核因子κB圈套寡核苷酸减轻大鼠移植肝缺血/再灌注损伤的作用和机制

目的探讨抑制枯否（Kupffer）细胞核因子κB（Nuclearfactor-kappaB，NF-κB）活性对减轻大鼠移植肝缺血／再灌注损伤（IRI）的作用和机制。方法建立大鼠肝移植缺血／再灌注损伤模型。实验分正常对照组、缺血／再灌注组和圈套寡核苷酸组，每组均为8只大鼠。圈套寡核苷酸组于移植术前2d经供者尾静脉注入120μg脂质体包裹的NF-κB圈套寡核苷酸。移植再灌注后2h，取各组受者移植肝分离枯否细胞。凝胶迁移变动分析法（EMSA）检测枯否细胞NF-κB蛋白结合活性，逆转录聚合酶链法（RT—PCR）观察枯否细胞肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF—α）和白细胞介素6（IL-6）mRNA的表达，同时观察肝组织病理及肝功能变化。结果缺血／再灌注组移植肝再灌注后2h，枯否细胞NF-κB活性及TNF-α、IL-6 mRNA表达量较对照组明显升高（P〈0．01）。光镜下肝细胞大量变性、坏死，伴有肝血窦明显淤血，血清丙氨酸转氨酶（ALT）和胆红素总量（TBIL）较对照组明显升高（P〈0．01）。相反，圈套寡核苷酸组枯否细胞NF-κB活性及细胞因子mRNA表达与缺血／再灌注组相比明显下降（P〈0．01），移植肝未见明显病理组织学改变，肝功能明显改善。结论NF-κB圈套寡核苷酸能高效抑制枯否细胞NF-κB活性，并抑制其下游有害细胞因子的产生，从而减轻缺血／再灌注损伤对移植肝的打击和损害。     

New perspectives for the use of contrast-enhanced liver ultrasound in clinical practice

The introduction of second-generation microbubble ultrasound contrast agents and the development of contrast specific ultrasound techniques have improved the ability of contrast enhanced ultrasound in detecting and characterising liver lesions, offering new perspectives for its exploitation in clinical hepatology. Indeed, several studies have demonstrated a high diagnostic accuracy in focal lesion characterisation (85-96%) in patients either with or without underlying chronic liver disease. This review article describes the basic principles of contrast enhanced ultrasound, defines the different vascular features of benign and malignant liver lesions, and assesses its clinical impact in different clinical scenarios, according to the guidelines of the European Federation of Societies for Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology, contrast enhanced ultrasound enables the characterisation of focal liver lesions, regardless of the presence or absence of underlying chronic liver disease. Contrast enhanced ultrasound is also useful in staging and follow-up of cancer patients and in monitoring local ablative treatment. Contrast enhanced ultrasound is expected to be considerably increased and replace many computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging examinations in near future, according to the European Federation of Societies for Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology guidelines. Therefore, it is necessary to take measures in order to meet the demand for an increasing number of these procedures.     

肝癌及癌旁组织中P~(53)基因第七外显子转录水平的表达差异及临床意义

目的 :研究启东区肝癌中 P53基因第七外显子转录水平的表达及其与患者临床病理特征间的关系。方法 :通过 RT- PCR确定 P53基因第七外显子在 47对肝癌标本中的表达 ,并分析其与肝癌患者临床病理特征间的关系。结果 :P53基因第七外显子在肝癌及其癌旁组织中均显示差异表达 ,其中 1 7例为上调表达 ,30例为下调表达 ,上下调表达之间差异显著 ;女性、年龄≥ 45岁、AFP( + )、HBs Ag( + )、癌栓 ( + )、肝硬化、病理 Edmondson's 级的病例中 P53基因第七外显子均呈显著下调表达 ;Edmondson's I级病例肝癌组织中 P53基因的 EI显著高于 Edmondson's 级病例。结论 :启东肝癌中 P53基因第七外显子转录水平上存在表达差异 ,且其异常表达与肝癌的临床病理特征有关     

肝移植患者术后住院期间的中枢神经系统并发症

目的探讨肝移植术后住院期间中枢神经系统并发症的发病情况、临床和神经影像学特征及可能的危险因素及预后。方法对中山大学附属第一医院1996年1月至2005年6月间共337例患者的358次肝移植手术进行回顾性研究。结果术后住院期间患者出现中枢神经系统并发症共58例，发生率16．2％，病死率41．4％。最常见的表现为肝移植脑病（10．3％），次之为癫痫（4．5％）和脑血管疾病（2．8％）。与无中枢神经系统并发症的肝移植患者相比，术后发生中枢神经系统并发症者的年龄、是否再次肝移植及病死率差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论肝移植术后住院期间中枢神经系统并发症的发生率及病死率较高，直接影响患者的生活质量及预后。年龄偏大、再次肝移植可能是其危险因素。     

Solitary Small Hepatic Angiosarcoma: Initial and Follow-up Imaging Findings

We report an uncommon case of solitary, small hepatic angiosarcoma that was initially considered as a hemangioma. We present the imaging findings, with an emphasis on the initial and follow-up CT and MR findings, as well as report on the more suggestive findings of angiosarcoma than those of a hemangioma.     

328. Mechanismen der langzeitakzeptanz allogener rattenlebertransplantate: makrophagenaustausch und suppressorzellaktivierung

Summary After orthotopic rat liver transplantation in the fully allogeneic BN (RT-1n) to LEW (RT-11) combination, the phenomenon of spontaneous tolerance of donor antigen occurs. We demonstrate two different immune mechanisms that may account for this process. Using adoptive transfer assays we show the presence of donor-specific T-suppressor lymphocytes in the spleens of long-term surviving liver graft, recipients. These cells prolong - adoptively transferred into irradiated syngeneic hosts — the survival of donor-specific (BN) but not third-party (DA) renal allografts (I00 days vs 1I days in control groups). Secondly, we demonstrate the replacement of Kupffer cells in the graft by recipient macrophages using polymorphic monoclonal antibodies in an immunoperoxidase technique. This may contribute to graft adaptation and thus to long-term graft acceptance.     

儿童多米诺肝移植初步报告

目的探讨儿童多米诺肝移植的可行性和安全性。方法将一成人左外叶移植给家族性高胆固醇血症3岁男性患儿，同时采用多米诺肝移植技术将该患儿的肝脏移植给先天性胆道闭锁4个月女性患儿。结果家族性高胆固醇血症患儿的血清总胆固醇及低密度脂蛋白于术后第三天降至正常范围，手术后第8天死于心力衰竭。先天性胆道闭锁患儿随访16个月，肝肾功能化验正常，血清总胆固醇及低密度脂蛋白分别为8．87mmol／L和6．21mmol／L，明显低于多米诺供体患儿的术前水平。结论尽管术后多米诺受者出现获得性高胆固醇血症，但FHC可以作为多米诺供肝，近期效果满意，远期效果需进一步观察。     

Effect of Carbamazepine on Dopamine Release and Reuptake in Rat Striatal Slices

Carbamazepine has been shown to enhance dopaminergic agonist behavioral effects, but not to displace [3H]spiroperidol binding. To verify if carbamazepine acts presynaptically on dopaminergic neurons, reuptake and release of [3H]dopamine were measured in rat striatal slices in vitro. It was observed that carbamazepine blocked 20% of the reuptake of [3H]dopamine, while cocaine blocked 82% of the reuptake, compared with control. Carbamazepine released 62% and tyramine released 92% of the accumulated [3H]dopamine, compared with control. It was concluded that carbamazepine acts presynaptically on striatal neurons, mainly through enhancement of dopamine release. This finding can be related to some behavioral effects described for carbamazepine; however, the importance of its effects in epileptic and manic-depressive patients remains to be clarified.     

肝康胶囊对慢性肝炎的疗效观察

目的 观察肝康胶囊对慢性乙型肝炎的疗效。方法 36例慢性中度肝炎随机分为二组,治疗组给予肝康胶囊口服,每日3次,每次6～8粒,连服1个月为一疗程,根据病情可连服2～3个疗程;对照组给服大黄蛰虫丸,疗程同前。在服药期间定期查肝功能、γ球蛋白、血清透明质酸(HA)、Ⅲ型前胶原(PCⅢ)、Ⅳ型胶原(C-Ⅳ)和层粘蛋白(LN)。结果 治疗组丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)和总胆红素(TB)下降速度明显快于对照组;自觉症状的改善情况也好于对照组;3个疗程后治疗组各项肝纤维化指标以及γ球蛋白均较治疗前显著下降(P<0.01),而对照组变化不甚明显。结论 肝康胶囊对慢性肝炎有良好的抗纤维化和改善肝功能作用。     

CT图象的面罩式覆盖法定量诊断脂肪肝

目的　探讨脂肪肝的脂肪浸润程度的无创性检查方法及临床意义。方法　用 GE 30 0 0 I CT机扫描 36例脂肪肝患者肝脏、脾脏 ,用 CT机配备软件处理数据 ,面罩式覆盖法计算肝脏各个层面的脂肪面积与对应层面肝脏面积 ,并得出比值 (脂肪浸润指数 )。用生化仪检测肝功能指标。肝穿刺病理检测肝组织内脂肪浸润程度。结果　平均脂肪浸润指数与肝功能状态呈显著正相关 ,亦与肝穿刺的病理结果呈正相关 (r=0 .86 5 ,P<0 .0 1)。结论　 CT图象面罩式覆盖法对脂肪浸润的定量分析是诊断脂肪肝可靠的无创性检查方法 ,对非均匀性脂肪肝该方法优于肝穿刺