免疫组织化学诊断标准对基底细胞样型乳腺癌预后分析的影响

目的 探讨不同的免疫组织化学(IHC)诊断标准对基底细胞样型乳腺癌(BLBC)预后分析的影响及意义.方法 收集1996-2002年并有5年以上随访资料的浸润性乳腺癌284例,IHC检测ER、PR、HER2、CK5/6、CK14、表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)的表达,按照Nielsen标准[ER-/HER2-,CK5/6+和(或)EGFR+]、Kim标准[ER-/PR-/HER2-,CK5/6+和(或)CK14+和(或)EGFR+]、基底样CK标准[CK5/6+和(或)CK14+]、三阴性标准[ER-/PR-/HER2-]标准分型并比较其5年生存率.结果 在4种标准下,284例浸润性乳腺癌中BLBC的发病率分别为15.5%(44例)、14.8%(42例)、43.3%(123例)、21.1%(60例);复发率分别为18.2%(8/44)、21.4%(9/42)、10.6%(13/123)、11.7%(7/60),均明显高于其他亚型,但仅在Nielsen和Kim标准中之BLBC型的复发率与其他型差异有统计学意义.Nielsen和三阴性标准中BLBC型之5年无病生存率(均P<0.01)和5年总生存率(P<0.05和0.01)显著低于腺腔A型;Kim标准中BLBC型5年无病生存率显著低于腺腔A型(P<0.01),但5年总生存率与其他分型差异无统计学意义;基底样CK标准的BLBC型与非BLBC型之5年生存率差异无统计学意义.结论 在不同的IHC诊断标准下BLBC均呈高复发和预后差的趋势,但不同的分型标准影响其预后分析结果 ,相对完善、统一的诊断标准是亟待解决的问题.     

Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation May Alleviate the Negative Prognostic Impact of Monosomal and Complex Karyotypes on Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Monosomal karyotype (MK) and complex karyotype (CK) are well known to be associated with a very poor clinical outcome in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, whether or not the prognostic impact of MK and CK remains relevant for patients who have undergone allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) is still unclear. We retrospectively analyzed the status of MK and CK, as well as other clinical laboratory features, in 148 allo-HCT AML patients at our institution and correlated with their event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) after transplantation. MK and CK were identified in 14 (9%) and 19 (13%) cases, respectively. On univariate analysis, only age (≥60 years) and WBC count (≥15 × 10⁹/L) were significant adverse predictors for EFS (P < .001 and P = .017, respectively) and OS (P = .002 and P = .021, respectively). MK, CK, and other relevant parameters analyzed did not affect the clinical outcome. Multivariable analysis confirmed that both older age and high WBC count were independent prognostic factors for a shorter OS (P = .001 and P = .003, respectively) and a shorter EFS (P < .001 and P = .001, respectively). Our results indicate that neither MK nor CK are high-risk factors in AML patients undergoing allo-HCT.     

Analysing the developing lymphocyte system of neonates and infants

Technical developments in immunophenotyping and function testing have greatly facilitated studies on the developing lymphocyte system in the past decade and contributed to a better interpretation of the data obtained in these studies. This is important for the correct interpretation of data obtained in paediatric patients with possible immunological diseases. The age-related differences in lymphocyte subpopulations and function imply that the available adult reference values cannot be used in children. Conclusion In this review we give an outline of the technical developments, their influence upon the interpretation of data, and the available literature about age-related changes in the developing lymphocyte system. Received: 25 July 1998 / Accepted: 14 January 1999     

CD13在费城染色体阴性急性B淋巴细胞白血病中的表达及其临床意义

目的 分析成年人和儿童急性B淋巴细胞白血病(B-ALL)的免疫表型,观察髓系抗原CD13的表达与费城染色体阴性(Ph-)B-ALL患者的临床特征、血液学特点和临床预后的关系.方法 采用多参数流式细胞术检测111例成年和32例儿童B-ALL患者免疫表型.结果 儿童与成年B-ALL患者CD13、CD33阳性表达率差异均无统计学意义[31.3 ％(10/32)比19.8 ％(22/111),18.8 ％(6/32)比29.7 ％(33/111),均P＞ 0.05].在Ph-B-ALL患者中,儿童CD13阳性表达率高于成年人[32.3％(10/31)比9.4％(6/64),P＜ 0.05].在儿童和成年Ph-B-ALL患者中,CD13+和CD13-患者的诱导完全缓解率和缓解时间差异均无统计学意义(均P＞ 0.05).在儿童Ph-B-ALL患者中,CD13+和CD13-患者的复发时间差异有统计学意义[(111±16)d比(683±57)d,P＜0.000 1].儿童和成年CD 13+Ph-B-ALL患者的复发时间差异亦有统计学意义[(111±16)d比(319± 16)d,P＜ 0.000 1].结论 在Ph-B-ALL患者中,儿童CD13阳性表达率明显高于成年人,CD13+ Ph-B-ALL患者尤其是儿童CD 13+ Ph-B-ALL患者更易复发.     

弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤500例构成比及免疫表型分析

目的 按照WHO(2008版)造血与淋巴组织肿瘤分类,分析弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤(DLBCL)各亚型的构成比情况、免疫表型特点,及其总体生存率.方法 按照新分类,结合形态学观察,利用免疫组织化学、基因重排、原位杂交、荧光原位杂交(FISH)等技术对500例DLBCL,进行回顾性分析和归类,收集随访资料,并对生发中心B细胞(GCB)型和非GCB型组之间、老年人EB病毒(EBV)阳性的DCBCL亚型和非特殊型弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤(DLBCL-NOS)之间进行总体生存率比较.结果 500例中DLBCL-NOS约占77.2%(386/500),其次是老年人EBV阳性的DLBCL占9.4%(47/500),然后依次是原发中枢神经系统的DLBCL(4.4%,22/500)、原发纵隔(胸腺)的大B细胞淋巴瘤(2.8%,14/500)、富于T细胞/组织细胞的大B细胞淋巴瘤(2.6%,13/500),其余类型均属于比较罕见的.DLBCL-NOS按照形态学分类以中心母细胞性最为常见,约占95.1%(367/386);按免疫组织化学分型,非GCB型组在DLBCL-NOS中约占68.5%(219/320),GCB型组占28.4%(91/320),而CD5阳性DLBCL仅占3.1%(10/320).总体生存率比较,GCB型组和非GCB型组总体生存率差异无统计学意义(P=0.93),老年人EBV阳性的DLBCL组总体生存率与年龄匹配前、后的DLBCL-NOS组差异均无统计学意义(P值分别为0.13和0.28).对形态学表现为灰区的淋巴瘤病例进行FISH检测,发现了1例"双打击"(double-hit)淋巴瘤.结论 DLBCL-NOS在DLBCL中占绝大多数,其次是老年人EBV阳性的DLBCL和原发中枢神经系统的DLBCL,其他类型均属少见或罕见类型.按照Hans分类进行免疫组织化学分型,非GCB型占多数,GCB型和非GCB型分组总体生存率没有显著性差异.老年人EBV阳性的DLBCL组和用年龄匹配前后的DLBCL-NOS组的总体生存率均无显著性差异.

Abstract：

Objective To study the immunophenotype and overall survival of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) classified according to the 2008 World Health Organization classification of tumors of hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues. Methods Five hundred cases of DLBCL were retrospectively analyzed with histologic review, immunohistochemistry, gene rearrangement study, in situ hybridization and fluorescence in situ hybridization. Follow-up data were collected. The overall survival rates of germinal center B-cell (GCB) and non-germinal center B-cell (non-GCB) subtypes, as well as those of DLBCL, not otherwise specified (NOS) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-positive DLBCL of the elderly, were compared.Results DLBCL-NOS was the commonest subtype which accounted for 77.2% (386/500) of the cases.EBV-positive DLBCL of the elderly, primary DLBCL of central nervous system, primary mediastinal (thymic) large B-cell lymphoma and T cell/histiocyte-rich large B-cell lymphoma accounted for 9. 4%(47/500), 4. 4% (22/500), 2. 8% (14/500) and 2. 6% (13/500), respectively. 68. 5% (219/320) of DLBCL-NOS belonged to non-GCB subtype. The percentage of GCB subtype and CD5-positive subtype were 28.4% (91/320) and 3. 1% (10/320), respectively. Comparison of the overall survival, GCB and non-GCB immunophenotypic groups have no significant difference (P = 0. 93). And the same result in which of the EBV-positive DLBCL of the elderly and DLBCL-NOS group, before and after age matched (P =0. 13 and O. 28, respectively). A double-hit lymphoma was found by FISH detection, which presenting as gray zone lymphoma in morphology. Conclusions By using Hans algorithm, GCB and non-GCB subtypes show no significant difference in overall survival. EBV-positive DLBCL of the elderly and DLBCL-NOS also do not have significant difference in overall survival. Fluorescence in situ hybridization technique is helpful in identification of DLBCL with rare phenotypes.     

维吾尔族和汉族骨髓增生异常综合征患者细胞形态学及免疫表型的对比分析

 【摘要】　目的　探讨新疆地区维吾尔族和汉族骨髓增生异常综合征（MDS）患者的细胞形态学和免疫表型特征。方法　对已确诊的67例MDS患者骨髓涂片进行系统观察分型,记录各系病态造血细胞,并进行流式细胞术（FCM）免疫表型检测。结果　67例MDS患者骨髓细胞的粒、红、巨核三系有不同程度的病态造血,依次为粒系[52例（77.6 %）]、巨核系[44例（65.7 %）]、红系[36例（53.7 %）],维吾尔族和汉族患者骨髓三系中出现病态造血表现的比例相近,两组差异无统计学意义（χ2值分别为1.02、0.30、0.02,均P＞0.05）。67例骨髓细胞病态造血改变类型的发生率依次为单圆核巨核细胞 [36例（53.7 %）]、假Pelger核异常粒细胞 [36例（53.7 %）]、红系巨幼样变[33例（49.3 %）]、粒细胞颗粒减少或缺失[27例（40.3 %）]等,维吾尔族和汉族患者发生率相似。67例MDS患者FCM免疫表型检测结果显示,随着MDS的难治性贫血／难治性贫血伴环形铁粒幼细胞向难治性贫血伴原始细胞过多（RAEB）／转化中的RAEB的进展变化,较成熟的CD15表达率逐渐降低,而较早期的CD34、CD117表达率逐渐升高（χ2值分别为6.23、12.06,8.95、7.37,8.95、8.08,均P＜0.05）,维吾尔族和汉族患者差异无统计学意义（χ2值分别为0.715、0.024、0.146,均P＞0.05）;同时维吾尔族患者CD56表达增高,汉族MDS患者HLA-DR增高,两组比较差异有统计学意义（χ2值分别为3.91、3.90,均P＜0.05）。结论　维吾尔族和汉族MDS患者骨髓细胞形态学病态造血改变相同,多数MDS有两系以上的病态造血。维吾尔族和汉族MDS患者免疫表型抗原表达部分不同,免疫表型的检测对MDS的诊断、分型及预后具有重要意义。     

骨髓增生异常综合征免疫表型分析

目的：探讨免疫表型测定在骨髓增生异常综合征（MDS）诊断及分型中的价值。方法：采用一组系列相关单克隆抗体和流式细胞术对19例MDS患者免疫表型进行检测，并对其中的10例进行了细胞遗传学检查。结果：MDS患者骨髓单个核细胞（MNC）CD13，CD33抗原表达率平均分别为36．69％和41．86％，而T淋巴系抗原CD3的表达平均仅为14．49％，且随着低危的难治性贫血（RA）向高危的难治笥贫血伴原始细胞增多（RAEB）或难治性贫血伴原始细胞增多－转变型（RAEB-t)的进展，较早期的髓系抗原CD13，CD33及干（祖）细胞抗原CD34的表达升高，并伴有T淋巴系抗原CD3的表达降低。10例进行了细胞遗传学检查的患者中，5例有染色体核型异常，染色体核型异常的患者与染色体核型正常的患者在抗原表达上存在区别。结论：对MDS患者进行免疫表型检查有助于MDS的诊断分型研究。     

老年面中线非霍奇金淋巴瘤临床病理特点分析

目的以非老年组(年龄<60岁)面中线非霍奇金淋巴瘤患者为对照,探讨老年组(年龄≥60岁)面中线非霍奇金淋巴瘤的临床病理、免疫表型及EB病毒(EBV)感染状态。方法选取67例面中线淋巴瘤组织标本,应用免疫组化SP法检测肿瘤细胞CD45RO、CD56、TIA1、CD20、CD45RA等标记物,同时进行EBV原位杂交检测。结果(1)67例面中线非霍奇金淋巴瘤中老年组31例,占46.3%;非老年组36例,占53.7%。(2)老年组面中线非霍奇金淋巴瘤多发生在扁桃体和鼻咽部,组织学类型以低度恶性黏膜相关淋巴组织淋巴瘤(MALT)为主;非老年组多见于鼻腔,以中、低分化型的NK/T细胞淋巴瘤为主,2组的组织学类型差异有显著性(P<0.05)。(3)非霍奇金淋巴瘤的EBV(EBER1/2)老年组有6例(19.4%)表达阳性,而非老年组有21例表达阳性(58.3%),2组EBV阳性检出率也有显著差异(P<0.01)。结论老年组与非老年组比较,其临床病理、免疫表型及EBV感染几方面的差异均有显著性;老年组发病率并不比非老年组低,组织学类型以分化好的MALT型为主。     

Immunophenotyping of peripheral blood mononuclear cells collected by cytotoxic and cytotoxic/G-CSF mobilization

We investigated surface immunophenotypes of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) collected by cytotoxic and cytotoxic/G-CSF mobilization of peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) from 38 patients with haematological malignancies in complete remission who underwent consolidation chemotherapy. PBMC were collected by leucapheresis during the haemato poietic recovery phase after intensive chemotherapy. G-CSF was used for mobilization of PBSC in 19 cases. Surface immunophenotyping of frozen-thawed PBMC was performed by flow cytometry. Our findings showed that monocytes and T cells were the two major cell components of PBMC. There were very few B cells in PBMC. Expression of CD45RO and HLA-DR was elevated in lymphocytes, suggesting that T cells in PBMC were activated. The percentage of CD34 positive cells were significantly increased in PBMC collected by cytotoxic/G-CSF mobilization (group 1) compared with PBMC collected by cytotoxic mobil ization (group 2). There were significantly higher percentages of CD14 and CD33 positive cells in group 1 than in group 2. The percentage of CD4 positive lymphocytes positive for HLA-DR was significantly higher in group 1 compared with group 2. These observations indicated that PBMC contained a large number of monocytes and activated T cells, especially in cytotoxic/G-CSF mobilization.     

多发性骨髓瘤免疫表型特征及其临床意义

目的探讨流式细胞术检测多发性骨髓瘤(MM)的免疫表型特征及其临床意义。方法应用多参数流式细胞术(MP-FCM),采用CD138/CD45/SSC设门,检测40例MM患者和20例正常献髓者骨髓细胞免疫表型。结果 MM患者抗原异常表达率由高到低分别为CD45~(dim+/-)(95%)、CD81~(dim+/-)(80%)、CD56~+(70%)、CD27~(dim+/-)(50%)、CD200~(++)(48%)、CD33~+(40%)、CD28~(++)(35%)、CD117~+(18%)、CD19~+(5%)和CD20~+(3%)。CD56+、CD200~(dim+)、CD28~(dim+)在正常浆细胞的表达率分别为10%、10%和5%。结论应用MP-FCM检测MM细胞免疫表型,可准确地鉴别良恶性浆细胞,有助于MM的诊断、预后判断及靶向治疗。