The differential effect of BMI on prosthetic versus autogenous breast reconstruction: A multivariate analysis of 12,986 patients

BackgroundThe comparative safety of breast reconstruction in obese patients remains to be clearly defined. This study utilized multi-institutional data to characterize the effect of body mass index (BMI) on breast reconstruction outcomes.MethodsUtilizing Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes, patients undergoing tissue expander, pedicled transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous (TRAM) flap, latissimus dorsi flap, and free flap breast reconstruction were identified in the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database. Patients were stratified as obese (BMI ≥ 30) and non-obese (BMI < 30). Overall postoperative morbidity, flap complications, non-flap complications, and reoperation rates were compared among the groups.ResultsOf 12,986 patients who underwent breast reconstruction, 3636 (28.0%) were obese. Overall morbidity was significantly elevated in obese patients across all forms of reconstruction (p < 0.05). BMI was correlated with increased surgical complications for tissue expander, pedicled TRAM, and free flap reconstructions (OR = 1.09, OR = 1.05, OR = 1.10, respectively; p < 0.05). Medical complications were higher in obese patients undergoing tissue expander and pedicled TRAM reconstructions (p = 0.001 and p < 0.001), but no significant difference was observed in latissimus and free flap reconstruction patients. Compared with obese tissue expander recipients, obese patients reconstructed using autologous tissue had higher rates of reoperations (12.8% versus 9.1%), overall morbidity (18.0% versus 9.5%), surgical (12.7% versus 8.3%), and medical complications (9.0% versus 2.2%).ConclusionsThe NSQIP database allows for evaluation and comparison of reconstructive outcomes in the obese population. Increased BMI was associated with higher morbidity in autologous reconstruction than tissue expander reconstruction. Among autologous procedures, latissimus flaps experienced the lowest captured 30 day morbidity.     

Post-mastectomy reconstruction: A risk-stratified comparative analysis of outcomes

IntroductionAlthough breast reconstruction following mastectomy plays a role in the psychological impact of breast cancer, only one in three women undergo reconstruction. Few multi-institutional studies have compared complication profiles of reconstructive patients to non-reconstructive.MethodsUsing the National Surgical Quality Improvement database, all patients undergoing mastectomy from 2006 to 2010, with or without reconstruction, were identified and risk-stratified using propensity scored quintiles. The incidence of complications and comorbidities were compared.ResultsOf 37,723 mastectomies identified, 30% received immediate breast reconstruction. After quintile matching for comorbidities, complications rates between reconstructive and non-reconstructives were similar. This trend was echoed across all quintiles, except in the sub-group with highest comorbidities. Here, the reconstructive patients had significantly more complications than the non-reconstructive (22.8% versus 7.0%, p < 0.001).ConclusionImmediate breast reconstruction is a well-tolerated surgical procedure. However, in patients with high comorbidities, surgeons must carefully counterbalance surgical risks with psychosocial benefits to maximize patient outcomes.Level of evidenceLevel 3     

不同筋膜血管蒂骨瓣植入治疗舟状骨陈旧性骨折

目的介绍利用不同筋膜血管蒂桡骨茎突骨瓣植入治疗陈旧性腕舟状骨骨折的疗效。方法2002年9月-2010年5月,采用以桡动脉返支为蒂的骨瓣,或以骨间背动脉桡侧终末支的筋膜蒂骨瓣植入结合内固定治疗腕舟状骨陈旧性骨折41例。结果38例经6～27个月（平均19．3个月）的随访,X线片显示腕舟骨骨折均在术后4～6个月获得骨性愈合,愈合率达100％。腕关节活动度为4例腕掌屈60°背伸50°34例腕掌屈达70°-80°．背伸45°-55°。腕关节活动时无疼痛。腕关节功能按Krimmer评分表测定：总体疗效为优29例,良9例。结论采用带不同血管蒂桡骨茎突骨瓣植入治疗舟状骨陈旧性骨折疗效确切。     

Guided bone regeneration using collagen membranes for sinus augmentation

We investigated the effect of guided bony regeneration using collagen membranes for sinus augmentation in the first maxillary molars of 18 adult female beagle dogs. The teeth were extracted bilaterally and the sinus floors were lifted with simultaneous implantation. The grafted material composed of a combination of autografts and Bio-oss in a 2:1 ratio. On the experimental side in each dog, collagen membrane was folded at the lateral osteotomy window, at the apex of the implants, and at a certain part of the palatal bone. On the opposite (control) side, the collagen membrane covered the osteotomy window. Six animals were killed at each of 4, 12, and 24 weeks postoperatively. Gross observation, biomechanical testing, and histological examinations were made. On the experimental side, grafted materials showed no obvious resorption or subsidence, and a new bone had formed at the apex of the implants. On the control side, the grafted materials had been shifted and absorbed. Histological examination showed increased formation of a new bone in the experimental group, which matured over time. At 4 weeks, inflammatory cells were present in the control group, which showed less maturation of the new bone. The pull-out force increased with time and, at week 24, there was a significant difference in pull-out force between the two groups (p<0.01). Guided bony regeneration with the enfolded coverage of membrane can effectively reduce resorption of grafted bone on the apical surface of implants and stimulate formation of the new bone in sinus augmentation.     

Do implant-supported dentures facilitate efficacy of eating more healthily?

Edentulous persons have poor diet quality demonstrating a need for dietary intervention. Implant-supported mandibular overdentures (IODs) have functional advantages over conventional dentures (CD), but whether they enhance the ability to eat more healthily following dietary advice is unknown.     

纯钛烤瓷冠与钴铬合金烤瓷冠在上颌前牙种植修复中的效果比较

目的:比较纯钛烤瓷冠与钴铬合金烤瓷冠在上颌前牙种植修复中的效果。方法:选取因单颗上颌前牙缺失行口腔种植修复的80例患者为研究对象,种植修复4~6个月后行烤瓷冠修复治疗,对照组采用钴铬合金烤瓷冠,观察组采用纯钛烤瓷冠。比较两组修复6个月后牙周指数[牙龈指数(GI)、探诊深度(PD)及龈沟液(GCF)质量]、龈沟液炎性指标[白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)及肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)]水平,修复体美观度、患者满意度及不良事件发生率。结果:修复6个月后,观察组修复体周围GI、PD、GCF质量均小于对照组,龈沟液IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α水平均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患者牙体外形、色泽及患者满意度均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组不良事件发生率为2.50%,明显低于对照组的22.50%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:与钴铬合金烤瓷冠相比,纯钛烤瓷冠用于上颌前牙种植修复患者中效果较好,修复体周围牙周指数和龈沟液炎性因子水平较低,且美观度、患者满意度较高,不良事件发生率较低。     

Comparison of dental implant stabilities by impact response and resonance frequencies using artificial bone

PurposeWe compared implant stability as determined by the peak frequency from the impact response with the implant stability quotient (ISQ) by resonance frequency analysis (RFA) in various artificial bone conditions. The clinical bone conditions were simulated using an artificial bone material with different cortical thicknesses and trabecular densities.Materials and methodsThe artificial bone material was solid, rigid polyurethane. The polyurethane foam of 0.8 g/cm³ density was used for the cortical bone layer, and that of 0.08, 0.16, 0.24, 0.32, and 0.48 g/cm³ densities for the trabecular bone layer. The cortical bone material of 4 different thicknesses (1.4, 1.6, 1.8, and 2.0 mm) was attached to the trabecular bone with varying density. Two types of dental implants (10 and 13 mm lengths of 4.0 mm diameter) were placed into the artificial bone blocks. An inductive sensor was used to measure the vibration caused by tapping the adapter–implant assembly. The peak frequency of the power spectrum of the impact response was used as the criterion for implant stability. The ISQ value was also measured for the same conditions.ResultsThe stability, as measured by peak frequency (SPF) and ISQ value, increased as the trabecular density and the cortical density increased in linear regression analysis. The SPF and ISQ values were highly correlated with each other when the trabecular bone density and cortical bone thickness changed (Pearson correlation = 0.90, p < 0.01). The linear regression of the SPF with the cortical bone thickness showed higher goodness of fit (R² measure) than the ISQ value with the cortical bone thickness. The SPF could differentiate implantation conditions as many as the ISQ value when the trabecular bone density and the cortical density changed. However, the ISQ value was not consistent with the general stability tendency in some conditions.ConclusionThe SPF showed better consistency and differentiability with implant stability than the ISQ value by resonance frequency analysis in the various implantation conditions.