Hypospadias and urethral development

PURPOSE: Hypospadias is a common congenital anomaly that may be treated with surgical reconstruction. In the majority of cases the etiology remains elusive. Although androgens are clearly critical for penile development, defects in androgen metabolism and/or the androgen receptor explain only a small subset of cases of hypospadias. Strategies are presented for understanding the etiology of hypospadias. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Current scientific reports on the etiology of hypospadias were reviewed, and the embryology and possible mechanisms of urethral and penile formation are presented. RESULTS: A new theory of glandular human urethral development via endodermal cellular differentiation is proposed to replace the classic explanation of ectodermal intrusion. CONCLUSIONS: Careful studies of penile and urethral development have led to a better understanding of genital embryology. Future areas of study, such as endocrine disrupters, mesenchymal-epithelial interactions and mechanisms of penile growth, are proposed to explain the etiology of hypospadias.     

Evaluation and management of mechanical dysfunction in continent colonic urinary reservoirs

PURPOSE: We analyze a group of patients who presented with mechanical dysfunction of the reservoir and/or efferent limb of a continent colonic urinary diversion, and establish an evaluation and management algorithm. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 16 patients with a mean age of 58 years and 1 or more symptoms related to continent colonic urinary diversion were evaluated. Presenting symptomatology included difficult catheterization in 8 cases (50%), disabling incontinence in 8 (50%) and recurrent urinary tract infections in 6 (37.5%). All patients had normal, nonobstructed, nonrefluxing upper tracts and none presented with stone disease. Urological evaluation consisted of catheterization, fluoroscopy and urography of the pouch, retrograde urography of the external limb and urodynamics (enterocystometrogram and outlet pressure profilometry). RESULTS: Of the 8 patients with difficulty with catheterization 4 had stomal stenosis, 2 had an elongated and redundant external limb, and 2 had a false passage. Diagnosis was established by the inability to catheterize, fluoroscopy of the pouch and retrograde urography. Disabling incontinence occurred in 8 patients, including 7 who presented with an incompetent outlet and 2 with high pressure intestinal contractions of the reservoir. The aforementioned abnormalities were diagnosed by a combination of retrograde urography, urography of the pouch and urodynamics. Recurrent symptomatic urinary infections were observed in 5 patients of the previous groups and in another with an hourglass reservoir, which was primarily diagnosed by urography of the pouch. Surgical correction in 15 patients included outlet reinforcement, reservoir revision, stomal or external limb revision and conversion to a urinary conduit. Surgical treatment was successful in 14 of 15 patients (93%). CONCLUSIONS: Catheterization difficulty requires retrograde urography to define possible anatomical abnormalities (false passage, conduit elongation) if catheterization and fluoroscopy of the pouch do not demonstrate stomal stenosis. Urinary incontinence benefits from enterocystometry and outlet pressure measurement to determine reservoir and external limb function. Recurrent urinary tract infections not related to ureteral obstruction or reflux requires fluoroscopy of the pouch and external limb to determine abnormalities in patients with detubularization and localization of areas of urine pooling.     

抑郁症患者情绪词识别对照研究

目的：探讨抑郁症患者和正常对照者在进行情绪词识别时的差异。方法：34例在4周内未用药的抑郁症患者和32名正常对照者进行情绪词识别Go/No-Go测验。结果：抑郁症患者正情绪词识别时,反应时显著长于负性情绪词和正常对照组,遗漏数显著多于负性词和正常对照组。结论：抑郁症患者存在负性情绪偏好。     

2009-2013年无锡地区医疗机构中华核心期刊论文发表情况排名分析

按照文献检索的方法,通过万方数据知识服务平台搜集相关文献,提取符合标准的相关基本信息,按照年度变化、医疗机构、期刊分布、作者情况等进行统计分析,从而了解无锡地区医疗机构2009-2013年间在中华系列核心期刊上发表论文数量动态变化,为医院科研管理部门提供决策参考。     

7例穿透性胎盘植入的临床分析

目的 探讨穿透性胎盘植入的诊断、处理和预防.方法 对我院1999年1月～2007年2月穿透性胎盘植入7例进行回顾性临床分析.结果 7例穿透性胎盘植入,其中有剖宫产史3例,刮宫史5例,盆腔手术史1例.7例均为术中诊断,术后病理确诊.合并中央性前置胎盘4例,宫颈妊娠1例,宫内感染1例.其中5例行剖宫产加子宫切除术,其中2例再加化疗,2例加膀胱修补术,1例加右卵巢囊肿剔除术.产后出血约605～3000ml.结论 穿透性胎盘的产前诊断较为困难,产后较为明确.治疗首选全宫切除或次全宫切除术.要加强对胎盘植入的预防.     

子宫动脉栓塞术在孕6月余合并中央性前置胎盘引产中的应用一例

患者37岁,G4P2,因停经6个月,反复无痛性少量阴道出血4个月,加重3 d入院.该患者停经2个月后反复出现无痛性少量阴道出血,间隔约40 d 1次,每次持续2～3 d,较平时月经量少,休息后能自止,未就诊.3 d前无明显诱因出现阴道出血500～600 ml,不伴腹痛.入院时,血压130/80 mmHg,中度贫血貌,心肺未闻及异常.宫高、腹围与停经月份符,胎心音140次/min,臀位,宫口未开,无宫缩.辅助检查:血红蛋白(Hb)71 g/L;B超示臀位胎儿,宫颈内口处见胎盘组织回声.