Radiofrequency Ablation of Thyroid Nodules: A Long-Term Prospective Study of 24 Patients

PurposeTo evaluate the volume reduction rate (VRR) of thyroid nodules over a long period of time after radiofrequency (RF) ablation treatment in both solid and mixed nodules; to determine ablation parameters; and to evaluate complications and success rates and safety of RF ablation.Material and MethodsIn this prospective study, 24 patients (83% females and 17% males; age 50.17 ± 13.6 years) underwent ultrasound-guided percutaneous RF ablation of benign thyroid nodules with radiologic follow-up at 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, and 36 months after treatment. All patients presented with compressive or cosmetic complaints and with Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System 1 or 2 nodules under ultrasound and were confirmed to be Bethesda Category II after 2 fine-needle aspirations.ResultsA total of 24 nodules (54.2% solid, 37.5% solid predominance, and 8.3% cystic predominance) were included in this study. Significant results in VRR (%) were found at 24 months and 36 months of 69.92 ± 19.23 and 76.84 ± 15.92, respectively. Furthermore, a logarithmic relationship was found when VRR was plotted over time, in both solid and mixed nodules. No correlations were found with any of the ablation parameters. The success rate reached 72.22% at 12 months, and the total complication rate was 16.67% (12.5% minor complications and 4.2% major complications—1 laryngeal nerve palsy), reaching an 83.3% safety.ConclusionsRF ablation can be an alternative treatment modality in the management of benign symptomatic thyroid nodules. The results show that it is a safe and effective treatment if trans-isthmic approach and moving-shot techniques are correctly followed.     

不同腹腔镜经腹会阴联合切除术治疗低位直肠癌的近中期随访比较

目的分析不同腹腔镜经腹会阴联合切除术治疗低位直肠癌的近中期效果。方法选取2016年1月至2018年5月期间80例低位直肠癌患者病例资料,根据术中盆底腹膜关闭与否,将采用未实施盆底腹膜关闭的腹腔镜经腹会阴联合切除术治疗的40例患者纳入未关闭组,采用腹腔镜经腹会阴联合切除术联合盆底腹膜关闭治疗的40例患者纳入关闭组。采用SPSS 23.0软件进行处理,手术相关指标、生活质量(GQOLI-74)评分以(x±s)表示,独立t检验;并发症发生率用百分比表示,用χ²检验。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果所有患者均顺利完成手术,关闭组手术时间、术中出血量多于未关闭组,肠道功能恢复时间、引流管拔除时间短于未关闭组,并发症发生率低于未关闭组,GQOLI-74评分高于未关闭组(P<0.05)。结论腹腔镜经腹会阴联合切除术中盆腔腹膜关闭能够降低低位宜肠癌患者术后并发症风险,促进术后恢复,提高术后生活质量。     

磁性括约肌增强器治疗胃食管反流病术后不良反应与处理策略

目的拟探讨国产磁性括约肌增强器（MSA）治疗胃食管反流病（GERD）的不良反应与处理策略。 方法按照上海市胸科医院-胜杰康公司磁性括约肌增强器（SS-MSA）临床试验的入排标准,2018年8月至2021年10月共纳入43例GERD患者接受MSA治疗,在腹腔镜下完成SS-MSA植入手术。术后主要疗效评价指标包括24 h酸暴露总时间、受试者服用PPI药物情况及GERD健康相关生活质量评分（GERD-Q）。记录并发症发生情况。本试验已在中国临床试验注册中心注册（注册号：ChiCTR-ONC-16009512）。 结果43例接受MSA治疗患者中,23例完成1年的随访,24 h酸暴露总时间术前9%（6.2%～13.4%）,术后0.4%（0.1%～2.4%）,差异有统计学意义（P<0.001）;术前GERD-HRQL评分为11（8～14）,术后1年为6（6～11）,较术前显著下降,差异有统计学意义（P＝0.001）。受试者术前全部服用质子泵抑制剂（PPI）药物,术后持续性服用PPI药物患者为5例（21.7%,5/23）、入组患者可正常嗳气、打嗝。术后最常见的并发症为吞咽困难,发生率为86%（37/43）,其中95%（35/37例）为轻中度,均在术后1～3个月缓解。2例患者术后1个月左右出现严重吞咽困难,术中分别植入13、14号MSA,均将装置取出。其余腹泻、腹痛、便秘、恶心等并发症,除1例腹泻患者住院治疗外,其余均对症治疗。术后仍有反酸症状持续者27例,短期缓解者13例,存在症状超过3个月的13例,以轻中度为主。1例因反流严重取出装置。1例因胸痛取出装置。 结论SS-MSA手术后并发症主要为吞咽困难,短期内大多数均能缓解。选择好适当型号的MSA装置,良好的术前宣教、术后饮食指导将保证该术式的成功率。     

C-erbB-2在鼻腔、鼻窦鳞状细胞癌组织中的表达及其意义

目的：分析人表皮生长因子受体-2（C-erbB-2）在鼻腔、鼻窦鳞状细胞癌（鼻鳞癌）组织中的表达及其临床意义。方法采用免疫组织化学及RT-PCR方法检测C-erbB-2在62例鼻鳞癌组织、30例鼻息肉组织以及25例正常鼻腔黏膜组织中的表达水平,并分析鼻鳞癌组织中C-erbB-2表达与患者临床病理学特征的相互关系。结果在鼻鳞癌组织中,C-erbB-2的阳性表达率明显高于鼻息肉组织及正常鼻腔黏膜组织（P＜0．05）。同时,鼻鳞癌组织中C-erbB-2的阳性表达率与临床分期、分化程度及有无淋巴结转移等临床病理因素有关（P＜0．05）。结论 C-erbB-2与鼻鳞癌的生长、迁移和侵袭有关,可作为鼻鳞癌辅助诊断及预后判断的指标,有望成为鼻鳞癌临床治疗的新靶点。     

Effects of Mini‐Volume Priming During Cardiopulmonary Bypass on Clinical Outcomes in Low‐Bodyweight Neonates: Less Transfusion and Postoperative Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Support

Mixing of autologous blood with priming volume has relatively significant effects on blood composition, especially in low‐bodyweight neonates. In an effort to reduce these effects, mini‐volume priming (MP) has been applied in cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). The present study was designed to examine the effect of MP on clinical outcomes of low‐bodyweight neonates undergoing open heart surgery.We retrospectively reviewed medical records of low‐bodyweight (2.5 kg or less) neonates who underwent open heart surgery in our center from January 2000 to December 2014. A total of 64 patients were included. MP was introduced in 2007, and became a routine protocol in 2009. Preoperative and intraoperative characteristics included age, bodyweight, RACHS‐1, priming volume, CPB time, and aortic cross‐clamp time, transfusion, and hematocrit during CPB. Clinical outcomes included 30‐day mortality, postoperative extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support, open sternum status, prolonged mechanical ventilation care (>7 days), and acute renal failure. MP was utilized in 39 patients and conventional priming (CP) was used in 25 patients. The priming volume decreased to 126.0 mL in the MP group compared with 321.6 mL in the CP group. Transfusion volume during CPB was 87.3 mL in the MP group versus 226.8 mL in the CP group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.001). Hematocrit at the end of the CPB and maximal decrease of hematocrit during CPB were not significantly different between the two groups. The 30‐day mortality rate was 12.8% in the MP group versus 20.0% in the CP group. Postoperative ECMO support was performed in 5.1% of patients in the MP group versus 17.4% of patients in the CP group. Open sternum status was required in 20.8% of patients in the MP group versus 10.3% of patients in the CP group, and prolonged ventilator care was required in 54.2% of patients in the MP group versus 38.5% of patients in the CP group. However, no statistical significance was measured in any of the clinical outcome measures. Larger priming volume and higher RACHS‐1 were significant risk factors of postoperative ECMO support in univariate and multivariate analysis. The results of the present study suggest that MP may be beneficial in avoiding transfusion without having a significant effect on the hematocrit. Clinical outcomes did not differ between the two groups. However, larger priming volume was a significant risk factor for postoperative ECMO support with RACHS‐1 category.     

MR及动态增强联合表观扩散系数对筛窦腺癌的诊断价值

目的 评价常规MRI及动态增强联合表观扩散系数对筛窦腺癌的诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析8例经手术病理证实的筛窦腺癌的MRI及动态增强征象.8例均行常规MRI和MR动态增强扫描,后处理得到TIC曲线及半定量参数SIpre、SImax、SIpeak、Tpeak、MSI;8例均行MR DWI检查,测量病变实性部分ROI内的表观扩散系数值.结果 常规MRI表现:8例均表现为筛窦软组织肿块,呈等、稍长T1WI及等T2WI信号,累及眼眶骨壁4例,眼前部内容物1例,累及蝶窦1例,累及鼻部皮肤2例.MRI动态增强表现:8例病变均明显强化,TIC曲线整体呈速升-平缓型,SIpre平均值为20,SImax平均值为962.5,SIpeak平均值为867.3,Wpeak平均为第5个时相,MSI平均值为42.4％.表观扩散系数平均值为1.16×10-3mm2/s.结论 MRI及动态增强联合表观扩散系数有利于筛窦腺癌的定位、定性诊断.