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Background: In this study, we coordinated a network meta‐analysis to establish the efficacy and safety of different agents used in the treatment of hyperphosphatemia patients with chronic kidney disease. Methods: PubMed, CNKI, and Embase were systematically searched to retrieve relevant studies. Outcomes were presented by mean differences, odds ratios, and corresponding 95% credible intervals for continuous outcomes and binary outcomes, respectively. Each therapy was ranked according to the value of surface under the cumulative ranking curve. Consistencies between direct and indirect comparisons were assessed with a node‐splitting plot. Results: In terms of efficacy end points (including levels of serum phosphate, serum calcium, serum intact parathyroid hormone, and serum calcium × phosphorus product), all 7 kinds of agents outperformed or performed at least equally to placebo, with iron‐based phosphate‐binding agents being potentially the most effective. As for safety end points (including mortality, adverse events, and all‐cause discontinuation), almost all agents were equivalent in term of mortality and all‐cause discontinuation except in the comparison between iron‐based phosphate‐binding agents and placebo. Meanwhile, iron‐based phosphate‐binding agents colestilan and nicotinic acid performed poorly compared with placebo in terms of adverse events. Furthermore, iron‐based phosphate‐binding agents were potentially the safest agents followed sequentially by calcium‐based phosphate‐binding agents and placebo. Conclusion: Iron‐based phosphate‐binding agents were the preferable agents when considering efficacy and safety simultaneously.  相似文献   
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目的研究锁阳对大鼠前列腺增生(BPH)模型的作用及相关机制研究。方法用雌/雄激素诱导大鼠前列腺增生。按体重将去势3周后大鼠随机分为3组:模型组,锁阳组(3 g·kg-1·d-1),氟他胺组(30 mg·kg-1·d-1),每组10只。另外取10只健康大鼠作为假手术组,模型组和假手术组给等量0. 9%Na Cl,均灌胃给药,每天1次,连续给药45 d。以蛋白免疫印迹检测增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)蛋白变化;用Cyto Scape3. 5. 1软件构建和分析锁阳"化合物-靶点-前列腺增生"复杂网络。结果给药后,假手术组、模型组、锁阳组的PCNA蛋白表达灰度比值分别是0. 58±0. 11,1. 37±0. 21,0. 94±0. 31,模型组与假手术比较,差异有统计学意义(P <0. 05);锁阳组与模型组比较,差异有统计学意义(P <0. 05)。网络药理学揭示,锁阳直接作用于BPH疾病的靶点有7个,4个新发现的靶点分别为细胞周期素D1(CCND1)、磷脂酰基醇(PIK3CA)、氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体(PPARG)和过氧化物合成酶(PTGS2)。结论锁阳抑制大鼠前列腺增生可能与细胞增殖等通路以及调节细胞周期素D1(CCND1)与磷脂酰基醇(PIK3CA)等蛋白表达相关。  相似文献   
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Introduction: A seasonal affective disorder (SAD) is a subtype of unipolar and bipolar major depressive disorders. It is characterized by its annual recurrence of depressive episodes at a particular season, mostly seen in winter and is responsible for 10–20% of the prevalence of major depressive disorders. Some pathophysiological hypotheses, such as the phase delay and the monoamine depletion hypotheses, have been postulated but the exact cause has not been fully unraveled yet. Studies on treatment for SAD in the last decade are lacking. To tackle this chronic disease, attention needs to be drawn to the gaps in this research field.

Areas covered: In this systematic review, the authors give a broad overview of the pharmacological therapy available for SAD. Also, nutritional substances fitting well with the postulated hypotheses are reviewed for the treatment and prevention of SAD. There is a specific focus on the quality of the currently performed studies.

Expert opinion: Light therapy and fluoxetine are the only proven and effective acute treatment options for SAD, while bupropion is the only registered drug for prevention of SAD. This area of research is in dire need of valid large-scale and sufficiently reproducible randomized control trials.  相似文献   

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Introduction: Budesonide belongs to low-bioavailability steroids class. A novel oral formulation of budesonide, which uses the Multi-Matrix System (MMX) for delivering drugs to the colon, is now available as a possible treatment of ulcerative colitis patients intolerant or not-responding to first-line therapy with 5-ASA.

Areas covered: in this review we present information about the development and the use of budesonide MMX and we provide data about its mechanism of action as well as, pharmacodynamics and pharmacokynetics. Moreover, we present the available literature data about the efficacy and, mainly, the safety of budesonide-MMX.

Expert opinion: budesonide-MMX is a new therapeutic option in mild-to-moderate UC patients. Its good safety profile in clinical trials undoubtedly represents a strength for a possible wide use in clinical practice, mainly if it will be confirmed by post-marketing data. Other indications, such as treatment of colonic Crohn’s disease, could theoretically be considered, if sustained by reliable scientific data.  相似文献   

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