Application of the American College of Cardiology (ACC/AHA) 2017 Guideline for the Management of Hypertension in Adults and Comparison with the 2014 Eighth Joint National Committee Guideline

ObjectivesThis study aims to compare the 2017-ACC/AHA hypertension guideline with 2014-JNC-8 guideline in regard to the number of patients who are eligible for treatment and to determine the physicians’ adherence and the financial impact of implementing the new guideline.MethodsA cross-sectional observational study was conducted on adult patients who attended the hospital outpatient setting in UAE during January 1, 2018 till February 28, 2018. Adults who are diagnosed with hypertension and those with blood pressure (BP) levels based on two or more readings obtained on two or more different occasions were screened for inclusion into this study and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) risk was calculated. The two guidelines were compared with respect to the number of patients diagnosed with hypertension and eligible for treatment. Results were extrapolated to the UAE population. Financial impact of applying the 2017-ACC/AHA guideline was also evaluated.ResultsIn comparison with the JNC-8, the 2017-ACC/AHA guideline would increase the proportion of patients diagnosed with hypertension among UAE adults from 40.8% to 76.3% and the number of UAE adults recommended for antihypertensive medications would rise from 2.42 million (32.1%) to 4.71 million (62.5%). Among UAE adults, almost 4.42 million (58.6%) and 0.76 million (10.1%) would have BP above the target according to the 2017-ACC/AHA and JNC-8 guidelines, respectively. The expected increase in the cost of anti-hypertension medications prescribed for the new labeled cases according to 2017-ACC/AHA but not JNC-8 would reach 1.8 billion AED/year. For those who were recommended for antihypertensive medications, who had BP above target, the additional cost would reach 3.5 billion AED/year.ConclusionsThe current study reveals marked increase in the proportion of patients diagnosed with hypertension in concordance with the 2017-ACC/AHA guideline. This is also will be associated with almost double the number of UAE adults recommended for antihypertensive medications. The poor compliance with the 2017-ACC/AHA reflects the concern regarding the increase risk of adverse events.     

儿童脑瘫性髋关节疾病的外科治疗与结果评价CSCD

儿童脑瘫性髋关节疾病通常需要手术治疗,手术方式包括预防性、重建性和补救性手术三种。手术的目的是防止股骨头向外侧移位,重建半脱位及脱位髋关节的稳定,消除不可重建髋关节脱位导致的持续性疼痛,进而改善患儿行走功能,方便不具站立及行走能力患儿的会阴部护理。本文通过系统复习新近相关文献,重点阐述儿童脑瘫性髋关节疾病各种手术方式的适应证、操作要点以及临床与X线评价结果、远期随访结果。     

How safe is primary knee replacement surgery? Perioperative complication rates in Northern Illinois, 1993–1999

Objective

To describe inpatient complications for primary total knee replacement (TKR) in a period of rapidly growing orthopedic surgery capacity, declining length of stay, and more frequent discharge to rehabilitation facilities.

Methods

Complication incidence according to published coding algorithms was estimated for 35,531 primary TKR admissions of northern Illinois residents to 65 Illinois hospitals. Complication odds were estimated as a function of patients' clinical and sociodemographic status, hospital volume, residency training, TKR length of stay, International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD‐9) coding intensity, and discharges to skilled nursing or rehabilitation facilities.

Results

Primary TKR admissions increased 36% between 1993 and 1999, length of stay declined 43%, average ICD‐9 code use increased 31%, and rehabilitation discharges increased 68%. Major complication rates declined 44% (12.4% to 6.9%; P < 0.0001) over this period, reflecting a 50% reduction in the adjusted odds of complication between 1993 and 1999. There was no association of procedure volume and outcome.

Conclusion

It is likely that the reduction in complications reflects true safety improvements as well as reduced length of stay.

     

Selection of pulse oximetry equipment for ambulatory monitoring

Primary objective : This communication describes the initial stage of a research project concerning the monitoring of SpO₂ in infants prone to periods of spontaneous oxygen desaturation whilst freely moving around their home environment. The primary aim was to determine an appropriate probe type and site together with an assessment of the suitability of two commercially available oximeter units. Research design : The study comprised 19 comparative tests, totalling 162 hours of recordings at resolution one sample every four seconds. Comparisons are drawn between probes, probe sites and pulse oximeters. Main outcomes/ results : The bias and precision is presented with respect to the probe and measurement site. Also, correlation between the trial and reference recordings is considered. Conclusions : It is concluded that ambulatory recording of SpO₂ in infants utilizing equipment suitable for home monitoring can produce diagnostic data equivalent to that of the Ohmeda 3700 biox, but that an indication of movement artefact may be required for confirmation of accuracy. It became apparent that 'wrap around' probes, used on the index finger or big toe are the most suitable.     

Impact of joint line orientation on clinical outcomes in bilateral Oxford mobile-bearing unicompartmental knee arthroplasty

BackgroundJoint line orientation angle (JLOA) is the angle between the knee joint line and the floor. It has been reported to be related to postoperative outcome after TKA. Regarding unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA), although it can be horizontal after UKA because it is a resurfacing surgery, there are few reports about the JLOA after UKA and its impact on clinical outcomes.PurposeThe purpose of this study was to reveal the relationship between JLOA and clinical outcome after UKA.MethodsThis study included 106 knees in 53 consecutive patients with osteoarthritis who underwent simultaneous bilateral mobile-bearing UKA. Their pre- and postoperative JLOAs were measured by full-leg-length standing coronal radiographs. We also evaluated the tibial component height (TCH) as the factor which we assumed could influence JLOA. We analyzed the patients’ JLOAs, TCHs and clinical outcomes.ResultsPre- and postoperative JLOA were 0.4 ± 2.4° and 2.7 ± 2.6°, respectively. The JLOA significantly tilted medially (P < 0.0001). The JLOA significantly negatively correlated with the improvement of the clinical outcomes (Oxford Knee Score (OKS): r = 0.40, P < 0.0001, Knee Society Knee Score (KSKS): r = 0.25, P < 0.01, Knee Society Function Score (KSFS): r = 0.22, P = 0.02). The TCH showed a positive correlation with postoperative JLOA and with the postoperative JLOA change (r = 0.45, P < 0.001; r = 0.25, P < 0.01, respectively).ConclusionThe JLOA significantly tilted medially after UKA. An excessive medial tilt of the JLOA was associated with poorer postoperative outcomes of UKA. It is therefore recommended to keep the JLOA horizontal and to avoid a lower tibial cut.     

弹性髓内钉对儿童前臂骨折临床疗效及并发症的影响

目的 探究弹性髓内钉（ESIN）对儿童前臂骨折手术效果及并发症的影响。方法 选取2015年12月至2018年12月安徽省太和县中医院行ESIN治疗的40例患儿为ESIN治疗组,选择同期行钢板手术治疗的40例患儿为钢板治疗组。术中记录两组患儿手术切口长度、术中出血量情况;术后4周内观察患儿骨折部位骨痂形成占比情况、骨折愈合时间、关节功能评价、术后并发症发生情况以及临床疗效。结果 ESIN治疗组患儿术中切口长度及出血量均低于钢板治疗组（P<0.05）;ESIN治疗组骨折4周内骨痂形成占比情况、骨折愈合时间、关节功能与治疗总有效率均优于钢板治疗组（P<0.05）;ESIN治疗组患儿术后并发症发生率较钢板治疗组高,但两组差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 ESIN治疗儿童前臂骨折具有创伤小、愈合时间短、术后关节功能评价较好等特点,但该法可能出现的术后并发症需予以重视。     

The limits of passive motion are variable between and unrelated within normal tibiofemoral joints

Patient‐to‐patient differences should be accounted for in both clinical evaluations and computational models of knee laxity. Accordingly, the objectives were to determine how variable the laxities are between knees by determining the range of the internal–external (I‐E), varus–valgus (V‐V), anterior–posterior (A‐P), and compression–distraction (C‐D) limits of passive motion, and how related the laxities are within a knee by determining whether these limits are correlated with one another. The limits in I‐E (± 3 Nm), V‐V (± 5 Nm), A‐P (± 45 N), and C‐D (± 100 N) were measured in 10 normal human cadaveric knees at 0° to 120° flexion in 15° increments using a six degree‐of‐freedom load application system. The ranges from 15° to 120° flexion of the I‐E limits were greater than 3.6°, of the A‐P limits were greater than 1.8 mm, and of the varus limits were greater than 1.4°. The ranges from 30° to 120° flexion of the distraction limits were greater than 2.0 mm. Twenty‐four of the 28 pair‐wise comparisons between the limits had a correlation coefficient less than 0.65. These results demonstrate that a patient‐specific approach, including all degrees of freedom of interest, is necessary during clinical evaluations of laxity and when creating and validating computational models of the tibiofemoral joint. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 33:1594–1602, 2015.