Characteristics of bone mineral density and soft tissue composition of obese Japanese women: Application of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry

We studied the characteristics of bone mineral density (BMD) and soft tissue composition in obese Japanese women using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Eighty-nine women, aged 45–85 years, were divided into three groups according to their body mass index (BMI): a thin group (n = 38; BMI < 21), a standard weight group (n = 31; BMI, 21–25), and an obese group (n = 20; BMI ≥ 25). The mean BMD of the second to fourth lumbar vertebrae and BMD of the lumbar spine, thoracic spine, pelvis, legs, and ribs of the thin group were significantly lower than those of the standard weight group or the obese group (P < 0.05), whereas no significant difference in total body BMD was observed among the three groups. There was a significant difference in total and regional fat mass among the three groups (P < 0.05). Lean mass of legs and total lean mass showed a significant difference between the thin group and the obese group (P < 0.05). The results showed that obesity was associated with higher BMD of weight bearing-bones and ribs, high total and regional fat mass, and high lean mass of bilateral legs and total lean mass. We suggest that obesity may contribute to the prevention of bone loss of weight-bearing bones and ribs and muscular atrophy of the legs. Received: Sept. 30, 1998 / Accepted: Dec. 10, 1998     

Editor's note for debate Sporadic dementia of Alzheimer type: Role of amyloid in etiology is challenged

Summary Alzheimer's disease is a heterogenous neurodegenerative disorder. Whereas only a minority is due to genetic abnormalities and mostly with early onset, the majority of all Alzheimer cases is sporadic and with late onset. Therefore, in the latter, age-related disturbances in cellular metabolism may come into focus with respect to the etiopathogenesis rather than the primary formation of amyloid. In this Editor's note for debate, the role of amyloid as a causative factor of sporadic Alzheimer's disease is challenged. Instead, as a possible primary abnormal event in sporadic Alzheimer's disease, the perturbations in neuronal glucose metabolism and the subsequent ATP deficit with its impacts on the secondary amyloid formation are discussed to open a new field of research and another aspect for debate.     

Photodynamic therapy in the bladder: Can the light dose be easily quantified?

The shape of the bladder and the optical characteristics of the tissue within the wall can be shown to play an important role in the amount of light actually received at the wall. The use of estimated doses even assuming spherical geometry, cannot therefore be relied upon. This paper describes some experimental work carried out on a glass model that was used to simulate the bladder. A specially constructed dual detector was used which consisted of an isotropic probe and semiconductor detector. This enabled measurements of irradiance and space irradiance (light energy fluence rate) to be made simultaneously. By changing the optical characteristics of the wall a four-fold increase in space irradiance was measured. Contamination of the water contained within the model by blood was also investigated and has shown that with concentrations as low as 0.5% the delivered light dose reaching the wall can be reduced by up to 50% at a wavelength of 510 nm. Some in vivo measurements are also presented together with some comments on the difficulties that have been encountered when transferring measurements from the model to the patient.     

褪黑素与能量代谢

本文从季节性动物体重的改变这一自然现象与光照周期的改变之间的关系，讨论了褪黑素调节能量代谢的可能机制及其与人类肥胖的相关性。     

The relationship between dietary fat intake and risk of colorectal cancer: evidence from the combined analysis of 13 case-control studies

The objective of this study was to examine the effects of the intakeof dietary fat upon colorectal cancer risk in a combined analysis of datafrom 13 case-control studies previously conducted in populations withdiffering colorectal cancer rates and dietary practices. Original datarecords for 5,287 cases of colorectal cancer and 10,470 controls werecombined. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate odds ratios (OR)for intakes of total energy, total fat and its components, and cholesterol.Positive associations with energy intake were observed for 11 of the 13studies. However, there was little, if any, evidence of anyenergy-independent effect of either total fat with ORs of 1.00, 0.95, 1.01,1.02, and 0.92 for quintiles of residuals of total fat intake (P trend =0.67) or for saturated fat with ORs of 1.00, 1.08, 1.06, 1.21, and 1.06 (Ptrend = 0.39). The analysis suggests that, among these case-control studies,there is no energy-independent association between dietary fat intake andrisk of colorectal cancer. It also suggests that simple substitution of fatby other sources of calories is unlikely to reduce meaningfully the risk ofcolorectal cancer.     

复方蚁酒的抗炎补肾阳作用研究

复方蚁酒能明显抑制二甲苯、琼脂引起的小鼠耳、足肿胀、抑制蛋清引起的大鼠足肿胀和佐剂性关节炎，并能对抗氢化考的松引起的肾阳虚症，同时还具有增强免疫功能的作用。     

Outcome from Complex Neurosurgery: An Evidence Based Approach

Summary ? Background. The aim of this study was to determine outcome, including quality of life, after surgery for petroclival meningioma using a standard skull base approach and to carry out an evidence based appraisal of the relevant literature.  Method. Pre- and post-operative data including adverse events were prospectively recorded in 19 patients (15 females, age range 29–63) undergoing a transpetrous approach for a petroclival meningioma. Patients were assessed using the GOS and SF-36 post operatively.  Findings. 24 operations were done. 6 patients developed a new permanent neurological deficit and 10 experienced a temporary deficit or exacerbation of existing deficits. At 1 year 15 patients had made a good/moderate recovery, 3 were severely disabled and 1 died – in keeping with other studies. By contrast the SF-36 showed that in all 8 categories of the SF-36 between 39–72% of surviving patients were functioning below the accepted norms.  Interpretation. After transpetrous excision of a petroclival meningioma the quality of life for the patient is worse than that indicated in surgeons' reported results. This paper represents an attempt to address the issue of evidence-based medicine and finds that such an approach is not apparent in the medical literature on this pathology. While we argue that methods for measuring outcome should be refined and carers input recognised it does raise certain philosophical considerations. It is the counsel of perfection and if achieved may lead to surgeons operating on fewer patients, more petroclival cases being viewed as inoperable because of the higher morbidity, despite there being an inescapable pathway to surgical intervention.     

浙江省台州中学学生膳食营养调查

目的:为了正确了解中学生的营养状况,从而指导学生科学用膳,促进学生健康,提高学习质量.方法:以浙江台州中学学生为对象,进行一周的营养膳食调查.结果:经过计算、分析、比较,认为该校学生的蛋白质、热能、钙、维生素A等营养素摄入量不足,且热能来源比例不合理,有待合理调整和安排日常膳食.     

某高校教职工健康状况调查

目的　了解我校教职工健康状况和疾病谱特征 ,为制定预防措施提供依据。方法　对 1 75 2名教职工健康检查数据进行统计分析。结果　我校教职工平均患病率为 88.30 % ,患病率随年龄增长而上升。高脂血症患病率最高 ,占 4 5 .89%。结论　加强高校保健服务 ,开展针对教职工的健康教育 ,是今后高校卫生保健工作的重要内容