隐球菌性脑膜炎的临床表现及墨汁染色联合隐球菌抗原检测的诊断意义

目的 探讨隐球菌性脑膜炎的临床表现及墨汁染色联合隐球菌抗原检测的诊断意义.方法 选取2018年1月至2019年6月本院收治的中枢神经系统感染患者40例.其中10例隐球菌性脑膜炎患者作为观察组,其他30例中枢神经系统感染患者作为对照组,比较两组患者临床症状表现.采用墨汁染色法和墨汁染色联合隐球菌抗原检测(联合检测)患者脑...     

The effect of laser diode irradiation on wound healing of rat skin

Abstract

Background: Light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation (LASER) diode irradiation (LDI) has some beneficial effects on the wound healing. However, little is known about the biochemical effect of LDI on wound healing. We have performed animal study to clarify the effect of LDI on wound healing based on microscopic findings. Methods: Eight-month-old male rats (NTacSam:SD, SamtakoBioKorea), weighting 250–300 g, were used. Round blade, of 1 cm diameter, was penetrated through the skin and subcutaneous level after elevating the skin just above the thoracic spine of the rats. Laser diode of 655, 785, and 850 nm wavelengths were irradiated to the skin wound for 9 days, 20 min a day. Eight rats were used in each four groups including non-irradiated group. Immunochemical staining was carried out to evaluate pan-cytokeratin and actin, and Masson's trichrome staining was carried to evaluate the cellular and protein components relating to wound healing. Wound size was measured on 9th postoperative day with computer system. Result: Collagen formation was graded as 2+, 3+, and 4 + in the order of non-radiation group, 655, 785, and 850 nm irradiation groups, respectively. Myofibroblast was formed more abundantly in LDI group than in non-irradiated group. The mean values of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) were 67.8 ± 5.0, 84.0 ± 4.6, 78.0 ± 6.8, and 74.2 ± 4.0 nm in the order of non-radiation group, 655, 785, and 850 nm irradiation groups, respectively. Mean values of defect size were 2,840 ± 124 um, 1,689 ± 125 um, 1,254 ± 94 um, and 1,423 ± 113 in the order of non-radiation group, 65, 785, and 850 nm groups, respectively. Conclusion: LDI has beneficial effects on the formation of fibroblast and collagen, and results in better wound healing.     

Rapid Diagnosis of Chlamydial Conjunctivitis in Laboratory

Purpose: To evaluate the techniques of rapid and accurate diagnosis of chlamydialconjunctivitis.Methods: Total 100 conjunctivitis patients (200 eyes) were studied. Twenty-two of100 cases were diagnosed as chlamydial conjunctivitis. The infected epithelia werescraped from tarsal conjunctiva of both eyes and stained separately with Giemsa (100cases) and immunofluorescence (anti-chlamydial antigen monoclonal antibody, 100cases).Result: In immunofluorescent staining, 38 cases were seen positive staining and 62were negative. In Giemsa staining, 29 were positive, and 71 were negative. In 22 caseswith clinical diagnosis of chlamydial conjunctivitis, 13 cases were confirmed, and 9were excluded by immunofluorescent staining. Technically, immunofluorescent andGiemsa stain takes 45 and 40 minutes, respectively.Conclusion: Comparing to Giemsa stain, 38 of 100 scraping specimens were positive(38% ) by immunofluorescent staining, 29 of 100 per cent were positive by Giemsastaining. Giemsa staining takes 5 minutes less     

锥兰联合茜素红活细胞染色法观察角膜中央碱烧伤内皮细胞愈合过程

目的:研究角膜碱烧伤内皮细胞的愈合过程。方法:锥兰联合茜素红内皮细胞染色法对角膜中央碱烧伤内皮细胞形态学变化进行观察。结果:伤后20分钟内皮细胞已破坏。72小时,损伤区的周边内皮细胞变形向创面内迁移。第7天后缺损区大部分范围均可见梭形细胞覆盖。结论:兔碱烧伤损伤区内皮细胞的修复由邻近内皮细胞变形,增殖和移行长入创面内完成,修复的内皮细胞具有纤维细胞特征。眼科学报1999;15:218-220。     

The characteristics of corneal staining in successful daily and extended disposable contact lens wearers

Purpose : The aim of this investigation was to measure levels of corneal staining in successful daily and extended wearers of disposable hydrogel contact lenses. Methods : Twenty-four subjects on a daily wear (DW) schedule and 20 subjects on an extended wear (EW) schedule were examined at six-monthly intervals over a two-year period. Subjects wore two types of disposable hydrogel lenses. Measurements were taken from the eye wearing an etafilcon A contact lens only. The cornea was divided into five equally sized zones and the extent and depth of corneal staining were assessed on a zero to four scale. Results : The overall levels of corneal staining were low with median values below or equal to grade 0.5 in all groups. There was no difference in the extent, depth or geographical distribution of corneal staining between the DW and EW groups. Staining was more frequently recorded in the superior and inferior areas of the cornea than in the central, nasal or temporal regions (Pearson's Chi-Square, p < 0.10). Conclusions : The mode of wear with disposable contact lenses is not a contributing factor to the amount of corneal staining seen in successful wearers. Low levels of corneal staining should be expected in successful DW and EW wearers.     

两种脱钙方法对人牙齿脱钙效果的研究比较

目的比较两种不同脱钙方法对人牙齿脱钙时间和脱钙后染色的效果,旨在为人牙齿组织切片观察寻找一种快速且有效的脱钙方法。方法选取40颗健康第三磨牙固定后分为A、B两组,A组使用混合酸脱钙法,B组使用EDTA与超声微波联合脱钙法,记录脱钙完成时间,脱钙完成后常规脱水、包埋、切片,行HE染色,正置显微镜下观察组织形态。结果 A组和B组完成脱钙所需时间分别为:63～74d、20～31d,且B组切片HE染色效果较A组好。结论EDTA与超声微波联合脱钙法完成人牙齿脱钙时间短,且切片HE染色效果好,是一种适合进行人牙齿脱矿的方法。     

慢性高眼压青光眼动物模型的构建和鉴定

目的:建立大鼠慢性高眼压模型,观察眼压、病理和视功能改变.方法:SD大鼠45只,麻醉后使用532二极管激光行右眼角膜缘360°光凝,角膜缘激光斑为80～100个,大鼠角膜缘颞侧、颞上及颞下巩膜浅层静脉3条,每条静脉光凝3～4个斑点,功率0.45W/0.7s.左眼为对照眼,3d后测量眼压,部分眼压升高不明显者,进行同样的二次光凝.Tono-penXL眼压计监测3,7,30,60,90,180d麻醉状态下的眼压.激光术后60,180d取大鼠各5只,40g/L多聚甲醛灌注固定,摘取双侧眼球和视神经,分别进行冰冻和石蜡切片,采用HE染色、尼氏染色、甲苯胺蓝染色,光镜下观察房角变化,不同时间视网膜节细胞计数,比较视神经髓鞘密度的变化.60,180d大鼠10只,使用TEC-350V视觉电生理仪行F-VEP检查;然后6mo大鼠5只,进行逆行荧光金标记RGCs,7d后40g/L多聚甲醛灌注固定,全视网膜铺片,荧光显微镜下比较视网膜节细胞数量变化.结果:大鼠高眼压模型成功38只,平均最高眼压在激光后30d,平均值为25.0±4.1mmHg,对照眼17.1±3.2mmHg,180d时眼压基本恢复正常.病理改变:实验眼前房角明显变窄,小梁网间隙压缩、变窄,甚至部分闭锁,消失,少量梭形成纤维细胞聚集,组织致密、硬化,而小梁细胞减少,虹膜部分卷曲,水肿、肥厚出现明显异常.逆行荧光金视网膜铺片和视网膜切片尼氏染色见实验眼视网膜节细胞数量有明显的减少;尼氏染色切片每400倍视野总平均数,60d组对照眼为41±10.6个,实验眼为35±11.2个,180d组对照眼为40±9.8个,实验眼为34±11.0个,周边视网膜平均值减少最为显著,均值相差可达8个神经节细胞;180d时模型眼视神经甲苯胺蓝染色显示的髓鞘密度明显降低;视功能检查:高眼压大鼠模型60,180d的实验眼和对照眼均可引出典型的和重复性好的NPN波形,60d时实验眼AP1(N1-P1振幅)均值降低,为13.03±3.11ms,对照眼为21.14±3.10ms,两者具有显著性差异(P＜0.05),波幅值降低持续至180d仍未恢复;LP1(P1峰潜伏期)60d时无明显变化,180d时则明显延迟,实验眼为74.47±8.05μV,对照眼为59.73±4.16μV,与对照组比较有显著性差异(P＜0.05).结论:使用532-二极管激光角巩膜缘小梁网及巩膜浅层静脉光凝能成功升高眼内压,眼压升高近8mmHg;病理显示视网膜神经节细胞数显著减少,以周边视网膜为著;视神经髓鞘密度亦显著地减少;视觉电生理检测,F-VEP的AP1振幅降低,LP1波峰潜伏期延迟非常显著.     

免疫荧光技术在皮肤活检组织真菌染色中的应用

目的：评价免疫荧光染色法在皮肤活检组织真菌染色中的应用价值。方法：经组织病理和组织培养确诊的43例皮肤真菌病患者对其石蜡包埋切片分别进行免疫荧光染色、PAS染色。结果：43例皮肤真菌病中PAS染色阳性27例（62.8%）,免疫荧光染色阳性30例（69.7%）,免疫荧光染色法较PAS染色阳性率有所提高,两者差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。同时两种方法均阴性患者5例,两种方法联合真菌检出阳性率为88.4%。结论：免疫荧光染色是提高皮肤活检组织中真菌检出的重要补充。     

Benchmarking evaluation of five PHMB-based multi-purpose solutions and a silicone hydrogel contact lens

AIM: To evaluate and compare the clinical performance of 5 kinds of polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB) based multi-purpose solutions (MPS) manufactured in China when used with a commercially available silicone hydrogel contact lens in terms of solution-induced corneal staining (SICS), ocular response (corneal staining and ocular hyperemia), corneal infiltrative event (CIEs) and ocular comfort. METHODS: This was a prospective, open label, randomized, parallel group clinical trial. Totally 162 participants (Pxs) who were at least 18y were enrolled and randomized into 5 groups of PHMB-based MPS made in China: Complete? MPS, Hydron? Aqua-shining moist, Baoshining?, Weicon? Fresh, Weicon? 2000 MPS (abbreviated as C, H, B, W, and W2). All participants wore balafilcon A contact lenses with monthly disposal (Bausch & Lomb Purevision?) in conjunction with the designated MPS on a daily wear for 3mo. Clinical visits were at baseline, 2wk, 1mo and 3mo. SICS and CIE were reported as first event incidence per 100 Px-months. Ocular response was graded on 0-4 scale in 0.5 steps (0=none, 4=severe) and ocular comfort was assessed via a numeric rating scale (1-10 in 1-point steps, 1=poor, 10=excellent). Ocular comfort and ocular response variables were analysed using linear mixed model. CIE and SICS were analysed using Fisher’s exact test and logistic regression. RESULTS: There were 36 (22%) Pxs who dropped out. SICS incidence for each MPS were: H (26.3%), B (20.8%), W (19.4%), W2 (13.4%), C (12.8%). The SICS rate of H was significantly different to W2 (P=0.012) and C (P=0.005). There were no significant differences in ocular response, CIE incidence and ocular comfort between different MPSs (P>0.05). Pxs with SICS had significantly lower comfort during the day and at the end of than those who did not have SICS. CONCLUSION: Differences in SICS incidence are found between MPSs but not for CIE incidence, ocular response or ocular comfort. SICS in PHMB-based MPS is found to be associated with ocular discomfort. More MPS/lens combinations should be studied in the future.     

异硫氰酸荧光素染色在真菌性角膜炎中的应用

目的：寻找真菌性角膜炎组织切片快速、准确、方便操作的特殊染色方式。

方法：采用经真菌培养均为阳性的真菌性角膜炎患者的角膜标本38例,常规固定脱水透明浸蜡,进行4μm石蜡切片,脱蜡至水,选用异硫氰酸荧光素(FITC)荧光法和过碘酸雪夫氏染色法(PAS)进行染色对比。

结果：异硫氰酸荧光素法检测阳性率为97.4%(37/38),过碘酸雪夫氏染色法检测阳性率为86.8%(33/38)。结果比较有统计学差异(P<0.001)。

结论：异硫氰酸荧光素法镜检真菌性角膜炎优于过碘酸雪夫氏染色法镜检。