Analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of Buddleja globosa, Buddlejaceae

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Buddleja globosa, known as "matico", is employed in Chile for wound healing. AIM OF THE STUDY: To validate the traditional use of the crude drug through in vivo and in vitro evaluation of the anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antioxidant properties of its extracts. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sequential hexane, dichloromethane, methanol and total methanol extracts were studied using bioguided fractionation. The following activities were investigated: analgesic (writhing test), oral and topic anti-inflammatory (paw- and ear-induced edema), free radical scavenging and antioxidant activities (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH, superoxide anion, lipid peroxidation and xanthine oxidase inhibition). Sodium naproxen, nimesulide, indomethacin were used as reference drugs for in vivo, quercetin and allopurinol for in vitro assays. RESULTS: A mixture of alpha- and beta-amyrins was isolated from the hexane extract that showed 41.2% of analgesic effect at 600 mg/kg, inhibited by 47.7 and 79.0% the arachidonic acid (AA) and 12-deoxyphorbol-13-decanoate (TPA)-induced inflammation at 3mg/20 microL/ear, respectively. A mixture of beta-sitosterol, stigmasterol, stigmastenol, stigmastanol and campesterol was isolated from the fraction CD4-N and beta-sitosterol-glycoside from the fraction CD5-N, reducing TPA-induced inflammation by 78.2 and 83.7% at 1mg/20 microL/ear, respectively. The fraction CD4-N at 300 mg/kg also showed analgesic activity (38.7%). The methanol extract at 600mg/kg per os showed anti-inflammatory effect (61.4%), topic anti-inflammatory (56.7% on TPA) and analgesic activity (38.5%). Verbascoside and luteolin-7-O-glucoside were the major components of the methanol extract; apigenin 7-O-glucoside was also detected. Inhibition of superoxide anion, lipoperoxidation, and DPPH bleaching effect was found in the methanol serial and global extracts. CONCLUSIONS: The present report demonstrate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties of Buddleja globosa and validate its use in Chilean traditional medicine.     

锁阳对大鼠肝纤维化干预作用的实验研究

目的：观察锁阳对四氯化碳（CCl4）诱导的大鼠肝纤维化模型的预防及逆转作用。方法将SD大鼠按照随机数字表法分为正常对照组、模型组、锁阳干预Ⅰ组、锁阳干预Ⅱ组和锁阳对照组5组,每组各10只。CCl4与花生油混合液造模,根据分组在不同时间给予锁阳灌胃。实验结束后,取血清和肝组织,检测血清肝功能,HE染色和M asson染色,观察肝组织病理改变,流式细胞仪测大鼠血浆 CD3＋、CD4＋和CD8＋水平。结果模型组大鼠肝组织纤维化分级主要以＋＋＋＋级为主,锁阳干预Ⅰ组分级主要以＋＋、＋＋＋级为主,锁阳干预Ⅱ组分级主要以＋、＋＋为主。与正常对照组比较,模型组大鼠血清AST、ALT活性明显升高,CD3＋、CD4＋水平降低,CD8＋水平升高,肝脏指数升高。与模型组相比,锁阳干预Ⅰ组大鼠血清中ALT活性降低,CD3＋、CD4＋水平升高,CD8＋水平降低;锁阳干预Ⅱ组中大鼠血清中AST、ALT活性明显降低,CD3＋水平升高,CD8＋水平降低;两组大鼠肝脏指数均降低,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。结论锁阳对肝纤维化有一定的预防和逆转作用,同时能影响肝纤维化大鼠外周血T淋巴细胞亚群,在一定程度上拮抗免疫功能低下。     

腹腔镜手术室CO2浓度对医护人员健康的影响

目的探讨腹腔镜手术室内CO2浓度对医护人员健康的影响.方法本研究将60名手术室护士随机分为开腹手术组和腔镜手术组,分别于术前及术后对2组人员测量生命体征、检测动脉血气、评价疲倦程度,并采用便携式红外线CO2分析仪检测手术室内不同时刻CO2浓度.结果腔镜手术室内CO2浓度于手术30 min时升高,术中维持较高水平,于手术结束时达最高值;与本组术前和开腹手术组相比,腔镜手术组人员手术后心率和呼吸频率明显增快,p H降低,PCO2升高,且疲倦严重度评分显著增加(P<0.05).结论腔镜手术造成手术室内CO2污染,危害医护人员身心健康,应予以重视.     

二硫化碳作业工人的神经肌电图及大脑诱发电位研究

本文对96名二硫化碳作业工人进行了神经肌电图测定,并对其中部分工人作了胫后神经体感诱发电位、视觉诱发电位和脑干听觉诱发电位检查。结果发现,二硫化碳作业工人的神经肌电图改变,符合周围神经远端轴索病之特点。胫后神经体感诱发电位结果显示,脊髓传导时间延长,脊髓传导速度减慢,颈髓以上中枢传导时间与对照组相比,无显著差异。视觉诱发电位和脑干听觉诱发电位无明显改变。     

吸烟后即刻呼出气CO检测联合强化5A治疗对ACS患者烟草戒断效果

目的 探讨吸烟后即刻呼出气CO检测基础上强化5A治疗对无戒烟意愿ACS患者烟草戒断效果.方法 2014年3月至2014年10月,连续入选心脏中心住院的不愿意戒烟的吸烟ACS患者99例,将患者随机分为吸烟后即刻呼出气CO检测基础上充分告知吸烟危害联合强化5A治疗组(试验组)和常规5R组(对照组).均随访24周,以第9～12周持续戒断率及第24周戒断率为主要终点.结果 试验组患者9至12周持续戒断率较对照组明显升高,为26.5％比8.0％,pearson卡方检验示x2 =5.975,P＜0.05 (0.015).24周时试验组患者戒断率较对照组仍显著升高,为20.4％:6％,x2=4.504,P＜0.05(0.034).结论 吸烟后即刻呼出气CO检测后在异常CO值基础上,充分告知吸烟患者吸烟危害及强化戒烟心理行为指导可显著提高烟草戒断率.     

辣椒油中酸价测定方法的探讨分析

目的:本文运用不同前处理方法进行比较,解决国家标准方法[1]测定辣椒油中的酸价时,由于辣椒油中的色素存在而影响滴定终点的判断问题。方法:利用添加适量中性饱和食盐水及用活性碳吸附两种方法前处理后再按照国标法测定酸价,其结果与准确度和精密度都较高的自动电位滴定法相比较。结果:用添加中性饱和食盐水法和活性碳吸附法都可以清晰观察到滴定终点;辣椒油试样量在3~4 g,用添加中性饱和食盐水法与自动电位滴定法结果无统计学差异,结果准确;活性碳吸附法测定低浓度酸价的油脂相对偏差较大,高浓度的与自动电位滴定法无统计学差异。结论:对于深色油脂如辣椒油中的酸价首选自动电位滴定法,如没有自动电位滴定仪的基层单位,低浓度的可以用添加中性饱和食盐水方法,中、高浓度的可以用活性碳吸附法和添加中性饱和食盐水方法,两种方法都可以清晰地观察到滴定终点,结果精密度都较好,准确度较高。可以作为国标法中测定辣椒油中酸价的有效补充。     

职业接触二硫化碳生物接触限值的探讨

目的 探讨我国职业接触二硫化碳(CS2)的生物接触限值.方法 用高效液相色谱法测定工人班末尿中2-硫代噻唑烷-4-羧酸(TTCA)含量,用气相色谱法测定接触CS2工人作业场所空气中CS2浓度,探讨二者的相关关系,比较生物接触限值和PC-TWA判定结果.结果 CS2作业工人班末尿中TTCA含量与其接触的工作场所空气中CS2浓度呈正相关,回归方程式Y=0.265X-0.165 (r=0.91,P＜0.01).基于本次研究的回归方程,根据GBZ 2.1-2007《工作场所有害因素职业接触限值第1部分:化学有害因素》规定的CS2的PC-TWA 5 mg/m3推算,CS2接触工人班末尿中TTCA浓度生物限值为1.2 mgTTCA/g Cr.结论 建议我国CS2生物接触限值修订为1.2 mg TTCA/g Cr.     

奶蓟益肝片对四氯化碳肝损伤保护作用效果观察

目的探讨奶蓟益肝片对四氯化碳（CCl4）肝损伤的保护作用。方法将46只动物随机分成阴性对照组、CCl4对照组及0.13、0.25g/kg两个剂量组,剂量组每天灌胃给予奶蓟益肝片。30d后,CCl4对照组及剂量组以0.01ml/g的剂量一次性经腹腔注射给予0.125?l4。24h后处死动物,测定血清丙氨酸转氨酶（ALT）、天冬氨酸转氨酶（AST）水平,肝脏进行病理组织学检查。结果0.25g/kg剂量组的ALT、AST水平降低,与CCl4对照组比较,差异有显著性（P〈0.05）。0.25g/kg剂量组发生肝细胞坏死的动物例数减少,病变程度减轻,肝细胞坏死评分降低,与CCl4对照组比较,差异亦有显著性（P〈0.05）。结论奶蓟益肝片对CCl4化学性肝损伤具有保护作用。     

牛初乳的免疫调节作用

目的验证牛初乳的免疫调节作用。方法根据卫生部保健食品功能学评价程序和检验方法的要求,对完达山牌牛初乳进行了迟发型变态反应、半数溶血值测定实验、碳廓清实验。结果①在迟发型变态反应中,高剂量组24h后的足跖肿胀度与普通奶粉对照组间差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。②在半数溶血值测定实验中,高剂量组与普通奶粉对照组的半数溶血值差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。③在碳廓清实验中,高、中剂量组的吞噬指数与普通奶粉对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论牛初乳能增强小鼠的细胞免疫、体液免疫、单核-巨噬细胞的吞噬功能,即具有免疫调节作用。     

Wastewater irrigation and environmental health: implications for water governance and public policy

Climate change is a large-scale and emerging environmental risk. It challenges environmental health and the sustainability of global development. Wastewater irrigation can make a sterling contribution to reducing water demand, recycling nutrients, improving soil health and cutting the amount of pollutants discharged into the waterways. However, the resource must be carefully managed to protect the environment and public health. Actions promoting wastewater reuse are every where, yet the frameworks for the protection of human health and the environment are lacking in most developing countries. Global change drivers including climate change, population growth, urbanization, income growth, improvements in living standard, industrialization, and energy intensive lifestyle will all heighten water management challenges. Slowing productivity growth, falling investment in irrigation, loss of biodiversity, risks to public health, environmental health issues such as soil salinity, land degradation, land cover change and water quality issues add an additional layer of complexity. Against this backdrop, the potential for wastewater irrigation and its benefits and risks are examined. These include crop productivity, aquaculture, soil health, groundwater quality, environmental health, public health, infrastructure constraints, social concerns and risks, property values, social equity, and poverty reduction. It is argued that, wastewater reuse and nutrient capture can contribute towards climate change adaptation and mitigation. Benefits such as avoided freshwater pumping and energy savings, fertilizer savings, phosphorous capture and prevention of mineral fertilizer extraction from mines can reduce carbon footprint and earn carbon credits. Wastewater reuse in agriculture reduces the water footprint of food production on the environment; it also entails activities such as higher crop yields and changes in cropping patterns, which also reduce carbon footprint. However, there is a need to better integrate water reuse into core water governance frameworks in order to effectively address the challenges and harness the potential of this vital resource for environmental health protection. The paper also presents a blueprint for future water governance and public policies for the protection of environmental health.