Antioxidant,anticholinesterase and tyrosinase inhibition activities,and fatty acids of Crocus mathewii – A forgotten endemic angiosperm of Turkey

Context We report the first ever chemical/biochemical study on Crocus mathewii Kerndorff (Iridaceae) – a Turkish endemic angiosperm. This plant has never been explored for its phytochemistry and bioactivities.

Objective This study explores C. mathewii corm and aerial parts for the chemical and biological properties of hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol and water fractions of the extracts.

Material and methods Plant material (20 g) was extracted by methanol (250?mL?×?5, 3 days each) and fractioned into hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol and water. All fractions were subjected to β-carotene–linoleic acid, DPPH^·, ABTS^·+, CUPRAC, metal chelating and tyrosinase inhibition activities. Hexane fractions were submitted to GC–MS analysis.

Results Ethyl acetate fractions showed excellent IC₅₀ values in DPPH^· (aerial 36.21?±?0.76 and corm 33.87?±?0.02?mg/L) and ABTS^·+ (aerial 33.01?±?0.79 and bulb 27.87?±?0.33?mg/L); higher than the IC₅₀ of the standard α-tocopherol (DPPH 116.25?±?1.97; ABTS 52.64?±?0.37?mg/L), higher than BHA in DPPH (57.31?±?0.25?mg/L), but slightly lower in ABTS (19.86?±?2.73?mg/L). Methanol extract of aerial parts also showed higher activity than α-tocopherol in DPPH (85.56?±?11.51?mg/L) but slightly less (72.90?±?3.66?mg/L) than both the standards in ABTS. Linoleic (aerial 53.9%, corm 43.9%) and palmitic (aerial 22.2%, corm 18%) were found as the major fatty acids.

Discussion and conclusion Some fractions of C. mathewii showed higher antioxidant activities than the standards. There is a need to explore more about this plant.     

Development and validation of a LC–MS/MS method for determination of bivalirudin in human plasma: Application to a clinical pharmacokinetic study

A simple, sensitive and rapid LC–MS/MS method has been developed and validated for the identification and quantification of bivalirudin in human plasma using nafarelin as the internal standard. Following protein precipitation with methanol, the analytes were separated on a C₁₈ column interfaced with a triple-quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer using positive electrospray ionization. Quantification of bivalirudin was conducted by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) of the transitions of m/z 1091.4 → (356.4 + 227.4) for bivalirudin and m/z 662.4 → 328.5 for IS. The lower limit of quantification was 1.25 ng/ml, and the assay exhibited a linear range of 1.25–500 ng/ml. The developed assay method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic (PK) study in healthy volunteers after intravenous administration of bivalirudin.     

五味子酯甲在大鼠体内代谢产物的鉴定

目的 考察五味子酯甲在大鼠体内的代谢转化。方法 采用超高效液相色谱串联四级杆飞行时间质谱(UPLC-TOF-MS/MS)分析鉴定大鼠灌胃五味子酯甲后,其在尿样中的代谢产物。Phenomenex UPLC C₁₈色谱柱,流动相为乙腈-1‰甲酸水,梯度洗脱,质谱仪离子源为电喷雾离子源(ESI),正离子方式检测。结果 经代谢物软件处理后,根据MS/MS给出质谱碎片信息对五味子酯甲代谢产物进行结构推测,共检测到5种代谢产物。结论 五味子酯甲在大鼠体内的代谢途径主要为氧化反应和还原反应。     

超高效液相串联质谱法同时测定保健食品中10种水溶性维生素

目的：建立超高效液相色谱-串联质谱检测方法同时测定保健食品中10种水溶性维生素。方法：样品经过前处理后,采用Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3（2.1×100 mm,1.8μm）色谱柱分离;以0.1%甲酸的甲醇溶液和0.1%甲酸的水溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,通过电喷雾离子源多反应监测（MRM）模式进行检测。结果：10种水溶性维生素在6 min内完成分离,线性关系良好（r≥0.997）,方法检出限在5~250μg·kg^-1之间。3个添加水平的回收率和相对标准偏差RSD（n=6）分别为85.9%~109.5%和1.09%~0.79%。结论：该方法简便、快速、准确、灵敏,适用于保健食品中水溶性维生素的测定。     

血、尿中安眠酮及其代谢物的测定

通过一例安眠酮中毒病人血、尿中安眠酮及其代谢物的测定,描述了用紫外光谱(uv)、气相色谱(GC)和气相色谱质谱(GC/MS)法测定安眠酮及其代谢物的系统分析方法。样品的提取净化采用液一液萃取和固相萃取两种方法,都得到了很好的结果。紫外光谱用于测定血、尿中安眠酮和其代谢物的总量;气相色谱用于测定血、尿中安眠酮原药的含量;气相色谱质谱则用于鉴定血、尿中的安眠酮及其代谢物。除安眠酮外,血、尿中共检出10种安眠酮代谢物,其中包括两种乙酰化代谢物。此法还为临床救治提供指导。     

大鼠肺部给药后血浆中沙丁胺醇浓度的LC-MS/MS测定

建立了LC-MS/MS法测定大鼠血浆中沙丁胺醇浓度,并比较了两种沙丁胺醇气雾剂在大鼠体内的药动学行为.以特布他林为内标,血浆样品经乙酸乙酯液-液萃取.采用Capcell C18柱,流动相为乙腈-0.1%甲酸溶液（6：94）,流速为0.25ml/min.质谱条件为串联四极杆质谱,电喷雾离子源,正离子扫描（ESI＋）;离子选择通道分别为240/148（沙丁胺醇）和226/152（内标）.沙丁胺醇线性范围为0.1～100ng/ml（r=0.9989）,方法回收率为88.6%～107.4%;日内和日间RSD分别低于6.2%和7.3%.两种气雾剂在大鼠体内的药动学参数无显著性差异.     

HPLC-MS/MS法测定大鼠血浆中的知母皂苷B-Ⅱ

目的建立快速、灵敏和准确的大鼠血浆中知母皂苷B-Ⅱ液质联用(HPLC-MS/MS)定量分析方法。方法大鼠血浆样品用乙腈沉淀蛋白,上清液经Alltima HP C18柱(2.1mm×50mm,5μm)分离,采用负离子检测多反应监测模式(MRM)、电喷雾离子化(ESI)对知母皂苷B-Ⅱ进行定量分析,内标为ParisaponinⅠ(重楼皂苷Ⅰ)。检测离子对为知母皂苷B-Ⅱ离子对(m/z919.4→757.4)与"重楼皂苷Ⅰ"离子对(m/z1033.5→901.4)。结果方法的线性范围为5～2000μg·L-1,最低定量下限5μg·L-1。日内精密度<10.9%,日间精密度<6.6%,准确度为-8.6%～7.5%;每样品分析时间为3min。结论该法准确、灵敏、特异,适用于血浆中知母皂苷B-Ⅱ的测定。     

HPLC-MS/MS法测定人体血浆中丙泊酚的浓度及其药动学研究(英文)

目的:采用HPLC-MS/MS法检测人体血浆中丙泊酚的浓度,并将该方法用于临床药动学研究。方法:采用Zorb-ax Eclipse XDB-C18(50 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)色谱柱分离;流动相为甲醇和0.1%氨水二元梯度洗脱系统;流速为0.3 mL.min-1;通过电喷雾离子化电离源(ESI),采用负离子检测。结果:线性范围为0.010～12μg.mL-1,相关系数≥0.99,定量下限为0.010μg.mL-1。日内及日间精密度不高于15%,准确度的相对误差(RE)在-2.0%～5.0%。药代动力学符合三室模型,清除率为0.029 L.min-1.kg-1,中央室分布容积为0.60 L.kg-1,血药浓度消除半衰期t1/2α为0.84 min,t1/2β为6.7 min,t1/2γ为128.7 min。结论:该方法高效、灵敏,特异性强,准确度、精密度好,适用于丙泊酚药物动力学研究。     

UPLC-Q-TOF/MS同时测定强力天麻杜仲胶囊中5种成分的含量

目的 建立UPLC-Q-TOF/MS同时测定强力天麻杜仲胶囊中天麻素、京尼平苷酸、松脂醇二葡萄苷、苯甲酰新乌头原碱及蛇床子素含量的方法。方法 采用Waters ACQUITY UPLC,色谱柱为CORTECSTM C₁₈柱（4.6 mm×150 mm,2.7 μm）,流动相为乙腈（A）-0.1%甲酸水溶液（B）梯度洗脱,电喷雾离子源（ESI）,正负离子模式,质量扫描范围为50~1 200 Da。结果 5种被测成分在线性范围内均具有良好的线性关系（r² ≥ 0.997 4）,平均回收率在99.533%~107.525%,RSD ≤ 2.56%。结论 应用UPLC-Q-TOF/MS法分离效果及重复性好,且快速、简便,可作为强力天麻杜仲胶囊的质量控制方法。     

可疑青光眼患者视野指数与眼底血管变化的关系

目的探讨可疑青光眼者眼底血氧饱和度的基本特征及其与视野指数的关系。方法采用横断面研究设计,对可疑青光眼者及正常对照者应用视网膜血氧饱和度测量仪测量眼底血氧饱和度,同时进行中心30°阈值视野检测;统计分析平均视网膜光敏感度（ MS）、平均视野缺损度（MD）及丢失方差（LV）三个视野指数,以及视网膜血氧饱和度,并进行相关分析。结果可疑青光眼者与正常者MD存在统计学差异（P ＜0．05）;可疑青光眼者平均视网膜动脉血氧饱和度及视网膜鼻下支动脉血氧饱和度与正常者比较存在统计学差异（P ＜0．05）;可疑青光眼者视野检测的MD与NIA存在相关性,（r ＝0．368,P ＝0．045）。结论可疑青光眼者眼底血管可能发生了相应的变化,视网膜血氧饱和度状况与视野指数间存在一定联系。