新型6-位脱氟喹诺酮类抗菌药T-3811ME

6－位氟的引入，使喹诺酮类抗菌药的抗菌作用显著增强。而在寻找新的喹诺酮类抗菌药的过程中发现有几个6－位脱氟喹诺酮化合物较6－位氟取代化合物有更强的抗菌活性，而且毒性更低。其中T－3811ME在各方面的性质尤为突出。T－3811ME对金葡球菌、甲氧西林耐药的金葡球菌、青霉素耐药肺炎链球菌、肺炎支原体、结核杆菌、军团菌、厌氧菌等活性优于目前临床使用的6－氟喹诺酮。T－3811ME的毒性也较低，特别是对动物关节软骨的侵蚀较其他喹诺酮类抗菌药要小。     

SMAD2/3蛋白在沙鼠脑缺血再灌注及氟桂利嗪干预后脑内表达的研究

目的 研究smad2/3在沙鼠脑缺血再灌注脑内表达及氟桂利嗪干预后对其表达的影响.方法 35只沙鼠随机分假手术组、缺血再灌注组和氟桂利嗪治疗组3组,采用夹闭双侧颈总动脉制作沙鼠脑缺血再灌注模型,于缺血10 min再灌注1 d、3 d、7 d各时间点处死动物,用免疫组化方法检测各组沙鼠脑内smad2/3的表达情况.结果 假手术组沙鼠脑内smad2/3弱阳性表达,而缺血再灌注1 d,3 d,7 d后沙鼠脑内呈阳性或强阳性表达,两者比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);氟桂利嗪治疗组smad2/3的表达低于缺血再灌注组,2组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 沙鼠脑内有smad2/3表达,脑缺血再灌注后,脑内smad2/3表达上调;氟桂利嗪干预后,其表达下调.     

早期SANFH大鼠骨组织中CGRP免疫阳性神经纤维的变化及意义

目的 观察降钙素基因相关肽（CGRP）免疫阳性神经纤维在早期激素性股骨头缺血坏死（SANFH）骨组织中的变化,并探讨其意义.方法 采用大剂量冲击造模方法,造成SD大鼠SANFH模型.应用免疫组织化学技术光镜下观察CGRP免疫阳性神经纤维在SANFH负重区骨组织中的变化规律.结果 股骨头软骨下骨髓腔内CGRP免疫阳性神经纤维的数目先增多,后减少（第6周达高峰,为10.28±0.66）,均较正常组增多,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）.结论 （1）CGRP免疫阳性神经纤维在激素性股骨头缺血坏死组织中的分布发生变化;（2）CGRP免疫阳性神经纤维参与激素性股骨头缺血坏死后的修复过程.     

戊巴比妥在顽固性颅内高压中的应用及对脑组织氧分压的影响

Objective To examine the barbiturate infusion for intractable intracranial hypertension and its effect on brain tissue oxygen ( PbtO2 ). Method 60 patients with intractable intracranial hypertension were divided into tow groups, experimental group and control group. PbtO2 and intracranial pressure (ICP) were continuous monitored. Follow-up was more than 3 months and the prognosis was compared between two groups. Results When pentobarbital administration began, the mean PbtO2 [ 72 h: (26. 7 ±6. 7)mmHg] at 24h, 48h and 72h in experimental group were significantly higher than that of control group [ 72 h: ( 21. 1 ± 7. 2) mmHg ] ( P < 0. 05 ). The mean ICP [ 5 d: (2. 48 ± 1.11 ) kPa ] in the third and fifth day of experimental group were lower than that of control group [ 5 d: (3. 12 ± 1.09 ) kPa ]. Prognosis of pentobarbital group was better than control group( P < 0. 05 ). Conclusions Pentobarbital can effectively reduce intracranial pressure in patients with refractory intracranial hypertension and improve brain tissue oxygen. PbtO2 is an ideal monitoring marker, and it can predict prognosis to a certain extent.     

高脂、去β-VLDL高脂和正常家兔血清对巨噬细胞内胆固醇堆积的影响

用高脂、去β-VLDL 高脂和正常家兔血清与小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞培养,观察细胞内 TC、FC、CE 和 Apo—B 含量变化及细胞形态学改变。结果表明:高脂和去β-VLDL 高脂血清可引起细胞内 Ch 堆积,培养后高脂血清组细胞内 TC、FC、CE 和 Apo-B 含量为146.5±14.7、40.3±7.0、106.0±14.2和26.3±2.3μg/mg 细胞蛋白质,差别均有高度显著性(P<0.01);去β-VLDL高脂血清组相应为125.5±3.8、46.1±5.1.79.4±18.1和25.5±3.8μg/mg,细胞蛋白质,差别亦均有高度显著性,电镜下观察到高脂和去β-VLDL 高脂血清均可引起胞浆中大量无膜包裹的脂滴空泡形成。正常血清培养组虽然也有差异,但其数量远较前二者低,且胞浆中无脂滴空泡形成。对β-VLDL 及修饰的 LDL 可引起泡沫细胞的形成作了讨论。     

沙鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤后Hsp22和VEGF表达的变化及神经保护作用

目的 观察蒙古沙鼠前脑缺血再灌注损伤脑组织中Hsp22和VEGF的表达变化,探讨二者表达的相关性和保护机制.方法 将健康雄性蒙古沙鼠45只,随机分为正常对照组、假手术组和脑缺血再灌注(I/R)组.其中假手术组和脑缺血再灌注组又分为4个亚组:6 h组、1 d组、3 d组和7 d组,5只/组.观察各组沙鼠前脑组织的病理变化及Hsp22和VEGF的表达情况.结果 HE染色脑缺血再灌注组根据时间点的不同可见胶质细胞肥大、增生,细胞和细胞间质水肿,神经元坏死.Hsp22和VEGF在沙鼠缺血再灌注前脑组织中的表达趋势相同呈正相关的关系(P<0.05).结论 缺血再灌注沙鼠脑组织中Hsp22和VEGF的表达有关.     

Neonatal and fetal exposure to trans-fatty acids retards early growth and adiposity while adversely affecting glucose in mice

Industrially produced trans-fatty acids (TFAs) consumed in Western diets are incorporated into maternal and fetal tissues and are passed linearly to offspring via breast milk. We hypothesized that TFA exposure in utero and during lactation in infants would promote obesity and poor glycemic control as compared with unmodified fatty acids. We further hypothesized that in utero exposure alone may program for these outcomes in adulthood. To test this hypothesis, we fed female C57/BL6 mice identical Western diets that differed only in cis- or trans-isomers of C18:1 and then aimed to determine whether maternal transfer of TFAs through pregnancy and lactation alters growth, body composition, and glucose metabolism. Mice were unexposed, exposed during pregnancy, during lactation, or throughout pregnancy and lactation to TFA. Body weight and composition (by computed tomography) and glucose metabolism were assessed at weaning and adulthood. Trans-fatty acid exposure through breast milk caused significant early growth retardation (P < .001) and higher fasting glucose (P = .01), but insulin sensitivity was not different. Elevated plasma insulin-like growth factor-1 in mice consuming TFA-enriched milk (P = .02) may contribute to later catch-up growth and leanness and preserved peripheral insulin sensitivity observed in these mice. Mice exposed to TFA in utero underwent rapid early neonatal growth with TFA-free breast milk and had significantly impaired insulin sensitivity (P < .05) and greater abdominal fat (P = .01). We conclude that very early catch-up growth resulted in impaired peripheral insulin sensitivity in this model of diet-related fetal and neonatal programming. Trans-fatty acid surprisingly retarded growth and adiposity while still adversely affecting glucose metabolism.     

Phenylephrine infusion impact on surgical site infections after lower extremity bypass surgery

Objective

Lower extremity bypass (LEB) operations have high rates of surgical site infections (SSI). Phenylephrine is a commonly used vasoconstrictor which may reduce skin blood flow and increase the likelihood of SSI in these patients. We studied the potential effect of phenylephrine infusion during LEB surgery on SSI.

细胞外基质对血管平滑肌细胞桩蛋白和纽蛋白表达的影响

【目的】探讨细胞外基质（extracellular matrix,ECM）对体外培养的血管平滑肌细胞（smooth muscle cells,SMCs）黏着斑（focal adhesions,FAs）分子桩蛋白（paxillin）和纽蛋白（vinculin）表达的影响。【方法】将第4～6代大鼠主动脉SMCs分别种植在涂有纤维连接蛋白（fibronectin,FN）或层黏连蛋白（laminin,LN）的盖玻片上或种植在基质胶内进行培养。采用共聚焦免疫荧光技术检测paxillin和vinculin的表达,并通过FAs分子paxillin／F-aetin和vineulin／F-actin的双重荧光染色显示。【结果】种植在FN上的vinculin表达最低,LN次之,而在Matrigel胶中表达最高;在FN上vinculin在胞质分布较多,在FA＇s较少;而生长在LN基质上和基质胶中vincu1in较多定位在FAs,在胞质分布较少。Vinculin的荧光强度在FN、LN及基质胶中分别为（64．72±7．18）AU／μm2,（89．82±5．11）AU／μm2,（117．19土16．99）AU／μm2,依次增高,且组间比较有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。种植在FN上的paxillin最高,LN上次之,而Matrigel胶中表达最低;基质胶中paxillin主要分布于FAs,而FN上的除分布于FAs外,在胞浆的表达水平也较高。Paxillin的荧光强度在FN、LN及基质胶中分别为（129．87±10．22）AU／μm2、（86．59±9．90）AU／μm2、（56．32±7.54）AU／μm2,依次降低,且组间比较有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。【结论】不同的ECM成分对FAs分子的表达有影响：FN上调paxillin的表达,下调vinculin的表达;而LN和基质胶上调vinculin的表达,下调paxillin的表达。