间的差异,研究两个群体有效的营养行为干预模式。方法 2011年7月1～8日在深圳市光明新区社区儿童保健门诊,对330名0～3岁散居婴幼儿的主要照顾者进行回顾性调查,调查表由医务人员填写,主要内容包括婴幼儿基本情况、喂养现状及补充食品添加情况,以及家长关于婴儿期喂养、营养知识和行为等。结果独生子女家庭年均收入与非独生子女家庭年均收入差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;独生子女母乳喂养率为35.13%,非独生子女为76.08%（P〈0.05）;断奶时间：独生子女为4.10月,非独生子女为8.08月（P〈0.05）;6个月龄时独生子女补充食品添加占29.87%,非独生子女占19.19%（P〈0.01）,两人群补充食品添加种类和频率差异均有统计学意义。结论科学合理的喂养方式取决于主要抚养人的喂养行为以及母亲的文化程度,家庭收入不是科学喂养的主要障碍,独生子女补充食物添加及喂养方式更为科学合理,分层次践行科学育儿中心-社区-家庭的干预模式。     

Lifestyle interventions targeting changes in body weight and composition among youth with an intellectual disability: A systematic review

Over the past three decades, the potential effects of lifestyle interventions targeting changes in body weight and composition (weight, body mass index, fat mass, waist circumference) among adults with an intellectual disability (ID) have been examined in various systematic reviews. Nevertheless, since the middle of the 1980s, the potential effects of these interventions for youth with an ID remain an open question. The purpose of this article is to review the effects of lifestyle interventions targeting changes in body weight and composition among youth with an ID. This review will focus on changes in body weight and composition, healthy lifestyle, and secondary health conditions. A systematic review of English- and French-language studies, published between 1981 and 2013, was performed on Academic Search Complete, PsycARTICLES, Medline and Scopus. The nine studies included in this review focused mainly on: a sample with a wide age range (e.g., 7–22 years); males; overweight-obese youth having a mild-to-moderate ID with Down or Prader-Willi syndrome; physical activity interventions; cohort pre- and post-test designs with/without a control group; and changes in body weight and composition. Taken together, results from these studies suggest successful changes in weight, body mass index and fat mass. However, intervention effects on healthy lifestyle and secondary health conditions are scarce and inconclusive. Given the weaknesses of the reviewed studies, the present findings should be considered preliminary and indicative of the need for future research.     

Thyroid Ultrasonography: Pitfalls and Techniques

Thyroid ultrasonography (US) plays a key role in the diagnosis and management of thyroid-related diseases. The aim of this article was to illustrate various pitfalls that can occur in utilizing thyroid US and techniques to prevent them. In this article, we present cases demonstrating the common pitfalls associated with US equipment, performance, normal thyroid structures, misinterpretations, and surrounding structures. Knowledge of these areas is essential to avoid misdiagnosis or improper disease management.     

Evaluating a nursing erasmus exchange experience: Reflections on the use and value of the Nominal Group Technique for evaluation

This paper discusses the use of Nominal Group Technique (NGT) for European nursing exchange evaluation at one university. The NGT is a semi-quantitative evaluation method derived from the Delphi method popular in the 1970s and 1980s. The NGT was modified from the traditional version retaining the structured cycles and but adding a broader group discussion. The NGT had been used for 2 successive years but required analysis and evaluation itself for credibility and ‘fit’ for purpose which is presented here. It aimed to explore nursing students' exchange experiences and aid programme development futures exchanges and closure from exchange. Results varied for the cohorts and students as participants enthusiastically engaged generating ample data which they ranked and categorised collectively. Evaluation of the NGT itself was two fold: by the programme team who considered purpose, audience, inclusivity, context and expertise. Secondly, students were asked for their thoughts using a graffiti board. Students avidly engaged with NGT but importantly also reported an effect from the process itself as an opportunity to reflect and share their experiences. The programme team concluded the NGT offered a credible evaluation tool which made use of authentic student voice and offered interactive group processes. Pedagogially, it enabled active reflection thus aiding reorientation back to the United Kingdom and awareness of ‘transformative’ consequences of their exchange experiences.     

影响卵巢癌患者持续性化疗的相关因素及对策

目的探讨影响卵巢癌患者持续性化疗的相关因素及应采取的相应对策。方法对十堰市人民医院2009年6月～2010年6月妇科收治的30例不愿持续性化疗的卵巢癌患者,通过交谈法、倾听法、电话随访方式进行调查,分析其不愿持续性化疗的原因,进行有针对性的心理疏导、相关知识宣教,并采取经济支持、健康教育、社会支持等措施。结果 30例患者都愉快地接受持续性化疗。结论实施有效的伦理干预、健康教育、社会支持等措施,可以促进卵巢癌患者坚持化疗,以延长其生命并提高其生活质量。     

癌症患者心理韧性的影响因素及护理干预体会

目的：探讨癌症患者的心理韧性特点和影响因素，实施相应的护理干预策略，促进癌症患者的临床护理效果。方法：根据国外心理学专家对心理韧性的研究理论，结合临床不同类型、不同病期癌症患者的心理韧性表现，采取适宜的护理对策。结果：癌症患者心理韧性的异常影响因素有效的得到改善，从而提高癌症患者的自我效能和生存质量，延长生存期。结论：对癌症患者心理韧性的研究进一步细化，为癌症患者的身、心健康提供了一个新视角。