椎体成形术中椎管内骨水泥渗漏对临床疗效的影响

目的探讨椎体成形术中椎管内骨水泥渗漏对临床疗效的影响。方法回顾性分析2009年10月至2011年12月柳州市工人医院收治的260例（337椎）骨质疏松性压缩骨折（OVCF）患者的临床资料,采用经皮穿刺椎体成形术（PVP,238例）或经皮穿刺球囊扩张椎体成形术（PKP,22例）治疗。术后通过X线片和CT检查评估骨水泥渗漏情况,对符合评价标准椎管内骨水泥渗漏占椎管面积百分比等指标进行计算。同时采用视觉模拟评分法（VAS）和Oswestry功能障碍指数（ODI）进行疗效评估,并观察脊髓神经损伤情况。结果 X线片和CT检查显示椎管内渗漏分别为48例（56椎）和84例（93椎）。符合评价标准的椎管内骨水泥渗漏者37例（44椎）,其中T1～T10段和T11～L1段骨水泥渗漏占椎管面积平均百分比分别为（30.8±1.5）%和（28.2±1.1）%。260例（337椎）患者手术前后VAS和ODI比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;37例（44椎）椎管内骨水泥渗漏者术后VAS、ODI与其他患者比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,其中3例（5椎）出现神经根性灼痛、麻木症状,其他均表现为阴性症状。结论椎体成形术中椎管内骨水泥渗漏率较高,但对手术疗效并无明显影响。加强监控、严格掌握手术适应证及良好的手术技巧可减少椎管内骨水泥渗漏的发生。     

经皮椎体成形术治疗非骨质疏松性椎体骨折的疗效研究

目的：探讨经皮球囊撑开椎体成形术治疗非骨质疏松性椎体骨折患者的疗效。方法：随机抽取我科2010年1月至2011年1月经皮椎体成形术（ PKP ）手术患者,30例骨质疏松性椎体骨折及30例新鲜骨折,对比PKP 手术后视觉模拟评分（ visual ananlog scale , VAS）评价患者的疼痛程度,椎体高度恢复,Cobb角纠正程度。结果：60例患者68个椎体经过PKP 治疗后,VAS评分,Cobb角,椎体高度均无显著性差异。结论：P KP手术治疗非骨质疏松性椎体骨折可行,可靠,安全,长期效果好。     

胰十二指肠切除改良胰管空肠吻合预防胰瘘

目的: 分析胰十二指肠切除术(PD)胰管空肠端侧粘膜对粘膜及胰管空肠套入式吻合方式,以其预防术后胰瘘发生。 方法: 2003年1月～2007年1月回顾性分析25例PD的临床资料,残胰的重建方式分别按胰管空肠粘膜对粘膜套入式端侧吻合,胰管支撑管胰液体外引流。 结果: PD24例术后恢复顺利,未发生胰瘘;1例术后腹腔创面广泛渗血,多器官功能衰竭围手术期死亡,其余随访无远期并发症。 结论: PD胰管空肠端侧粘膜对粘膜套入式吻合有明显避免胰瘘及并发症的发生,真正临床应用价值有待更大量的对照随机前瞻性大样本研究才能作出正确可靠的评价。     

经皮椎体成形术渗漏的分型及防治

目的 探讨经皮椎体成形术（pvp）骨水泥渗漏的分型及防治。方法 选择老年性骨质疏松性锥体压缩骨折及椎体血管瘤患者38例（男性11人，女性27人）应用经皮椎体成形术治疗。结果 随访8～16个月，疗效评定采用WHO标准，CR＋PR为100％。并对该组患者pvp术后骨水泥渗漏的情况进行分型，将之分为三型，并针对不同的分型提出治疗方案。结论 通过术前及骨水泥的准备、术中监控、麻醉的选择等以防止骨水泥渗漏。骨水泥渗漏Ⅰ、Ⅱ型、Ⅲ。型无需采取治疗，Ⅲ。型则必须采取开放手术治疗，椎体蛋壳技术＋开放椎体成形术是治疗Ⅲ。型pvp术后骨水泥渗漏的有效方法。     

Vascular Anatomy of the Rectal Stump After Total Mesorectal Excision

Purpose For many years, poor vascularization of the short rectal stump has been considered the main cause of leakage. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the vascularization of the rectal stump after total mesorectal excision. Methods We studied the iliac vascularization on 28 volunteers with healthy rectum to have an anatomic basis. Then, we studied the vascularization of the rectal stumps after total mesorectal excision by using angio computed tomography at seven and three months after operating on 22 patients; we validated this technique by studying the vascularization using angio computed tomography in 18 rectal specimens from cadavers. Results Both in healthy rectums and in rectal stumps after total mesorectal excision, there is good vascularization substained by middle and inferior rectal arteries. The former is more important and frequent as described in previous literature. Conclusions The vascularization of the short rectal stump is generally well represented even after total mesorectal excision. Reprints are not available.     

高频电刀分析仪的研制及测试结果分析

目的:设计和开发一种便于携带的高频电刀分析仪,用于测量高频电刀的输出功率和漏电流等性能指标.方法:利用热电转换器件将高频电刀的功率信号转换成直流电压,再对直流电压进行模数转换.结果:模数转换的结果经过系统中单片机运算后,得到功率和漏电流的参数值.上述结果最终通过液晶屏显示.最后,对主要技术指标进行测试,并对测试数据进行分析.结论:我们设计的高频电刀测试仪样机的功率和漏电流测量精度满足设计要求.     

Apical sealing of root canal fillings performed with five different endodontic sealers: analysis by fluid filtration

Objectives

To evaluate the sealing ability of five root canal sealers, including two experimental cements (MBP and MTA-Obtura) using the fluid filtration method.

Material and Methods

Teeth were divided into 5 study groups: G1-AH Plus; G2-Acroseal; G3-Sealapex; G4-MBP; G5-MTA-Obtura; and two controls. Chemical-mechanical preparation was performed with ProFile rotary nickel-titanium instruments 1 mm short of the apical foramen. The sealing ability was evaluated by fluid filtration at 15, 30, and 60 days.

Results

The statistical analysis showed significant difference between the materials at different periods (p<0.05). AH Plus and MBP had similar leakage values at 15 and 60 days, alternating with significant reduction at 30 days, while the other materials showed progressive increase in leakage values. Acroseal and Sealapex presented the best results at 15 days and the worst at 60 days.

Conclusions

All sealers evaluated presented fluid leakage, with AH Plus and MBP showing the best results at the end of the experimental period. Acroseal, Sealapex, and MTA-Obtura presented increase in leakage values at longer observation periods.     

Prediction and diagnosis of colorectal anastomotic leakage: Asystematic review of literature简

Although many studies have focused on the preoperative risk factors of anastomotic leakage after colorectal surgery (CAL), postoperative delay in diagnosis is common and harmful. This review provides a systematic overview of all available literature on diagnostic tools used for CAL. A systematic search of literature was undertaken using Medline, Embase, Cochrane and Web-of-Science libraries. Articles were selected when a diagnostic or prediction tool for CAL was described and tested. Two reviewers separately assessed the eligibility and level of evidence of the papers. Sixty-nine articles were selected (clinical methods: 11, laboratory tests: 12, drain fluid analysis: 12, intraoperative techniques: 22, radiology: 16). Clinical scoring leads to early awareness of probability of CAL and reduces delay of diagnosis. C-reactive protein measurement at postoperative day 3-4 is helpful. CAL patients are characterized by elevated cytokine levels in drain fluid in the very early postoperative phase in CAL patients. Intraoperative testing using the air leak test allows intraoperative repair of the anastomosis. Routine contrast enema is not recommended. If CAL is clinically suspected, rectal contrast-computer tomography is recommended by a few studies. In many studies a “no-test” control group was lacking, furthermore no golden standard for CAL is available. These two factors contributed to a relatively low level of evidence in the majority of the papers. This paper provides a systematic overview of literature on the available tools for diagnosing CAL. The study shows that colorectal surgery patients could benefit from some diagnostic interventions that can easily be performed in daily postoperative care.     

两件式造口袋在腹部渗漏伤口中的应用

目的：探讨使用两件式造口袋进行腹部伤口渗液收集的效果。方法：随机选择本科出现腹部伤口渗漏的20例患者,应用两件式造口袋收集渗液,观察伤口周围皮炎的发生率,观察渗液引流和瘘口愈合情况。结果：伤口周围皮炎的发生率明显降低,换药间隔时间延长,窦道愈合时间缩短,患者舒适度明显提高。结论：应用两件式造口袋进行渗液的收集,避免渗液浸渍皮肤,有效地预防刺激性皮炎,促进窦道的愈合,同时减少了换药频次,节约了医疗资源。     

直肠低位前切除术后吻合口瘘的处理与预防（附24例报告）

目的：探讨直肠低位前切除术后吻合口瘘的治疗措施及术中处理细节.方法：对我院2008年1月至2012年12月期间直肠低位前切除术后出现吻合口瘘患者的临床资料进行回顾分析.结果：510例行直肠低位前切除术的患者中,24例术后出现吻合口瘘,吻合口瘘发生率4.7%;吻合口瘘发生于术后4天～25天（中位8天）;该24例患者中,8例（33.3%）行肠造瘘手术,16例（66.7%）行局部置管冲洗引流,配合全身营养支持治愈;无患者死亡.结论：大多数吻合口瘘都可以通过保守治疗痊愈,术中精细操作,确保肠段的血供和无张力吻合是预防直肠低位前切除术后吻合口瘘的关键.