Evolving role of skin sparing mastectomy

Skin sparing mastectomy (SSM) can facilitate immediate breast reconstruction and is associated with an excellent aesthetic result. The procedure is safe in selected cases; including invasive tumours < 5 cm, multi-centric tumours, ductal carcinoma in situ and for risk-reduction surgery. Inflammatory breast cancers and tumours with extensive involvement of the skin represent contra-indications to SSM due to an unacceptable risk of local recurrence. Prior breast irradiation or the need for post-mastectomy radiotherapy do not preclude SSM, however the aesthetic outcome may be compromised. Preservation of the nipple areola complex is safe for peripherally located node negative tumours. An intraoperative frozen section protocol for the retro-areolar tissue should be considered in these cases. The advent of acellular tissue matrix systems has enhanced the scope of implant-based immediate reconstruction following SSM. Cell-assisted fat transfer is emerging as a promising technique to optimise the aesthetic outcome.     

Influences on Intentions to Place Long-Acting Reversible Contraceptives: A Pilot Study Comparing According to Provider Specialty in Ohio

Study Objective

According to the American Academy of Pediatrics, pediatricians are to counsel and provide long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs) as first line of defense contraceptives because they are the most effective. We wanted to explore positive influences on LARC placement for pediatricians, particularly compared with providers in other specialties who care for women.

AZ31镁合金材料植入物在兔股骨髁内的降解：Micro-CT评价

BACKGROUND: Magnesium can be degraded voluntarily in vivo, so a second surgery is avoided. However, its alloys have not been widely used in the clinical orthopedics because there is a lack of accurate and reliable methods to assess its degradation in vivo. OBJECTIVE: To explore the degradation of micro-arc-oxidized AZ31 magnesium alloy in the femoral condyle of rabbits based on micro-CT images and relative data. METHODS: Forty micro-arc-oxidized AZ31 magnesium alloys were implanted into the right femoral condyle of 40 New Zealand rabbits. Then 10 right femoral condyles were removed at 5, 10, 15 and 20 weeks after surgery, respectively, to quantitatively analyze and evaluate the degradation of AZ31 magnesium alloys by micro-CT images and relative data. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The surface of AZ31 alloys was corroded progressively with dark color and distorted appearance at 5-20 weeks post implantation. Micro-CT images showed that in the first 5 weeks, the degradation was inactive, and at the 10th week, it turned active; at the 15th week, the corrosion pits were obviously increased in number, and the corrosion area and corrosion speed were enlarged and fastened, respectively. Up to the 20th week, the alloy surfaces were full of corrosion pits besides roughness and discontinuity. Relevant data analysis showed that the volume fraction of magnesium alloy was 98.6%, 97.1% and 86.4% at the 5th, 10th and 20th weeks after implantation, respectively, and it had a significant decrease from the 10th to 15th week and from the 15th to 20th week (P < 0.05). Within 15-20 weeks, the volume fraction of magnesium alloy was decreased by 6.5% that was the maximum volume reduction per unit cycle. With the progress of corrosion, the surface continuously became rough and vague, and its surface area was enlarged; the ratio of surface area to volume continuously increased, and there was a significant difference at 15 and 20 weeks (P < 0.05). Because of the increasing number of corrosion pits, the cross-sectional radius decreased, which was reflected by the trabecular thickness decreasing from 1.00 to 0.87 mm. From the view of the slope of curve, the trabecular thickness decreased most rapidly at 10-15 weeks. The mineral density of magnesium alloy continuously decreased from 649.302 to 356.445 mg/cm3 during the whole experiment period (P < 0.05). In addition, the micro-CT image density decreased from 679.710 to 644.947 mg/cm3, but there was no significant difference. To conclude, the degradation speed is peaked at 10-20 weeks after implantation, and the content of magnesium alloys decrease with degradation, but the magnesium density has no significant change. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料;骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性;组织工程     

不同骨科植入物修复老年髋部疾病：并发症及死亡因素分析

文章快速阅读：  文题释义：骨科植入物：通过侵入的方法,全部导入人体替代组织或保留在体内操作位置的器械;通过侵入的方法,部分导入人体并保留在操作位置至少30 d的医疗器械,也可认作是植入物。主要有骨接合植入物和骨与关节替代物等。   背景：骨科老年髋部手术患者常常合并有多种疾病,植入物置入后易发生并发症。目的：不同骨科植入物修复老年髋部疾病患者的特点及置入后并发症和死亡影响因素的研究。方法：249例老年患者分别接受全髋关节置换、股骨头置换、股骨近端髓内钉、Gamma钉、空心钉置入治疗。对不同植入物的患者的年龄、性别、髋部疾病类型、麻醉风险评估、心理精神因素、入院血红蛋白、置入前白蛋白、置入前合并症察尔森合并症指数、麻醉方式、骨科植入物、手术持续时间、术中出血、住院时间、并发症、死亡与存活进行分析。结果与结论：5种骨科植入物修复老年髋部疾病：①不同骨科植入物在患者年龄、麻醉风险评估评分、入院血红蛋白、置入前白蛋白水平方面差异有显著性意义,在住院时间、手术持续时间、术中出血量差异有显著性意义,与并发症及死亡差异无显著性意义。②住院时间、置入前白蛋白及置入前合并症察尔森合并症指数≥3是影响并发症最显著的指标。年龄、入院血红蛋白和置入前合并症察尔森合并症指数≥3是影响死亡最显著的指标。③置入前全面评估患者情况的意义：老年髋部疾病患者行手术治疗时,骨科植入物虽然不是影响置入后并发症及死亡发生的影响因素,但是实施人工关节置换的患者可早期下床负重活动,降低置入后并发症及死亡率;对于高龄、贫血、低白蛋白血症及察尔森合并症指数≥3的患者,要给予高度重视,尽早评估患者察尔森合并症指数,积极处理合并症,纠正贫血和低蛋白血症,预防置入后并发症的发生,可缩短住院时间,降低置入后死亡率。 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程 ORCID:0000-0001-5998-0857(王宸)     

具有微弧氧化-硅烷-褪黑素复合膜层钛合金种植体的体内骨结合

BACKGROUND: Imperfect strength of titanium alloy implant-bone interface delays bone healing. OBJECTIVE: In order to further improve the early healing ability of titanium dental implants, to make the surface modification of titanium alloy implant and observe the osseointegration ability of the implant. METHODS: Titanium alloy implants were coated with micro-arc oxidation (group A), micro-arc oxidation-silane (group B), and micro-arc oxidation-silane-melatonin (group C) coatings, respectively. Three kinds of implants were placed into the mandible of New Zealand white rabbits, and 2, 4, 6 weeks after implantation, implant-bone interface osseointegration was observed using cone-beam CT, fluorescence microscopy, and torsion test. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Cone-beam CT examination: 6 weeks after implantation, the osseointegration of the implant with the mandible achieved the best results in the group C, followed by group B and group A. (2) Fluorescence microscope observation: the implants in the three groups exhibited the strongest fluorescence at 4 weeks and slightly weakened at 6 weeks, and the fluorescence intensity was higher in the group C than the other two groups. (3) Torsion test: with implantation time prolonged, the implant-bone osseointegration activity gradually increased in the three groups, while it was still highest in the group C (P < 0.05). In summary, our results show that the titanium alloy implant coated with micro-arc oxidation-silane-melatonin composite coating has higher osseointegration activity and promotes bone formation.     

Osseointegrated implants for single tooth replacement in general practice: A 1-year report from a multicentre prospective study

The single tooth implant is a treatment option for the replacement of missing single teeth and in many cases is the treatment of choice. It is, however, an expensive treatment requiring a co-ordinated approach to the surgical and restorative aspects of treatment. In this study, a group of dentists in general and restorative dental practice and with no previous experience in implant surgery underwent an intensive training course in all aspects of implant treatment for single teeth. Using a system of simplified instrumentation with a strict adherence to protocol, the group installed and restored single tooth implants ad modum Brånemark in a wide range of clinical situations. At the one year follow-up period following crown insertion, the success rate of treatment compared favourably with results reported from centres using the specialist team approach to treatment. The results of this study indicate that further consideration should be given to the training of general dentists so that improved delivery of dental health care can be provided at a more economic level.     

Prosthodontic procedures for implant reconstruction. 1. Diagnostic procedures

The University of Sydney Dental School and more recently the Implant Centre have been treating patients with the Brånemark Osseointegration Implant System since 1981. Success depends on close cooperation between surgeon and prosthodontist. This paper describes specific prosthodontic treatment planning procedures based on a general knowledge of prosthodontics, and detailed methods for determining the position, length and alignments of the implants for a specific case by the use of radiographic and surgical templates.     

Implant-supported titanium prostheses following augmentation procedures: a clinical report

BACKGROUND: This report describes a novel technique for fabricating retrievable implant-supported titanium (Ti) prostheses in patients requiring a comprehensive treatment plan involving the combined efforts of maxillofacial surgery and implant prosthodontics. METHODS: Following bone graft reconstructive surgery and implant placement prosthetic treatment was initiated by inserting ITI-Octa abutments. An impression was made, and a framework was fabricated by fusing Ti-cast frameworks to prefabricated titanium copings by laser-welding. This was followed by veneering or fabrication of a removable denture with Ti metal re-enforcement. RESULTS: Favourable clinical results have been achieved using these screw-retained Ti implant-supported restorations for patients treated with reconstructive bone graft-surgery, with clinical observation periods ranging from three to four years. CONCLUSIONS: The present observations suggest that these screw-retained implant-supported Ti prostheses may be a meaningful contribution to implant prosthodontics, facilitating retrievable restorations of optimum biocompatibility, good marginal precision and with a good esthetic result. However, controlled clinical studies are needed to establish the long-term serviceability of these Ti restorations.     

无牙颌一侧上颌骨缺损种植修复后的有限元应力分析

目的:探讨无牙颌一侧上颌骨缺损种植修复后在力作用下支持组织中的应力分布特点。方法:建立无牙颌一侧上颌骨缺损种植修复的三维有限元模型,观察计算机模拟的不同修复方式以及不同加载方式作用下骨组织中的应力分布情况。结果:无论何种加载方式,在单纯健侧种植修复时,1位种植体周围骨皮质应力值均很高;双侧种植修复后无论何种加载方式1位种植体周围骨皮质的应力值都大大降低。结论:患侧植入种植体能够降低单纯健侧种植时邻近缺损处的种植体周围骨皮质应力,使支持组织中应力分布均匀合理,提高修复成功率。     

Translational research on clinically failed zirconia implants

Objectives

To provide fractographic analysis of clinically fractured zirconia implants recovered with their cemented crown. To calculate bending moments, corresponding stress and crack onset location on the implant’s fracture surface using a mathematical model integrating spatial coordinates of the crown-implant part and occlusal loading obtained from 2D and 3D images.