Dietary factors and cancers of breast, endometrium, and ovary: Strategies for modifying fat intake in African American women

Modification of dietary fat and fiber could help prevent cancers of the breast, endometrium, and ovary that are prevalent in African-American women. Dietary intervention programs aimed at reducing fat intake have had mixed results in this population. The transtheoretic model is proposed for achieving dietary change. Strategies for changing health behaviors in African-American women include heightening sensitivity to cultural values among health educators and the use of multiple strategies to reinforce messages. To stimulate healthier eating, it is important to incorporate the distinct habitual eating patterns into innovative intervention methods, using effective behavioral change methods. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 1997;176:S255-64.)     

Serum levels of C3 and Factors I and B in minimal change disease

Abstract Background: Relapses are an important problem in minimal change disease, which accounts for most of the cases of childhood nephrotic syndrome. Because of defects in the humoral immune system, patients are predisposed to infection in nephrotic syndrome and infection is the most important complication that determines mortality and morbidity.
Methods: In this study, serum levels of Factors I and B and C3 were studied to evaluate the relationships between nephrotic syndrome and infection in 17 children with nephrotic syndrome (24–96 months of age) and 10 healthy children (27–84 months of age).
Results: Serum levels of Factors I and B were found to be lowered in the active disease group compared with the control group. These values were lowest for the infection group. Although it was observed that these values increased with steroid treatment, they did not reach normal levels. The parameters in remission were not different from the parameters in the control subjects. The serum level of C3 was found to be high during the active disease state and returned to normal levels during remission.
Conclusions: The patients with active minimal change disease had infections such as peritonitis, septicemia and urinary tract infection because of low concentrations of Factors I and B in their sera.     

Adaptative effects of loss of vision on upright undisturbed stance

In order to evaluate the long term effect of blindness on an undisturbed postural task, seven blind individuals (BLI) were compared to twelve healthy individuals (REF) who were required to close their eyes. To this aim, centre of pressure (CP) trajectories were recorded through a force platform on which the subjects remained upright. Through a low-pass filter, the vertical projection of the centre of gravity (CG(v)) and consequently the difference CP-CG(v) were estimated. The former represents the controlled variable whilst the latter is assumed to express the resultant joint stiffness. A first analysis consisted in studying the frequency distribution of these motions. Increased mean amplitudes in both elementary motions and no difference between frequency distributions were observed for the BLI when compared to the REF group. These trajectories were then modelled as a fractional Brownian motion process in order to gain insight about the nature of the control mechanisms called into play and their spatio-temporal organisation. Moreover, the main characteristic observed in the BLI group is a decreased in CP-CG(v) motions, which, according to Winter's model, may be related to joint stiffness. In addition, reduced spatial transition point co-ordinates and more deterministic control mechanisms aimed at returning the estimated CG to an equilibrium point during the longest Deltat were observed. This phenomenon is more pronounced in the antero-posterior direction and also allows the blind subject to significantly diminish their CG sways. Finally, these features are discussed in relation to other similarly analysed investigations.     

儿童血友病429例临床回顾分析

目的探讨血友病患儿确诊时间、症状及其关节畸形等情况。 方法天津血液学研究所血液病医院于1986年7月至2004年8月，对就诊的429例血友病患儿临床症状出现时间、诊断时间及关节畸形出现的时间进行分析。 结果429例血友病患儿，均为男性，血友病A共390例，占909%，其中亚临床型5例(13%),轻型43例(110%)，中型181例(464%)，重型161例(413%)；血友病B共39例，占91%，其中亚临床型2例(51%),轻型6例(154%)，中型26例(667%)，重型5例(128%)。患儿初次出现出血症状的中位年龄为16岁(0~12岁)；但初次诊断年龄03~120岁，中位年龄为52岁(03~120岁)，两者之间差异具有显著性意义(P<001)。 结论目前血友病患儿的诊断存在延迟，替代治疗疗程和因子剂量的不足是关节畸形高发生率的原因。     

糖尿病并心电图缺血性ST-T改变相关因素分析

目的探讨糖尿病人发生心电图缺血性ST-T改变的发生率及相关影响因素。方法对比分析糖尿病人在不同危险因素(高血压、高脂血症、病程5年上下、同时合并有高血压和高脂血症)的情况下,发生心电图缺血性ST-T改变的发生率。结果合并高血压时发生率为64.5%,合并高脂血症时发生率为56.3%,同时合并高血压和高脂血症时发生率为66.7%(且呈广泛ST-T改变),病程>5年的发生率为49.3%,均明显高于不伴高血压、高血脂及病程<5年者,均P<0.05。结论糖尿病合并高血压、高脂血症、同时有高血压和高脂血症及病程>5年的发生心肌缺血性ST-T改变的危险性明显增加。糖尿病如合并其他危险因素存在,应在控制血糖的同时尽早对其他危险因素进行干预。     

Age at onset of schizophrenia: gender differences and influence of temporal socioeconomic change

This study was undertaken to examine whether males develop schizophrenia at a younger age than females, and whether temporal socioeconomic change affects the age at onset of schizophrenia. The subjects were 848 ICD-9 schizophrenics who were admitted to Nihon University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan, during the period of 1955-64 (n = 468 (214 males and 254 females), group A) or during the period of 1982-91 (n = 380 (220 males and 160 females). group B). Schizophrenic males showed an earlier age at onset than schizophrenic females. However, the mean age at onset of schizophrenia did not differ significantly between group A and group B. These results indicate that the gender difference in age at onset of schizophrenia has not been influenced by temporal socioeconomic change.     

系统性红斑狼疮患者的症状群及其网络分析

目的 描述系统性红斑狼疮患者症状群的构成,并运用网络分析探索群内症状之间的关系,为症状管理提供依据。方法 采取便利抽样原则选取201例系统性红斑狼疮患者为研究对象。采用一般资料调查表、系统性红斑狼疮症状清单对患者进行调查。症状群的提取采用探索性因子分析,以JASP软件绘制网络分析图及各症状中心指标图,分析群内症状之间的关系。结果 系统性红斑狼疮患者疲劳的发生率最高(64.7%),共提取5个症状群：疲劳相关症状群、体质量增加相关症状群、瘙痒-疼痛相关症状群、皮肤改变症状群、身体形象症状群。经过网络分析,对太阳光过敏在所有集群中的强度和紧密度最高,情绪改变的中介度最高。结论 系统性红斑狼疮患者存在症状群,各症状的影响强度不同。临床医护人员需密切关注患者症状,通过改善核心症状来改变群内与之相关的其他症状,进一步提高患者的生活质量。     

上颌骨前牵引对犬眶下神经的影响

目的:观察犬双侧上颌骨前牵引的不同时期眶下神经组织学结构的改变,探讨其对眶下神经的影响。方法:选12周龄杂种犬13只为实验对象,实验组12只,用特制牵引器进行上颌骨前牵引;对照组1只,未配戴牵引器。牵引过程包括15d牵引期和20d固定期,牵引力为800g。于术后不同时间点分组处死动物,取双侧眶下神经,制成常规切片,光镜下观察不同时期的神经组织形态。结果:随着牵引的进行,上颌骨明显前移,眶下神经出现明显病理变化,牵引结束时神经损伤最严重;固定期神经出现修复性变化。结论:双侧上颌骨前牵引对眶下神经可产生一定的损伤,但这种损伤是暂时的、可逆的,随着时间的延长,神经的形态结构可恢复正常。     

How Does the Gus Schumacher Nutrition Incentive Program Work? A Theory of Change

Increased fruit and vegetable (FV) intake is associated with decreased risk of nutrition-related chronic diseases. Sociodemographic disparities in FV intake indicate the need for strategies that promote equitable access to FVs. The United States Department of Agriculture’s Gus Schumacher Nutrition Incentive Program (GusNIP) supports state and local programs that offer nutrition incentives (NIs) that subsidize purchase of FVs for people participating in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP). While a growing body of research indicates NIs are effective, the pathways through which GusNIP achieves its results have not been adequately described. We used an equity-focused, participatory process to develop a retrospective Theory of Change (TOC) to address this gap. We reviewed key program documents; conducted a targeted NI literature review; and engaged GusNIP partners, practitioners, and participants through interviews, workshops, and focus groups in TOC development. The resulting TOC describes how GusNIP achieves its long-term outcomes of increased participant FV purchases and intake and food security and community economic benefits. GusNIP provides NIs and promotes their use, helps local food retailers develop the capacity to sell FVs and accept NIs in accessible and welcoming venues, and supports local farmers to supply FVs to food retailers. The TOC is a framework for understanding how GusNIP works and a tool for improving and expanding the program.     

体质从化理论在诊治手足口病中的应用

体质从化理论肇始于《内经》等经典著作,对临床治疗急性热病具有较强的指导作用。手足口病的临床转归与感染者体质因素有密切的关系,感染者体质决定患者是否发病,以及是否能发展为危重症。手足口病的病邪兼具有热、湿的某些特点,其传变符合"实则阳明、虚则太阴"的规律。基于体质从化理论,应根据其病机转变趋势,采用早期截断病势的治疗原则。应深入临床研究,从中医体质从化理论以及现代医学疾病易感性方面深入研究,寻找客观的物质基础,更加科学有效地指导手足口病的诊治。