Design principles for the use of simulation as an aid in interventional cardiology training

Learning complex skills through simulation is a goal for training physicians in specialties such as interventional cardiology, where traditional training puts patients at risk. Intuitively, interactive simulation of anatomy, pathology and therapeutic actions should lead to shortening of the learning curve for novice or inexperienced physicians. An accurate recreation of the interactions among anatomy, pathology and therapeutic actions is a necessary, but not sufficient, condition for the development of a simulation-based training system. In addition to real-time graphic interactivity coupled with haptic response, a successful training tool will require features of a 'learning system' such as: an embedded curriculum, functionality that allows rehearsal and practice, hypertext links to educational information, personal archiving, and instructor review and testing capabilities. We describe how such a system might look for the field of interventional cardiology, and suggest that designing a simulation with both technical and pedagogical fidelity is essential in developing simulation-based training systems in any field of medicine.     

Characteristics of frequent attenders in different age and sex groups in primary health care

Objective. To explore depression from a gender perspective, by capturing depressed women's and men's formulations of their experiences and understanding of their situation. Design. Qualitative interview study. Setting. A healthcare centre in northern Sweden. Subjects. Eighteen patients who had been diagnosed with depression and treated for at least 6 months were interviewed in depth, both women and men of different ages and social status. Open questions were posed around the themes of Malterud's key questions, focusing especially on how the informants conveyed their experiences. Interviewing and qualitative data analysis went on simultaneously. Results. The experience of depression held similarities for men and women, but the outward manifestations differed by gender as well as socioeconomic status. Though experiences of high demands underlay the narratives of all informants, home or work had different priority. Men talked more easily about physical distress – often the heart – than about emotions. Women verbalized more readily emotional distress – shame and guilt – while physical symptoms often revolved around the stomach. Men dealt with insecurity by aggrandizing their previous competence, women by self-effacement. Conclusion. As clinicians we must listen attentively not only to the manifest but to the avoided or unarticulated. By doing so we might counteract normative gender patterns that highlight the depression of women and conceal that of men.     

American Adult Use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Editor's Note: In 2004, a study of usage of complementary and alternative medicine among 31,000 American adults revealed that 36% of the population now uses CAM. CAM is defined and usage patterns are described. The survey instrument was developed by the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine and the Center for Disease Control and Prevention National Center for Health Statistics.     

跟骨接骨板内固定治疗跟骨碎折

目的 总结46例62侧跟骨碎折采用跟骨接骨板内固定治疗的临床疗效.方法 该组病人均采用骨折切开复位跟骨接骨板内固定的方法进行治疗.术前常规拍X线平片及CT片,对骨折的情况进行评估,伤后7～10天待肿胀消退后再进行手术.术中在“C“行臂X线机透视下进行复位,固定.术后常规治疗、护理,定期随访.结果 46例62侧骨折全部愈合,无跟骨感染的发生.经过随访,其中21例术后出现距下关节僵直及行走时距下关节不同程度的疼痛,可能与距下关节面碎折严重有关.结论 跟骨接骨板内固定治疗跟骨碎折有较好的疗效.     

明代地方医学存在的问题及其对策--以吕坤《振举医学》为中心

明中叶以后,随着商品经济的发展,地方医学的弊端逐渐显现,主要有：地方医官地位较低,被地方官员随意差遣;医药经费管理混乱,地方官员挪用药材银两,医官与药商串通骗价问题严重;医生治病不专业,医疗事故频频发生;医学场所荒废不修或变价不存的问题普遍存在。吕坤在《振举医学》中对医政管理、医学教育提出了一系列对策,包括：着力提高医官地位,要求精通医学的人担任医官;严格管理药材银两,保证药材经费的稳定性;强调医术的专与精,鼓励医生熟读医书;对医生的监督和管理更加严格,并将医疗事故纳入司法程序;借助民间社会力量进行医疗救助,使民间力量成为官办地方医学的重要补充。     

Relationship between Ulcerative Colitis and Lung Injuries

Objective To explore the relationship between ulcerative colitis (UC) and lung injuries by assessing their clinical manifestations and characteristics.
Methods From July 2009 to April 2012, 91 UC patients presenting to Longhua Hospital who met the established inclusion and exclusion criteria were enrolled in this retrospective study. According to the scores of disease activity index, the patients were divided into the mild, moderate, and severe groups. Meanwhile, the records of pulmonary symptoms, chest X-ray image, and pulmonary function were reviewed.
Results Sixty-eight (74.7%) patients had at least 1 pulmonary symptom, such as cough (38.5%), shortness of breath (27.5%), and expectoration (17.6%). And 77 (84.6%) had at least 1 ventilation abnormality. Vital capacity value was significantly lower in the severe group than that in the mild group (91.82%±10.38%vs. 98.92%±12.12%, P<0.05).
Conclusions Lung injury is a common extraintestinal complication of UC. According to the theory in Traditional Chinese Medicine that the lung and large intestine are related, both the lungs and large intestine should be treated simultaneously.     

Endovascular Treatment of the Internal Iliac Artery in Peripheral Arterial Disease

In patients with peripheral arterial disease not much is known about the relationship between the localization of the pain and the localization of arterial occlusions in the iliac arteries. Occlusions high in the iliac arteries are assumed to be able to induce pain in the buttocks and upper leg as well as pain in the calves. Several case reports show that the symptoms of arteriosclerotic lesions in the internal iliac artery are often atypical and not easy to diagnose. In this report, 3 patients with internal iliac artery occlusions who were treated with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) are described. One patient had isolated pain in the buttock region. In the other 2 patients the initial pain was focused on the buttock region with extension to the calves during exercise. After PTA, 2 patients were free of symptoms, while in the other patient the symptoms improved but did not disappear. Future research should clarify the relation between certain arterial occlusions and the location of the pain.     

下颈椎后路内固定器对失稳颈椎固定作用的生物力学评价

目的 评价下颈椎后路内固定器重建失稳颈椎稳定性的生物力学性能。方法 5具新鲜颈椎尸体标本制造脱位模型后依次用棘突钢丝、侧块螺钉、自制螺钉、椎弓根螺钉固定，用脊柱三维运动测量系统测算其运动范围。结果 棘突钢丝在屈伸和侧弯时的运动范围可恢复完整颈椎水平，但旋转时的运动范围比完整颈椎大。侧块螺钉和自制螺钉的运动范围均较完整颈椎小，且侧弯和旋转的运动范围明显小于棘突钢丝。椎弓根螺钉侧弯和旋转的运动范围最小。内固定相邻节段的运动范围虽有变化，但差异无显著性(P＞0．05)。结论 棘突钢丝可重建失稳颈椎的屈伸稳定性，但侧弯和旋转稳定性欠佳，侧块螺钉和自制螺钉优于棘突钢丝，椎弓根螺钉的稳定性最强。     

通用型脊柱内固定系统稳定性的生物力学评价

目的　评价通用型脊柱内固定系统经椎弓根内固定装置的生物力学稳定性。　方法取 12具正常成人新鲜尸体T12 ～S3 节段脊柱标本 ,制成L2 3 、L4 5滑脱模型 ,测试标本在正常、滑脱、通用型脊柱内固定系统 (generalspinesystem ,GSS)与SOCON固定后、疲劳试验后、GSS与SOCON翻修后、再次疲劳试验后 6种请状况下的三维运动状况 ,比较各个工况数据的差异。　结果　L2 3 节段 ,正常状态前屈运动范围平均值为 8 3° ;制成滑脱标本后 ,运动范围平均值为 14 7° ;SOCON固定后 ,节段运动范围减至 3 0°,比正常状态的运动范围减小 ,差异有显著性意义 (P <0 0 5 ) ,说明SOCON固定后可产生明显的即刻稳定作用。疲劳试验后节段运动范围平均值为 3 6°,与正常状态比较 ,差异有显著性意义 (P <0 0 5 ) ,说明经过疲劳试验SOCON固定仍有良好的稳定作用。L4 5节段 ,正常状态前屈运动范围平均值为 8 6°;制成滑脱标本后 ,运动范围平均值为 13 7° ;GSS固定后 ,节段运动范围减至 3 2°,该节段的稳定性得到加强 ,运动范围比正常状态时还要小 ,差异有显著性意义 (P <0 0 5 ) ,说明GSS固定后可产生明显的即刻稳定作用。疲劳试验后节段运动范围平均值为 3 7°。与正常状态比较 ,差异有显著性意义 (P 相似文献   

术前慢性病对高龄股骨粗隆间骨折手术患者疗效的影响

目的探讨术前慢性病对股骨近端髓内钉(PFN)内固定治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折疗效的影响。方法回顾性分析我院2008年1月至2013年5月收治的诊断为股骨粗隆间骨折并采用PFN内固定治疗的286例高龄患者的临床资料,根据术前是否有慢性病将其分为两组,A组96例,术前无慢性病,B组190例,术前患有慢性病,比较两组患者的围手术期失血量、术后3、6、12个月术侧髋关节Harris评分及术后并发症发生情况。结果 B组患者围手术期失血总量、显性失血量、隐性失血量均高于A组(P<0.05);A组在术后3个月、6个月、12个月的Harris髋关节功能评分均明显高于B组(P<0.05),术后并发症发生率B组明显高于A组(P<0.05)。结论术前合并慢性病会对股骨PFN内固定治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折疗效造成影响,因此术前合并慢性病者要综合评估,加强处理,积极治疗可预防并发症的发生。