维药恰玛古的性状和显微鉴别

目的对维药恰玛古的生药学特征进行研究,为进一步研究和利用恰玛古奠定基础。方法对恰玛古原植物进行性状鉴别和显微鉴别。结果根的次生构造较发达,茎中维管束为外韧型,叶中有分泌腔存在。粉末中有较多方晶散在,气孔为不等式。结论本研究结果为该药的鉴别、质量标准制定及开发利用提供依据。     

枸杞子及其有效成分的药理作用研究进展

枸杞子Lycium barbarum是食药同源中药材,具有滋阴兴阳、止消渴、补劳伤的功效,富含枸杞多糖、枸杞总黄酮、类胡萝卜素和氨基酸等多种有效成分。现代药理学的研究显示,枸杞子及其活性成分具有抗肿瘤、调节血糖血脂、保护视力、抗抑郁与焦虑、防治神经系统疾病、抗炎抑菌、抗氧化、保护肝肺肾等作用。对枸杞子及其有效成分的药理作用进行总结和归纳,以期为其进一步应用开发及新药研究提供依据。     

一测多评法测定藏茴香中异绿原酸A、新绿原酸、绿原酸、隐绿原酸、异绿原酸B、异绿原酸C

目的 建立一测多评法（QAMS）测定藏茴香中6种咖啡酰奎宁酸类成分含量,并验证该方法在藏茴香质量评价中应用的可行性与适用性。方法 取藏茴香粉末（过三号筛）0.5 g,精密加入70%甲醇 20 mL ,超声处理（250 W、频率 53 kHz）30 min,制备供试品溶液;采用Phenomenex GeminiR C₁₈（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）色谱柱,以乙腈-0.1%甲酸水溶液为流动相,梯度洗脱,检测波长为 330 nm,体积流量 1.0 mL·min^-1,柱温 30 ℃,进行专属性、供试品提取条件、检测波长选择、色谱条件、线性关系、精密度、重复性、稳定性、加样回收率方法学考察,建立异绿原酸A、新绿原酸、绿原酸、隐绿原酸、异绿原酸 B、异绿原酸 C成分含量检测的 HPLC法;以异绿原酸 A为内参成分,分别计算新绿原酸、绿原酸、隐绿原酸、异绿原酸B、异绿原酸C 5种成分的相对校正因子,分别采用3种不同色谱仪和3种色谱柱进行相对校正因子、相对保留时间耐用性考察,对藏茴香样品同时采用外标法与 QAMS 测定 6 种成分的质量分数,比较 2 种测定方法结果的差异。结果 建立的6种成分的HPLC检测方法的专属性、供试品提取条件、检测波长选择、色谱条件、线性关系、精密度、重复性、稳定性、加样回收率均符合要求;新绿原酸、绿原酸、隐绿原酸、异绿原酸B、异绿原酸C的相对校正因子平均值分别是 1.362、1.257、1.335、1.470、1.134,3种不同色谱仪和 3种色谱柱对相对校正因子、相对保留时间均无明显影响;QAMS与外标法2种方法测定3批藏茴香样品中6种成分得到的结果之间无显著差异。结论 建立的QAMS简便、准确、可靠,可用于藏茴香中6种咖啡酰奎宁酸类成分——异绿原酸A、新绿原酸、绿原酸、隐绿原酸、异绿原酸B、异绿原酸C的定量分析。     

Olea europaea L. leaf extract mitigates oxidative and histological damage in rat heart tissue exposed to combined noise and toluene: An experimental study

In many occupational settings, workers are frequently exposed to toluene and noise. However, the individual and combined effects of these exposures on the cardiovascular system have not been fully elucidated. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the impact of simultaneous exposure to toluene and noise on the rat heart, while also evaluating the potential preventive effect of olive leaf extract (OLE). Forty-eight male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to eight groups (n = 6/group): control group (C), control group that received OLE (C + OLE), group exposed to noise (N), group exposed to noise and receiving OLE (N + OLE), group exposed to toluene (T), group exposed to toluene and receiving OLE (T + OLE), group co-exposed to noise and toluene (NT), and group co-exposed to noise and toluene and receiving OLE (NT + OLE). The rats in this study were subjected to simultaneous exposure to toluene and noise for a duration of six weeks, within a custom-built plexiglass chamber. Toluene was administered at a concentration of 300 ppm, while the noise level was set to 85 dB(A). The exposure chamber was equipped with a generation system, an exposure system, and a monitoring system, ensuring precise and accurate exposure conditions. After the six-week period, heart and blood samples were collected from the rats for subsequent analysis. Plasma levels of cholesterol (CHOL), triglycerides (TG), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and creatine kinase (CK) were measured, and histopathological investigation was conducted using HE staining. Additionally, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities, as well as malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in heart tissue were measured. Our results showed that simultaneous exposure to noise and toluene altered CHOL, TG, LDH, and CK levels, and also caused an increase in lipid peroxidation levels and superoxide dismutase activity, along with a decrease in catalase activity in the heart. A significant alteration in the myocardium was also observed. However, treatment with OLE was found to modulate these oxidative and histological changes, ultimately correcting the deleterious effects induced by the combined exposure to noise and toluene. Therefore, our study suggests that OLE could be a potential preventive measure for individuals exposed to toluene and noise in industrial settings.     

沙棘籽油中正己烷残留量的测定

目的建立沙棘籽油中正己烷残留量的含量测定方法。方法样品用N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶解后,利用气相色谱法,顶空进样器对样品进行测试。结果正己烷的进样量(X)在6.004～300.2μg之间时,与峰面积积分值(Y)回归线性方程为Y=1.660 9 X+14.056,r=0.999 9,线性关系良好;加样回收率平均值为96.2%,RSD为3.8%。结论该方法操作简便,重复性好,可用于测定沙棘籽油中正己烷残留量。     

糖尿病合并肺结核患者结核分枝杆菌L型感染的研究

目的研究糖尿病合并肺结核患者结核分枝杆菌L型的感染情况,探讨其对临床的指导意义。方法选取2009年1月至2011年12月淮南东方医院总院收治的初诊肺结核患者128例。其中,糖尿病合并肺结核患者60例(研究组),单纯涂阳肺结核(没有合并糖尿病)患者68例(对照组)。两组患者均进行痰结核分枝杆菌细菌型和L型培养,并对培养物进行涂片镜检、鉴定,同时对L型培养物进行PCR鉴定,并对所分离到的L型菌株进行回复性的实验。结果研究组60例糖尿病合并肺结核患者中,结核分枝杆菌细菌型培养阳性13例(21.67%),L型培养阳性28例(46.70%),两者之间差异极其显著(χ2=7.86,P<0.05);其中糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)≤6.5%的糖尿病合并肺结核患者L型阳性检出率为33.40%,糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)>6.5%L型阳性检出率为86.10%;两者之间差异显著(χ2=8.76,P<0.05)。经PCR鉴定,28例L型培养阳性物中,23例呈阳性反应,5例呈阴性反应。对照组68例单纯性肺结核患者中,细菌型培养阳性38例(55.89%),L型培养阳性4例(5.89%),PCR鉴定均呈阳性反应。结论糖尿病患者合并肺结核后结核分枝杆菌L型的感染率较高;其中血糖控制不佳的患者结核分枝杆菌L型的感染率比血糖控制较好的患者感染率高。大多数结核分枝杆菌L型具有回复为细菌型而导致结核病的内源性复发的潜在倾向。糖尿病是并发结核的高危因素,我们通过结核分枝杆菌L型检测可以发现隐藏的糖尿病合并肺结核阳性患者,减少漏诊、误诊现象。而治疗效果不佳的糖尿病合并肺结核患者,能通过结核分枝杆菌L型的检测证实有结核分枝杆菌L型的存在,能够及时调整治疗方案,提高诊疗效果,缩短病程。取得良好的社会效益。     

Deletion of the vaccinia virus F13L gene results in a highly attenuated virus that mounts a protective immune response against subsequent vaccinia virus challenge

Vaccinia virus F13L encodes the envelope protein p37, which is the target of the anti-pox virus drug ST-246 (Yang et al., 2005) and that is required for production of extracellular vaccinia virus. The F13L (p37)-deleted (and ST-246 resistant) vaccinia virus recombinant (Vac-ΔF13L) produced smaller plaques than the wild-type vaccinia (Western Reserve vaccinia). In addition, Vac-ΔF13L proved, when inoculated either intravenously or intracutaneously in both immunocompetent and immunodeficient (athymic nude or SCID) mice, to be severely attenuated. Intravenous or intracutaneous inoculation of immunocompetent mice with the ΔF13L virus efficiently protected against a subsequent intravenous, intracutaneous or intranasal challenge with vaccinia WR (Western Reserve). This was corroborated by the observation that Vac-ΔF13L induced a humoral immune response against vaccinia following either intravenous or intracutaneous challenge. In conclusion, F13L-deleted vaccinia virus may have the potential to be developed as a smallpox vaccine.     

叶下珠提取物对大鼠长期毒性实验研究

目的 研究连续口服给予叶下珠提取物对SD大鼠产生的毒性反应.方法 叶下珠提取物4.0、1.3、0.4 g·kg-1(高、中、低剂量)连续灌胃给药26wk,分别于给药13wk、给药26wk及停药后6wk时取部分大鼠进行血液学指标、血液生化学指标、病理组织学检查.结果 高剂量组大鼠皮毛无光泽,精神萎靡.与空白对照组比较,高剂量在给药26wk时导致大鼠血液WBC、NE％、ALT、AST、CR明显升高,LY％、PLT、ALB明显降低(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),停药后6wk时,除NE％、LY％之外,其他指标均恢复正常.高剂量组的大鼠肝脏、肾脏组织出现可逆性病变,中剂量组的大鼠肾脏组织出现可逆性病变.结论 长期大剂量给予叶下珠提取物,可导致SD大鼠出现肝脏和肾脏功能以及病理组织学可逆性改变.     

叶下珠提取物对Beagle犬长期毒性实验研究

目的 研究连续口服给予叶下珠提取物对Beagle犬产生的毒性反应.方法 叶下珠提取物125、250、500mg·kg-1(低、中、高剂量)连续灌胃给药26wk,于给药26wk及停药6wk时取部分犬进行血液学指标、血液生化学指标、尿液指标、病理组织学检查.结果 高剂量组Beagle犬出现食量减少、间歇性呕吐等症状.与空白对照组比较,中、高剂量在给药结束时导致Beagle犬ALT、AST、ALP、T-Bil、BUN、γ-GT等血液生化学指标明显升高(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),停药6wk后,以上指标均恢复正常.给药结束时,高剂量组Beagle犬尿液出现蛋白质和胆红素阳性.病理检查显示,中、高剂量均可导致Beagle犬肝脏和肾脏实质脏器出现可逆性组织病理学改变.结论 长期大剂量口服给予叶下珠提取物,可导致Beagle犬出现肝脏和肾脏功能以及病理组织学可逆性改变.