Temporomandibular Joint Air in Fractures of the Skull Base

Basilar skull fractures involving the temporal bone extend through the tympanic part of the temporal bone in two-thirds of cases. The anatomical relationship of this part of the temporal bone and the temporomandibular joint enables air to pass from the auditory canal into the joint. Air in the temporomandibular joint is demonstrated on CT scans as an indirect sign of temporal bone fracture.     

近年火车创伤中关节损伤变化的特点

目的 探讨与分析快速列车所致火车创伤中关节损伤的变化特点。方法 集1997～2000年火车提速后10214例火车创伤中1279例关节损伤病例，分析在特定条件下的致伤因素、损伤严重程度、损伤类型特点，经AIS-ISS评分证实与预后的关系。结果 提速后关节损伤发生率由提速前33.54％上升到34.12％，死亡率由28.88％上升到30.33％，多关节离断伤由19.84％上升到34.13％，开放性关节损伤由31.71％上升到63.65％，关节离断伤的死亡率由21.19％上升到49.07％。结论 火车创伤无疑是十分严重的损伤，多发伤率远高于其他损伤，治疗棘手，多器官功能不全综合征(MODS)是致死的主要因素。     

An animal model of chronic inflammatory pain: pharmacological and temporal differentiation from acute models.

Clinically, inflammatory pain is far more persistent than that typically modelled pre-clinically, with the majority of animal models focussing on short-term effects of the inflammatory pain response. The large attrition rate of compounds in the clinic which show pre-clinical efficacy suggests the need for novel models of, or approaches to, chronic inflammatory pain if novel mechanisms are to make it to the market. A model in which a more chronic inflammatory hypersensitivity phenotype is profiled may allow for a more clinically predictive tool. The aims of these studies were to characterise and validate a chronic model of inflammatory pain. We have shown that injection of a large volume of adjuvant to the intra-articular space of the rat knee results in a prolonged inflammatory pain response, compared to the response in an acute adjuvant model. Additionally, this model also results in a hypersensitive state in the presence and absence of inflammation. A range of clinically effective analgesics demonstrate activity in this chronic model, including morphine (3mg/kg, t.i.d.), dexamethasone (1mg/kg, b.i.d.), ibuprofen (30mg/kg, t.i.d.), etoricoxib (5mg/kg, b.i.d.) and rofecoxib (0.3-10mg/kg, b.i.d.). A further aim was to exemplify the utility of this chronic model over the more acute intra-plantar adjuvant model using two novel therapeutic approaches; NR2B selective NMDA receptor antagonism and iNOS inhibition. Our data shows that different effects were observed with these therapies when comparing the acute model with the model of chronic inflammatory joint pain. These data suggest that the chronic model may be more relevant to identifying mechanisms for the treatment of chronic inflammatory pain states in the clinic.     

Posterior instability near extension is related to clinical disability in isolated posterior cruciate ligament deficient patients

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationship between the magnitude of knee laxity and posterior instability at different knee flexion angles and clinical disability in isolated posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) deficient patients. Knee laxity at 20° and 70° of knee flexion were evaluated using KT-2000 arthrometer, and the posterior instability at 20°, 45° and 90° of flexion were evaluated using stress radiography. We assessed the differences in the knee laxity and the tibial translation between isolated PCL deficient knees and normal knees, and between the patients with giving-way during activities of daily living (ADL) and without giving-way. There were statistical differences in the knee laxity and the tibial translation at all knee flexion angles between the PCL deficient knees and normal knees. The magnitude of the knee laxity at 20° of flexion measured with KT-2000 arthrometer was significantly larger in the patients with giving-way than those in the patients without giving-way although there was no significant difference in the tibial translation at 70° between the two groups. The tibial translation in both medial and lateral compartments at 20° and 45° measured with stress radiography were significantly larger in the patients with giving-way than those in the patients without giving-way although there was not significant difference at 90° between the two groups. These results suggested that the magnitude of the knee laxity and the posterior tibial translation at shallow knee flexion angles would be related to giving-way during ADL in isolated PCL deficient patients.     

手部关节损伤的治疗

目的 通过对手部关节损伤治疗方法的对比和随访观察，总结出各种方法的优缺点，并指出相对较好的治疗方法。方法 1980～2002年对手部关节损伤进行各种手术治疗，通过观察病人术后关节的活动度、肿胀、疼痛、畸形及捏力的改善等项目，评价哪种方法相对更好。结果 通过对各种数据的测量比较，特别是关节活动度的改善情况，认为人工关节置换是所有治疗方法中相对最好的。结论 尽管人工关节置换也有不少缺点，但随着新材料的不断应用和设计的不断改进，其治疗效果将越来越好。     

On the form of the internal model for reaching

We investigated, by using simulations, possible mechanisms responsible for the errors in the direction of arm movements exhibited by deafferented patients. Two aspects of altered feedforward control were evaluated: the inability to sense initial conditions and the degradation of an internal model. A simulation which assumed no compensation for variations in initial arm configuration failed to reproduce the characteristic pattern of errors. In contrast, a simulation that assumed random variability in the generation of joint torque resulted in a distribution of handpaths which resembled some aspects of the pattern of errors exhibited by deafferented patients.     

寰枢椎不稳的临床治疗

寰枢椎不稳系指由于先天性异常、外伤及炎症等引起的寰枢椎正常生理结构被破坏，而导致其椎间关节和连接的韧带功能异常，常合并脊髓神经损伤，是一种极具危险性的疾病。我院1990年3月-2002年9月收治寰枢椎不稳患者168例，取得良好疗效，总结如下。     

人工全髋关节置换术中偏心距重建对髋关节功能的影响

目的比较标准股骨假体行人工全髋关节置换术中股骨假体颈长和股骨距保留对偏心距重建的作用，并分析偏心距重建对软组织平衡的影响。方法68例（71髋）行初次全髋关节置换术并获得随访。术中确定双下肢等长、髋关节稳定及周围软组织紧张度适中。术后采用Harris评分评估手术结果，Cybex-6000等速测定患髋外展肌力，通过手术记录和X线片测量获得偏心距、股骨距、假体颈长、外展肌力臂，用SPSS11．5统计学软件包对数据进行分析。结果假体颈长对偏心距的影响较股骨距大（P＜0．01），并与偏心距呈正相关关系（r=0．642，P＜0．001），但两者对于Harris评分影响的差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。股骨头坏死患者术后的偏心距较髋关节骨关节炎患者（P＜0．01）和股骨颈骨折患者小（P＜0．01）。颈于角与偏心距外展肌力臂比呈正相关关系（r=0．25，火0．05）。偏心距重建较好的髋关节术后外展肌力较偏心距重建不足者优（P＜0．05），且两者呈相关关系（r=0．29，P＜0．05）。结论偏心距的重建在全髋关节置换术软组织平衡中主要起到增强术后外展肌力的作用。采用标准股骨假体重建术后股骨偏心距，股骨假体颈长对人工全髋关节置换术后偏心距的重建作用大于股骨距的保留，在诸多影响因素中起到关键作用。