Metastases to the brainstem portend a poor prognosis and present a challenge in clinical management. Surgical resection is rarely a viable option.
Methods
Post-treatment MRI scans of patients with brainstem metastases treated with radiosurgery were used to determine local control and disease progression. Median survival was calculated using Kaplan–Meier analysis. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed using log-rank test and Cox proportional hazards model, respectively.
Results
Thirty-two consecutive patients with brainstem metastasis underwent Gamma Knife radiosurgery. Median age was 50 years. Median tumor volume was 0.71 cm3 and median tumor margin dose was 13 Gy. Seventeen of 32 patients received WBRT prior to stereotactic radiosurgery. Median survival was 5.2 months. There was a statistically significant difference in survival based on RTOG recursive partition analysis (RPA) class. Median survival of patients categorized as RPA class I was 19.2 months, RPA class II was 8.4 months, and RPA class III was 1.9 months. The overall local tumor control rate was 87.5%. There were no acute complications following stereotactic radiosurgery and no evidence of radiation necrosis noted on post-treatment MRI scans.
Conclusion
Stereotactic radiosurgery is an effective treatment for brainstem metastases and should be considered especially for patients with good performance status. 相似文献
We describe a fatal case of glioblastoma multiforme that was induced by Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKS; Elekta AB, Stockholm, Sweden) for an arteriovenous malformation (AVM). A 4-year-old girl presented with repeated convulsions. Imaging studies revealed an AVM located in the right thalamus. One year after initial symptoms, GKS was performed to obliterate the nidus. The maximum and marginal radiation doses were 32 and 16 Gy, respectively. Seventy months after GKS, the patient represented with severe headache. MRI showed a poorly demarcated tumor with heterogeneous gadolinium enhancement in the right thalamus and adjacent to the white matter of the temporal lobe. After a generalised convulsion, the patient deteriorated into a deep coma. CT scans showed severe brain swelling with intratumoral hemorrhage. An emergency craniotomy was performed, and the hematoma was removed. During this surgery, a tumor mass, which was found adjacent to the hematoma, was resected. Microscopic examination revealed glioblastoma multiforme. Despite intensive treatment, the patient died 1 month after surgery. A GKS-induced secondary tumor is a rare but serious complication. It is important to be aware of the adverse effects of GKS, including secondary neoplasms, before its clinical application, especially in young patients. 相似文献
Sections were made to determine supraspinal areas that participate in the maintenance of deoxycorticosterone (DOC)-salt hypertension. Blood pressure (BP) falls after cuts which severed: (a) the lateral connections between pons and midbrain, (b) the pathways between caudal hypothalamus and midbrain, and (c) parasagittal between medial and lateral hypothalamus. No changes in BP were found either after coronal cuts that severed a central area located at: (a) the pons-midbrain edge, (b) above the caudal hypothalamus, and (c) the level of the anterior hypothalamic area, or after parasagittal cuts at the level of the capsula interna or after a hypophysial stalk lesion. These results implicate the hypothalamus in the maintenance of DOC-salt hypertension. The hypothalamus-neural lobe system appears not to be involved in the lowering of BP found. 相似文献
Surgical transection of the posterior connections of the medial basal hypothalamus is much more effective in producing hyperphagia and obesity in female than in male rats. The hyperphagia of female rats can be attenuated by daily injections of estradiol. When starved to the weight of control animals, previously obese female rats with cuts through the posterior hypothalamus showed only mild hyperphagia but quickly returned to their elevated body weights. The results indicated that hormonal and metabolic disturbance are important factors in determining food intake and body weight following damage to the ventromedial hypothalamus. 相似文献
Gamma Knife (GK) radiosurgery has recently been employed in patients with numerous brain metastases (METs), even those with 10 or more lesions. However, cumulative irradiation doses to the whole brain (WB), with such treatment, have not been determined.
Since the GammaPlan ver. 5.10 (ver. 5.31 is presently available, Leksell GammaPlan) became available in November 1998, 92 GK procedures have been performed for 80 patients with 10 or more brain METs at our facility. The median lesion number was 17 (range: 10–43) and the median cumulative volume of all tumors was 8.02 cc (range: 0.46–81.41 cc). The median selected dose at the lesion periphery was 20 Gy (range: 12–25 Gy). Based on these treatment protocols, the cumulative irradiation dose was computed.
The median cumulative irradiation dose to the WB was 4.71 (range: 2.16–8.51) Gy. The median brain volumes receiving >2 Gy, >5 Gy, >10 Gy, >15 Gy, and >20 Gy were 1105 (range 410–1501) cc, 309 (46–1247) cc, 64 (13–282) cc, 24 (2–77) cc, and 8 (0–40) cc, respectively.
The cumulative WB irradiation doses for patients with numerous radiosurgical targets were not considered to exceed the threshold level of normal brain necrosis. 相似文献
A case of a 25-year-old male with a deep knife stab injury in the back is reported. The stab wound penetrated the left thorax and the left lung was injured, a thoracotomy was performed and the patient survived. The injured man could not remember what had happened, his bag was missing and the incident was therefore considered to be due to a robbery. Further results of the police investigations and the forensic pathology inspection revealed an extremely unusual accident constellation. 相似文献