两种产后立即放置TCu380A宫内节育器方法的比较——910例12个月随访分析

目的：比较徒手和卵圆钳两种方法对产后立即放置（ＩＰＰＩ）宫内节育器（ＩＵＤ）效果的影响。方法：将９１０例阴道分娩产妇（其中９７．７％是首次分娩）随机分成两组，于胎盘娩出后１０分钟内放置ＴＣｕ３８０ＡＩＵＤ，其中４７０例徒手放置（手放组），４４０例用卵圆钳放置（钳放组）。随访１２个月，以生命表法统计、χ２检验比较两种放置方法的脱落率、妊娠率、因症取出率等。结果：６和１２个月的随访率分别为９５．１６％和９２．６４％。９１０例中未发生子宫穿孔和感染，仅手放组有１例带器妊娠。放置后主要停用原因是脱落，手放组与钳放组１２个月的粗累积脱落率分别为１５．８６／１００妇女和１５．８８／１００妇女，因症（出血、疼痛）取出率分别为２．１１／１００妇女和１．５７／１００妇女，差异无显著性（Ｐ均＞０．０５）。结论：徒手放置或卵圆钳放置对ＩＰＰＩ的效果无明显影响；ＴＣｕ３８０ＡＩＵＤ适合中国妇女产后立即放置。     

Increased placental apoptosis in intrauterine growth restriction

OBJECTIVES: Our purpose was to investigate a possible role for apoptosis in the pathophysiologic mechanisms of intrauterine growth restriction. STUDY DESIGN: Placental samples were obtained from 43 uncomplicated third-trimester pregnancies and from 26 pregnancies complicated by intrauterine growth restriction. The definition used to identify cases of intrauterine growth restriction depended on three criteria: clinical evidence of suboptimal growth, ultrasonographic evidence of deviation from an appropriate growth percentile, and individualized birth weight ratios <10th percentile. Light microscopy was used to quantify the incidence of apoptosis. Electron microscopy and TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase–mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labeling) staining were used to confirm the occurrence of apoptosis. RESULTS: Quantification of apoptosis (medians and interquartile ranges) resulted in the following values: normal third trimester (n = 43) 0.14% of cells (0.08% to 0.20%) and intrauterine growth restriction third trimester (n  = 26) 0.24% of cells (0.16% to 0.29%). The incidence of apoptosis was significantly higher in placentas from pregnancies with intrauterine growth restriction compared with normal third-trimester placentas (p < 0.01, Mann Whitney U test). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that apoptosis may play a role in the pathophysiologic mechanisms of intrauterine growth restriction.(Am J Obstet Gynecol 1997;177:401)     

孕妇血清HBV-DNA含量对预测胎儿宫内感染的临床价值

目的:探讨孕妇血清HBV-DNA含量对预测胎儿宫内感染的临床价值。方法:应用聚合酶链反应(PCR)法检 测103例乙型肝炎表面抗原(HBsAg)阳性孕妇的血清HBV-DNA含量,并对相关因素进行分析。结果:103例HBsAg阳性孕妇 的HBV-DNA检出阳性率为56%,胎儿宫内感染率为12.6％,且胎儿宫内感染率随血清HBV-DNA含量的增加而升高, HBV-DNA含量与胎儿宫内感染率呈正相关(r=0.572,P<0.01)。结论:孕妇血清HBV-DNA含量可间接预测胎儿宫内感染 的发生率。     

Intrauterine growth restriction—genetic causes and consequences

Intrauterine growth restriction is known to be associated with many medical problems for the baby, both before and after delivery. The mechanisms involved in fetal growth are not well understood, with an increasing range of metabolic diseases being implicated. Several key genes involved in normal embryonic and fetal growth and development are now known to be imprinted. Disruption of this parent-specific mono-allelic expression causes phenotypic changes, many of which are important for growth and development. Two growth disorders, Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome and Silver–Russell syndrome, are discussed in detail as they represent well-characterized phenotypes that arise as a consequence of disrupted imprinting. These human models will allow us to elucidate key genes and mechanisms important in normal fetal growth.     

应用小剂量阿斯匹林提高宫腔内授精妊娠率的临床观察

目的:本研究采用前瞻性随机双盲的方法,探讨小剂量阿斯匹林对提高宫腔内授精(IUI)妊娠率的临床效果。方法:采用CC/HMG/HCG方案促排卵,将行IUI的114例不孕妇女随机分为两组:观察组57例,于月经第1-20天连续服用阿斯匹林75mg/d;对照组57例,服用安慰剂。分别于排卵前1天和排卵后10天检测两组对象子宫动脉 血流阻力指数(RI)、子宫内膜形态、厚度及妊娠率。结果:两组妊娠率分别为24.6％和14％,子宫内膜呈三线征发生率分别为75.4％和50.8％,经比较均有显著性差异(P<0.01);与对照组比较,观察组RI显著降低(P<0.01),子宫内膜明显增厚(P<0.01)。结论:小剂量阿 斯匹林可改善子宫内膜发育,提高IUI妊娠率。     

尼尔雌醇在绝经后取宫内节育器中的应用

目的:探讨绝经后取宫内节育器前服用尼尔雌醇片的价值。方法:148例绝经后要求取出宫内节育器的妇女,随机分成两组,一组为直接取器组73例,按常规方法直接取出宫内节育器;另一组为服药组75例,顿服4 mg尼尔雌醇片1周后再取出宫内节育器,2组均在B超监测下取器。结果:直接取器组取器成功率为85%,用药组取器成功率为100%,两组有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论:对于绝经后妇女,直接取器易造成IUD取出困难及失败,通过术前服用尼尔雌醇改善宫颈条件,可以提高取环的成功率。     

Perforation of the bowel from intrauterine contraceptive devices: case series and discussion

The intrauterine contraceptive device is used extensively in the female population. Serious complications are rare, but they do occur. We discuss three cases of bowel perforation caused by these devices following their perforation through the uterine wall. It is important that cases of perforation be recognised swiftly and the possibility of involvement of other organs considered.     

Ⅱ型排卵障碍女性使用克罗米芬或来曲唑诱导排卵的AID临床结局及妊娠结局比较

目的 比较Ⅱ型排卵障碍女性使用克罗米芬(CC)方案或来曲唑(LE)方案诱导排卵后供精人工授精(AID)周期的临床结局和妊娠结局.方法 回顾性分析2012年1月至2019年8月578名Ⅱ型排卵障碍妇女在我中心完成的1 253个AID周期的超声监测数据及临床资料.比较单用CC或LE或联合促性腺激素(Gn)诱导排卵的AID周...     

取环致宫腔化脓性感染引发腰椎间盘炎一例报道并文献复习

宫腔化脓性感染是一种严重的盆腔炎性疾病(PID),主要表现为发热、腹痛、阴道分泌物增多等症状。椎间盘炎是发生于椎间盘间隙和邻近椎体或软骨板的感染性病变,其症状及体征缺乏特异性,临床上容易诊断延迟直至出现椎体骨质破坏及下肢肌力减弱。本文报道了1例因取环手术引发宫腔化脓性感染进而引发腰椎间盘炎,出现腰痛伴行走障碍的患者,并进行了文献复习,加深了对PID的病原体、感染传播途径、诊断标准、治疗原则及其严重不良后果的认识。对于非特异性椎间隙感染,临床医生除实验室检查及影像学检查之外,还应仔细询问病史并了解病情的演变过程,及时诊断并进行手术治疗。     

单孔局麻胸腔镜滑石粉胸膜粘连术治疗气胸

目的评价在单孔局麻气管镜下喷洒滑石粉治疗重症气胸安全性和临床效果。方法回顾分析江西省胸科医院2009年7月至2011年7月,经单孔局麻气管镜下喷洒滑石粉治疗重症气胸20例。临床资料:其中男17例,女3例,患者持续漏气7d以上,或反复发作,肺功能差或者合并哮喘等基础疾病不能耐受手术。采用冲洗器和引流管制成的简易装置向胸腔内喷洒5g医用滑石粉,气管镜下观察到滑石粉在胸膜腔内均匀分布,置28F胸管引流直至无漏气,术后复查胸片观察肺复张情况。结果20例患者中17例治愈,13例胸痛,9例发热,3例皮下气肿,3例持续漏气,拔管中位时间为5d(3d-8d),在随访期间(18-42个月)[中位时间36个月]无复发。无重大并发症发生。结论单孔局麻支气管镜下喷洒滑石粉治疗重症气胸是一项安全、有效、费用低廉的治疗方法,不仅可以治疗这类气胸,还可以预防气胸复发。