Effectiveness and safety of immunization with live-attenuated and inactivated vaccines for pediatric liver transplantation recipients

BackgroundLiver transplantation recipients are at high risk for severe complications due to infections because of being treated with immunosuppressive drugs that affect the immune system. Vaccination for liver transplantation candidates is generally recommended before surgery, but the opportunities for vaccination prior to transplantation in pediatric candidates are often limited by severe disease conditions.MethodsThe participants in this study comprised 39 pediatric recipients of living donor liver transplantation performed between 2005 and 2013. Criteria for administering live-attenuated (measles, rubella, mumps, and varicella) and inactivated (hepatitis B, pertussis, and Japanese encephalitis) vaccines were as follows: (1) >1 year after transplantation; (2) no use of systemic steroids to treat acute rejection within the last 6 months; (3) serum trough concentration of tacrolimus <5 ng/mL; (4) no severe immunosuppression according to blood examinations; and (5) provision of written informed consent. Median age at transplantation was 17 months, and median period from transplantation to the beginning of immunization was 18 months.ResultsSeroprotection rates for measles, rubella, mumps, varicella, hepatitis B, pertussis, and Japanese encephalitis after post-transplant immunization were 44% (11/25), 70% (19/27), 48% (12/25), 32% (6/19), 83% (19/23), 87% (13/15), and 88% (7/8), respectively. Seroprotection rates for measles, rubella, mumps, and varicella after second vaccination for recipients with primary vaccine failure after first vaccination were 100% (8/8), 50% (1/2), 71% (5/7), and 50% (5/10), respectively. While four recipients contracted mumps and eight contracted varicella before immunization, one recipient developed varicella after immunization. No serious systemic adverse events were observed in vaccinated recipients.ConclusionsSeroprotection rates for measles, mumps, and varicella appeared low in children after the first post-transplantation vaccination. Immunizations with four live-attenuated and three inactivated vaccines were safe and effective for pediatric liver transplantation recipients who were not severely immunosuppressed.     

中药正肝汤对乙型肝炎肝硬化患者血清瘦素、脂联素水平以及胰岛素抵抗影响的分析

目的 观察中药制剂正肝汤治疗乙型肝炎(乙肝)肝硬化患者对其血清瘦素(LEP)、脂联素(ADP)水平及胰岛素抵抗(IR)的影响。方法 将入选的66例乙肝肝硬化患者随机分为对照组(31例)和治疗组(35例), 其中对照组选用肌苷片和维生素C口服治疗, 治疗组在此基础上, 应用正肝汤治疗, 疗程为3个月, 测定治疗前后患者血清LEP、ADP水平及IR指数。结果 对照组血清LEP、ADP水平和IR指数与治疗前比较, 差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗组血清LEP、ADP水平和IR指数较治疗前明显下降, 差异有统计学意义(P<0.05), 治疗组血清LEP和ADP水平与对照组比较, 差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 正肝汤治疗乙肝肝硬化患者具有降低血清LEP、ADP水平, 并有改善IR的作用。     

脂肪肝患者血脂及肝功能生化指标变化分析

目的：观察脂肪肝患者血脂及肝功能生化指标变化情况。方法选择收治的80例脂肪肝患者为研究对象,选择同期入院行健康体检者40例为对照组。比较2组血脂及肝功能指标变化情况。结果观察组甘油三酯（2.61±1.21）mmol/L,总胆固醇(6.23±0.51)mmol/L含量显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。观察组HDL-C（1.06±0.42）mmol/L与对照组(1.24±0.41)mmol/L相比,差异无统计学意义。观察组AST（81.7±10.8）U/L、ALT（52.8±10.5）U/L、GGT（57.1±7.4）U/L显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论脂肪肝的形成与脂肪代谢障碍有关,对脂肪肝患者进行肝功能、血脂检测利于早期诊断及防治脂肪肝。     

肝硬化食管胃底静脉曲张及出血的非侵入性临床检查研究

目的 研究分析非侵入性临床检查在肝硬化食管胃底静脉曲张及出血的应用,为临床诊断提供参考意见.方法 选取肝硬化食管胃底静脉曲张及出血患者作为观察组(n=20),并选取同期住院患者中明确诊断为肝硬化合并食管胃底静脉曲张未破裂出血的病例作为对照组(n=20)进行研究,对比分析2组患者血小板计数(PLT)、血小板压积(PCT)、血小板平均体积(MPV)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、凝血酶原时间(PT)、凝血酶时间(TT),腹部超声及CT相关指标即门静脉直径(PV)及脾静脉直径(SV)等.结果 观察组患者PLT、PCT、MPV较对照组明显降低(P相似文献   

加味赤石脂禹余粮汤联合热敏灸治疗肝硬化腹水并顽固性腹泻疗效观察

【目的】观察加味赤石脂禹余粮汤联合热敏灸对肝硬化腹水并顽固性腹泻的临床疗效。【方法】选择肝硬化腹水并顽固性腹泻患者60例,随机分为治疗组与对照组各30例,对照组采用西医常规疗法加中药加味赤石脂禹余粮汤治疗,治疗组在对照组治疗基础上加用热敏灸疗法,观察2组患者腹泻、腹水及肝功能指标[总胆红素(TBIL)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、白蛋白(ALB)、前白蛋白(PA)]改善情况。【结果】(1)腹泻疗效:治疗组总有效率为100.00%,优于对照组的86.67%(P<0.05)。(2)腹水疗效:经彩超检查,治疗后2组的肝硬化腹水均有显著改善(P<0.05),且治疗组疗效优于对照组(P<0.05)。(3)肝功能作用:治疗后,2组TBIL、ALT、AST、ALB、PA指标均显著改善(P<0.05),且治疗组的改善作用均优于对照组(P<0.05)。(4)不良反应及随访情况:治疗过程中,治疗组与对照组均未发生明显不良反应。3个月后随访,对照组腹泻治愈患者中复发5例,治疗组无复发病例。【结论】加味赤石脂禹余粮汤联合热敏灸对肝硬化腹水并顽固性腹泻患者疗效显著,具有止泻迅速、应用方便、安全可靠等优点,并且有加速腹水消退、促进肝功能恢复的作用。     

Characterization of SCCA-IgM as a biomarker of liver disease in an Asian cohort of patients

Viral hepatitis infection is a major global issue and a leading cause of liver disease and associated deaths. Over time, patients infected with hepatitis B (HBV) or C virus (HCV) develop cirrhosis and, eventually, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). For this reason, they need to be constantly monitored. Current Asian guidelines recommend the determination of serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) together with liver ultrasounds every six months to detect HCC nodules. However, both methods have several limitations, and other biomarkers have been studied for monitoring cirrhosis, including SCCA-IgM, an immune-complex formed by Squamous Cell Carcinoma Antigen and IgM. To date, SCCA-IgM has been validated as a novel biomarker for liver diseases only in European populations. The aim of our study was to analyze SCCA-IgM as a biomarker to monitor cirrhosis evolution in an Asian cohort of patients and to compare its performance to that of AFP. We analyzed the concentration of AFP and SCCA-IgM in serum samples obtained from a group of Asian adult patients with cirrhosis or HCC and a control group of patients admitted for gastrointestinal disorders. In untreated patients and similarly to AFP, SCCA-IgM levels were significantly higher in patients with cirrhosis compared to those with HCC. In addition, SCCA-IgM, but not AFP serological levels, were significantly lower in HCC patients who were treated with surgical resection compared to those who received a different therapy.     

Real-time elastography evaluation of differential penetrating liver trauma in a rabbit model

Background

Real-time ultrasound elastography (RTE) is used to examine liver fibrosis and benign and malignant lesions, but its use for the diagnosis of liver trauma has not been examined. The purpose of this study was to examine the use of RTE for the evaluation of differential penetrating liver trauma in a rabbit model.

Morphological and Molecular Discrimination of Fasciola Species Isolated From Domestic Ruminants of Urmia City,Iran

Background:

The trematodes of the genus Fasciola (the liver flukes) are among the well-known instances of food-borne parasites worldwide. Differentiation of Fasciola species is important because of their different transmission and epidemiological characteristics. The current study was undertaken to discriminate Fasciola species in the domestic ruminants of Urmia city, Iran.

Methods:

Adult flukes were isolated from the naturally infected livers of the slaughtered water buffaloes and sheep. The flukes were initially identified based on morphological and morphometric parameters. A 618-bp-long fragment of the 28SrRNA gene of Fasciola was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The amplified fragment was digested by DraII or AvaII enzymes for a restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis and sequenced for the phylogenetic tree construction.

Results:

Based on the morphometric examination, the flukes belonged to F. hepatica, F. gigantica and an intermediate Fasciola form. The PCR-RFLP analysis was able to differentiate F. hepatica from F. gigantica. While the phylogenetic reconstruction justified, to some extent, the morphological diagnosis, it failed to segregate F. hepatica from F. gigantica identified in this and the previous studies.

Conclusion:

To resolve fully the problem of taxonomy and evolution in Fasciola species, employing a broad range of molecular and morphological approaches is necessary. This is crucial for epidemiological surveys and successful clinical management of their infection.     

帕瑞昔布钠对肝炎肝硬化患者术后镇痛效果及凝血功能的影响

目的探讨麻醉诱导前应用帕瑞昔布钠在肝炎肝硬化患者术后镇痛效果及对凝血功能的影响。方法择期行脾切除断流手术的肝炎肝硬化患者40例随机均分为两组,P组于麻醉前10min静脉注射帕瑞昔布钠40mg,C组应用等体积生理盐水。两组术毕均行舒芬太尼静脉自控镇痛(PCIA)。记录术后24h内PCIA泵按压次数,计算舒芬太尼总量,观察不良反应发生情况。检测用药前、用药后30min和12h的凝血酶原时间(PT)、凝血酶时间(TT)、激活部分凝血酶原时间(APTT)、纤维蛋白原(Fib)和血小板计数(Plt)。结果 P组术后24h内PCIA泵按压次数、有效按压次数、恶心、呕吐发生率和舒芬太尼总量均少于C组(P<0.05)。两组各时间点PT、TT、APTT、Fib和Plt比较均无统计学差异。结论肝炎肝硬化患者麻醉诱导前应用帕瑞昔布钠40mg可减少术后镇痛药用量及不良反应的发生,且不影响凝血功能。