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71.
By a double-labeling method combining the retrograde tracing of horseradish peroxidase and the immunocytochemical technique, serotonin-like immunoreactive neurons in the midbrain periaqueductal gray (PAG) and nucleus raphe dorsalis (DR) of the rat were observed to send projection fibers to the nucleus parafascicularis of the thalamus bilaterally with an ipsilateral dominance. These serotonin-containing projecting neurons were observed mainly at the middle-caudal levels of the ventrolateral subdivision of the PAG and less at the middle-rostral levels of the DR. 相似文献
72.
73.
Abstract: Lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) has gone from a rare form of mammary cancer to a marker of increased risk. Treatment options have undergone a corresponding change from ipsilateral mastectomy with axillary node dissection to observation once it became clear that the majority of patients did not progress to invasive cancer. However, recent events suggest a re-evaluation of LCIS management options. It is clear that even meticulous observation may fail to detect invasive cancer before systemic spread has taken place. This fact plus the identification of breast cancer genes have brought a renewed interest in prophylactic mastectomy. At the same time pathologists feel that it is possible to identify microscopic features of LCIS pointing to an increased likelihood of developing invasive cancer. As a result physicians are being asked to better quantitate risks for individual patients. Most patients with LCIS do not need bilateral mastectomies, but we are coming closer to identifying the minority that would be better served by prophylactic surgery. 相似文献
74.
F. Schmidt R. Stollberger M. Pedevilla J. Simbrunner K. Hartwagner F. Ebner 《European Surgery》1997,29(3):115-117
Zusammenfassung
Grundlagen: Der Zweck war es, die Anzahl der im Mammogramm entdeckten duktalen Carcinoma in situ (DCIS) und multizentrische Karzinome
aufzudecken. Die verschiedenen Methoden der Biopsie werden diskutiert.
Methodik: Rastermammographie (Fokus 0,3 mm) und hochaufl?sende Sonographie (7,5 bis 10 MHz) wurden bei Brustkrebspatientinnen eingesetzt.
Ergebnisse: Der Zeitraum der aufgelisteten Patientinnen erstreckt sich über 20 Jahre. Die Zahl der DCIS hat in den letzten Jahren zugenommen
und betr?gt nun 18%. Die Mammographie ist hoch sensitiv für Entdeckung von Mikrokalzifikationen. Die Spezifit?t ist gering.
Schlu?folgerungen: Die Anzahl der entdeckten DCIS ist in den letzten Jahren besonders angestiegen und wird auch noch weiter bei Verbesserung
der mammographischen Techniken ansteigen.
Diese Studie wurde vom Ludwig-Boltzmann-Institut für radiologisch-physikalische Tumordiagnostik unterstützt. 相似文献
75.
The in-vitro oestradiol (E2) and progesterone (P) production by corpora lutea (CL) obtained at sterilization from 30 untreated women and 43 women treated with norethisterone (NET) 300 micrograms daily was measured. The CL were obtained at different stages of the luteal phase in the untreated women [luteinizing hormone (LH) 0 to +3, n = 7; LH +4 to +7, n = 7; LH +8 to +11, n = 9; LH +12 to menses, n = 7] and on days LH +8 to +11 or cycle days 22 to 26 in the NET-treated women. In the treated women, four types of ovarian reaction were identified. Four women showed ovarian reaction Type A (completely inhibited ovarian activity), 14 women Type B (marked follicular activity, but no luteal function), 12 women Type C (normal follicular activity, followed by insufficient luteal function) and 13 women Type D (apparently normal follicular and luteal activity). The CL were incubated in Eagle's medium with and without stimulation by human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) for 2 and 4 h. In the untreated women, P and E2 production increased significantly with both incubation time and stimulation by HCG throughout the luteal phase, except in the late luteal phase (LH +12 to menses) where P increased (P less than 0.01) only after 4 h stimulation by HCG. The maximal production of P was found after 4 h incubation with HCG stimulation of CL tissue in the early-mid luteal phase (LH +4 to +7).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献
76.
T. Vander M. Medvedovsky I. Shelef L. Duchano A. Tomer Y. Herishanu 《European journal of neurology》2004,11(8):569-571
While a dural sinus thrombosis (DST), is a well-known consequence of the use of oral contraceptives, the role of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in DST was not previously evaluated. We report two postmenopausal women, presenting with DST under HRT. Antiphospholipid antibodies in one case and borderline protein S deficiency in another were diagnosed. Only five cases of DST under HRT were previously reported and in two of them additional prothrombotic risk factors were found. According to these and previous cases, HRT is not an independent risk factor for DST. 相似文献
77.
78.
老年2型糖尿病患者胰岛素抵抗相关指标的检测和意义 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
目的:探讨老年2型糖尿病胰岛素抵抗(IR)及其相关性,为老年2型糖尿病的合理防治提供临床依据。方法:选择120例老年2型糖尿病患者,按胰岛素敏感指数(HOMA)胰岛素抵抗(HOMA-IR)50百分位点将患者分为两组:胰岛素相对敏感组(HOMA-IR<3.56)和胰岛素相对抵抗组(HOMA-IR≥3.56),比较体重指数(BMI)、腰/臀比(WHR)、血压、血生化学检查等指标。用年龄>40岁,<60岁的2型糖尿病患者做对照组。结果:两组老年患者在年龄、性别、舒张压、空腹血糖、胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白、糖化血红蛋白、HOMA胰岛β细胞功能方面无差异;但BMI、WHR、收缩压、甘油三脂、空腹胰岛素、HOMA-IR差异具有显著性。多线性回归分析后,只有腰/臀比、收缩压、甘油三脂、HOMA-IR存在统计学差异。老年患者与对照组相比,IR发生率明显增加,且两者腰/臀比、收缩压、甘油三脂方面也差异显著。结论:IR与老年2型糖尿病密切相关,是临床防治糖尿病的重要靶点。 相似文献
79.
Complications associated with maxillary nerve block anaesthesia via the greater palatine canal 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Anthony M. Sved John D. Wong Head Peter Donkor James Horan Leesa Rix Justin Curtin and Russell Vickers 《Australian dental journal》1992,37(5):340-345
This paper documents the type, frequency and duration of complications associated with regional anaesthesia of the maxillary nerve via the greater palatine canal in a series of 101 patients treated in the Oral Surgery Department, United Dental Hospital of Sydney. 相似文献
80.
P. J. Donald 《European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology》2007,264(7):713-717
The purpose of this paper is to detail the contraindications for surgery, with curative intent for those patients who suffer
from a head and neck malignancy that invades the intracranial space. This is based on a 30-year experience of over 250 patients.
The most important contraindications are anatomical. Surgery is not done if the following structures are invaded: brain stem,
eloquent portions of the cerebrum, superior sagittal sinus, both internal carotid arteries, both cavernous sinuses and certain
vital bridging veins. Certain tumor factors are absolute but are occasionally relative contraindications: such as distant
metastatic disease especially if multiple and at multiple anatomic sites. Some tumors that behave in a particularly virulent
fashion that defy complete resection but are often difficult to predict preoperatively. Lack of patient medical fitness or
absence of patient commitment to the operative procedure is make-up two serious contraindications to surgery.
Presented at the 77th Annual Meeting of the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, 24–28 May 2006,
Mannheim, Germany. 相似文献