Metacognitive Interpersonal Therapy in group (MIT-G) for young adults with personality disorders: A pilot randomized controlled trial

Young adults with personality disorders (PD) other than borderline are in urgent need of validated treatments to help them in managing important life transitions. Therapeutic interventions focused upon social and interpersonal difficulties may facilitate these individuals in maximizing opportunities for employment, forming stable romantic relationships, and belong to social groups. It is also important that they are offered evidence-based, first-line time-limited treatments in order to maximize effectiveness and reduce costs. We developed a 16-session programme of group-based Metacognitive Interpersonal Therapy (MIT-G) including psychoeducation on the main interpersonal motives, an experiential component enabling practice of awareness of mental states; and use of mentalistic knowledge for purposeful problem-solving. We report a feasibility, acceptability, and clinical significance randomized clinical trial. Participants meeting inclusion criteria were randomized to receive MIT-G (n = 10) or waiting list+TAU (n = 10). Dropout rate was low and session attendance high (92.19%). Participants in the MIT-G arm had symptomatic and functional improvements consistent with large effect sizes. In the MIT-G arm similarly large effects were noted for increased capacity to understand mental states and regulate social interactions using mentalistic knowledge. Results were sustained at follow-up. Our findings suggest potential for applying MIT-G in larger samples to further test its effectiveness in reducing PD-related symptoms and problematic social functioning.     

Nitrogen mustard gel-induced inflammation triggers lymphomatoid papulosis in patients with mycosis fungoides

Lymphomatoid papulosis (LyP) is a paraneoplastic primary cutaneous CD30⁺ lymphoproliferative disorder (LPD) that has been associated with malignant lymphomas, most commonly mycosis fungoides (MF). We observed 10 patients with MF who developed severe inflammation after using nitrogen-mustard (NM) gel from 1 to 8 months and who developed LyP. We hypothesized that NM gel produced local inflammation, which induced CD30 expression in malignant T cells in situ leading to the appearance of LyP papules. The high frequency of induction of LyP lesions in patients with severe inflammation while on treatment with NM gel suggests an association between inflammatory stimuli and development of LyP. Our observation provides insight into the pathogenesis of CD30⁺ LPD.     

伴颞下颌关节紊乱病安氏Ⅱ类1分类错患者咀嚼运动中髁突轨迹分析

目的: 探讨伴颞下颌关节紊乱病（temporomandibular disorders,TMD）的安氏Ⅱ类1分类（Ⅱ¹）错患者咀嚼运动中髁突轨迹特征,进一步分析TMD和安氏Ⅱ¹错因素对咀嚼运动中髁突轨迹的影响。方法: 按照实验纳入标准分别收集无TMD的正常组（nTMD-N）10例、无TMD的安氏Ⅱ¹组（nTMD-Ⅱ¹）10例、伴TMD的安氏Ⅱ¹组（TMD-Ⅱ¹）14例患者。采用Cadiax Ⅳ 记录3组实验对象咀嚼运动时的髁突轨迹,利用GDSW软件测量并分析咀嚼运动轨迹的各项数据指标。采用SPSS 26.0软件包对所得结果进行统计学分析。结果: nTMD-Ⅱ¹组和TMD-Ⅱ¹组的咀嚼运动轨迹特征与nTMD-N组相比有所差异。左侧或右侧单侧咀嚼运动时,nTMD-N组、nTMD-Ⅱ¹组和TMD-Ⅱ¹组的各项数据无统计学差异。双侧咀嚼运动时,nTMD-Ⅱ¹组的SCI值显著大于nTMD-N组,nTMD-N组的S值显著大于nTMD-Ⅱ¹组（P<0.05)。结论: 单侧咀嚼运动时,TMD和安氏Ⅱ¹错因素对咀嚼运动轨迹影响较小。安氏Ⅱ¹类错因素对双侧咀嚼运动有影响,Ⅱ¹患者正常咀嚼时髁突整体运动幅度较正常者小。双侧咀嚼运动时,TMD对Ⅱ¹类患者咀嚼运动轨迹无明显影响。     

Étude de faisabilité d’une exposition thérapeutique en réalité virtuelle pour joueurs pathologiques

The experiment presented is the result of a partnership between the Paris-Nanterre University (CLIPSYD laboratory, EA 4430) and the CSAPA Imagine (Simone Veil Hospital, GH Eaubonne-Montmorency). Virtual reality immersion exposure for pathological gamblers is beneficial in the context of cognitive and behavioral interventions. It can be used to evoke the desire to play and to have access to automatic thoughts and mistaken beliefs of the players when they find themselves in a gambling context. Exposure is used until the urge to play diminishes and disappears which is the process of desensitization or extinction.ObjectiveThe objective of the study was to investigate the possibilities implemented by virtual reality in the case of an exhibition for pathological gamers to create a desire to play and work with the patient in an environment identical to the ecological one. Two hypotheses were proposed. On the one hand, the virtual reality exhibition will help to change the desire to play in relation to the game. On the other hand, virtual exhibition sessions associated with cognitive restructuring will have a greater impact on the perception of reality.MethodAfter a diagnosis was made, participation in the study was offered to patients (n = 10) in routine care and able to participate (exclusion criteria). It consisted of four virtual reality exposure sessions integrated with traditional care. Exposure did not exceed 20 minutes. To carry out this study we used the virtual reality headset “Oculus Rift CV1” and the headphones measuring EEG waves, “Emotiv Epoc”. A battery of questionnaires were proposed to evaluate gambling-related behaviors (ICJP, GRCS, UPPS), to analyze the interest of the virtual reality exhibition (SIS, CGI, TEI, EVA), and to glimpse the immersion abilities (QEP and QPI).ResultsTen participants aged 25 to 60 agreed to participate in the study. The results of this study demonstrated the viability of RV gamers’ exposure as a tool that can help reduce pathological gambling symptoms and the severity perceived by therapists (CPI: t = 1.6, P = 0.001; CGI: t = 4.87, P = 0.001) between the beginning of the care and the end of the care and at D+1. We were also able to observe significant results (P < 0.05) concerning a decrease in cognitive distortions (GRCS tot, Illusion of control, Power of prediction, Favorable interpretation).ConclusionThe feasibility study shows that the desire to play is very present during the virtual reality exhibition in accordance with literature studies. The results also demonstrate the utility of virtual reality to allow the patient to elaborate on the cognitive distortions associated with the practice of pathological gambling. From a therapeutic point of view, the results suggest that virtual reality can increase the effectiveness of cognitive restructuring and increase understanding of the urge to play related to stimuli in the environment of play.     

"互联网+"时代,微课在临床护理教学中的应用

目的在"互联网+"时代背景下,研究微课组织模式以及在临床护理教学中的应用效果。方法通过建立微信数据平台,并让护生在教学中进行微课视频的录制实践,建立一套完整的微课互动良性教学模式,让护生参与教学全过程,增强了教学实操效果。选取大连医科大学附属第二医院实习护士60人随机分成两组,实验组和对照组,各30人。实验组采用新型微课教学模式,对照组采用传统的教学模式,最终通过考核的方法对教学效果进行评价,比较两组教学模式的差异。结果研究团队建成了一套微信教学模式和体系,通过教学成果考察得到,实验组考试成绩及综合能力考评结果均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论微课教学凸显了学生在教学中的参与性,与传统模式相比提升了教学效果,是一种值得推广的教学方法。     

Mental health disorder,pain, and pain treatment among long-term care residents: Evidence from the Minimum Data Set 3.0

Objective: This study evaluated: (a) associations between long-term care residents’ mental health disorder diagnoses and their pain self-reports and pain treatments, and (b) the extent to which communication, cognitive, and physical functioning problems help explain disparities in the pain and pain treatments of long-term care residents with and without mental health disorders.

Method: Minimum Data Set 3.0 records of 8,300 residents of Department of Veterans Affairs Community Living Centers were used to determine statistically unadjusted and adjusted cross-sectional associations between residents' mental health diagnoses and their pain and pain treatments.

Results: Residents diagnosed with dementia and serious mental illness (SMI) were less likely, and those diagnosed with depressive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and substance use disorder (SUD) were more likely, to report recent, severe, and debilitating pain. Among residents affirming recent pain, those with dementia or SMI diagnoses were twice as likely to obtain no treatment for their pain and significantly less likely to receive as-needed pain medication and non-pharmacological pain treatments than were other residents. Those with either depressive disorder or PTSD were more likely, and those with SUD less likely, to obtain scheduled pain medication. In general, these associations remained even after statistically adjusting for residents' demographic characteristics, other mental health disorder diagnoses, and functioning.

Conclusion: Long-term care residents with mental health disorders experience disparities in pain and pain treatment that are not well-explained by their functioning deficits. They may benefit from more frequent, thorough pain assessments and from more varied and closely tailored pain treatment approaches.     

Developing a Risk Score to Guide Individualized Treatment Selection in Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

ObjectiveTo develop a risk score for treatment failure that could potentially be used to individualize treatment selection between lisdexamfetamine dimesylate (LDX) and osmotic-release oral system methylphenidate (OROS-MPH) in children and adolescents with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).MethodsThe study used data from patients with ADHD receiving LDX (N = 104) or OROS-MPH (N = 107) in a phase III randomized clinical trial. A prediction model was developed to estimate risk scores for failing OROS-MPH, where treatment failure was defined as less than 25% improvement in the ADHD Rating Scale IV total score from baseline. Patients were ranked by their predicted risks of OROS-MPH failure to define high-risk subpopulations. Outcomes of LDX and OROS-MPH were compared within subpopulations.ResultsThe prediction model for OROS-MPH failure selected seven predictors (age, disease duration, and five ADHD Rating Scale IV item scores) and had an in-sample C statistic of 0.860. Among all patients, LDX had a 17% (95% confidence interval 7.1%–27.8%) lower treatment failure rate than that of OROS-MPH; differences in failure rates ranged from 17% to 43% across subpopulations, increasingly enriched for high-risk patients. Similar heterogeneity across subgroups was observed for other efficacy measures.ConclusionsIn the overall trial population, LDX was associated with a lower rate of treatment failure compared with OROS-MPH in patients with ADHD. A more pronounced benefit of LDX over OROS-MPH was observed among subpopulations with a higher predicted risk of failing OROS-MPH. The present study showed the feasibility of individualizing treatment selection. Future research is needed to prospectively verify these results.     

The inflammatory event of birth: How oxytocin signaling may guide the development of the brain and gastrointestinal system

The role of oxytocin (OT) as a neuropeptide that modulates social behavior has been extensively studied and reviewed, but beyond these functions, OT’s adaptive functions at birth are quite numerous, as OT coordinates many physiological processes in the mother and fetus to ensure a successful delivery. In this review we explore in detail the potential adaptive roles of oxytocin as an anti-inflammatory, protective molecule at birth for the developing fetal brain and gastrointestinal system based on evidence that birth is a potent inflammatory/immune event. We discuss data with relevance for a number of neurodevelopmental disorders, as well as the emerging role of the gut-brain axis for health and disease. Finally, we discuss the potential relevance of sex differences in OT signaling present at birth in the increased male vulnerability to neurodevelopmental disabilities.