武警医学院2000—2008年专利项目分析

【目的】分析我院专利情况,发现专利管理中存在的问题,为今后知识产权管理工作提供依据。【方法】以武警医学院2000—2008年专利数据库收录的36件职务发明专利为依据,从专利申请与授权量、专利发明人、专利IPC分类等方面进行分析。【结果】我院2000—2008年共申请专利36件,授权专利6件。专利申请数量呈逐年增长态势,尤其近两年上升明显,占总数的63．9％。发明专利占专利申请总量的94．4％,发明专利授权占发明申请总量的14．7％。【结论】我院知识产权工作近年有较大进步,但仍存在着专利申请数量少、专利经费不足及知识产权意识不强等问题,还应从提高专利意识、补充专利申请经费、提高专利转化率等方面加强管理。     

Cortical thickness correlates with impulsiveness in healthy adults

Background

Impulsiveness is a central domain of human personality and of relevance for the development of substance use and certain psychiatric disorders. This study investigates whether there are overlapping as well as distinct structural cerebral correlates of attentional, motor and nonplanning impulsiveness in healthy adults.

Methods

High-resolution magnetic resonance scans were acquired in 32 healthy adults to model the gray-white and gray-cerebrospinal fluid borders for each individual cortex and to compute the distance of these surfaces as a measure of cortical thickness (CT). Associations between CT and the dimensions of impulsiveness (Barratt-Impulsiveness-Scale 11, BIS) were identified in entire cortex analyses.

Results

We observed a significant negative correlation between left middle frontal gyrus (MFG) CT and the attention BIS score (FDR p < .05), motor, nonplanning and total BIS score (each p < 0.001 uncorrected). In addition, CT of the orbitofrontal (OFC) and superior frontal gyrus (SFG) were inversely correlated (p < 0.001 uncorrected) with BIS total and motor score. Among other negative associations only one positive correlation (right inferior temporal with nonplanning score, p < 0.001 uncorrected) was found.

Conclusions

The MFG is crucial for top-down control, executive and attentional processes. The MFG together with the OFC and SFG appears to be part of brain structures, which have previously been shown to mediate behavioral inhibition, well-planned action and attention, which are core facets of impulsiveness as measured with the Barratt-Impulsiveness-Scale.     

某部陆军军人心理控制能力的初步研究

目的 探讨陆军军人在内控性、有势力他人及机遇3方面心理控制能力的状况.方法 采用横断面研究,使用IPC量表对331名军人的心理控制能力进行问卷调查测定.结果 该人群在内控性、有势力他人及机遇3方面的分值分别为(29.25±7.14)分、(14.51±7.65)分和(15.38±7.48)分.被调查军人的内控性与学历和家人对自己的关心程度呈正相关,其相关系数分别为0.155,0.186(P<0.05,P<0.01),与疾病治疗疗效评价呈负相关,相关系数为-0.322(P<0.01);其有势力他人和机遇2方面均与对自己健康自评状况和家人对自己的关心程度呈负相关,其相关系数分别为-0.200,-0.272和-0.278,-0.328(P<0.01),而年龄、职务等与心理控制能力没有显著关联.结论 提高学历和疾病的治疗疗效,加强家人关心程度是促进军人心理控制能力提高的3个关键因素.     

阿片肽参与心肌缺血预适应的分子机制

阿片肽及阿片受体分布于心肌组织，通过G蛋白耦联和细胞内信号转导参与心肌缺血预适应(IPC)，既具有即刻保护作用(第一时间窗)，又具有延迟保护效应(第二时间窗)。目前采用的“触发剂-调节介质-终末效应器”分子理论机制，对心肌IPC发病机制的探讨和冠状动脉性心脏病防治的新思路具有极其重要的意义。     

缺血预处理和α_1受体激动剂对兔缺血心肌保护作用的实验研究

为进一步确定短暂缺血预处理对缺血心肌在心肌梗塞面积、心律失常方面的保护作用,并对缺血区心室肌心电图及α_1受体激动剂对缺血心肌的影响和缺血预处理的可能机制进行初步探讨,本文对兔在体心脏施行5min短暂继以10min再灌注进行缺血预处理,在另一组中在给予兔5min低浓度α_1受体激动剂后继以10min无药再灌注,发现缺血预处理组兔心经历随后的30min持续缺血时,较未进行缺血预处理而直接给予30min缺血的对照组心肌梗塞面积减小(P<0.05)、心律失常发生率下降(P<0.05)、诱发心律失常的发生率下降(P<0.05)、缺血区心室肌心电图时限不比正常期延长(P>0.05),而对照组缺血期时限较正常期显著延长(P0.O5).提示缺血预处理对心肌缺血性损伤具有保护作用,且这一保护作用可能与α_1受体兴奋有关.     

Time interval after ischaemic preconditioning affects neuroprotection and gliosis in the gerbil hippocampal CA1 region induced by transient cerebral ischaemia

Objectives: Ischaemic preconditioning (IPC) can increase ischaemic tolerance of the central nervous system (CNS) to a subsequent longer or lethal period of transient ischaemia. In this study, we examined neuroprotective effects of time intervals after IPC against ischaemic insult in the hippocampus.

Methods: Animals were randomly assigned to six groups; sham-operated-group, ischaemia-operated-group, and three IPC (12?hours, 1- and 2-day intervals after IPC) plus ischaemia-groups (IPC-12?hour, 1 and 2-day interval-ischaemia-operated-groups). For neuroprotection, we carried out cresyl violet (CV) staining neuronal nuclei (NeuN) immunohistochemistry and Fluoro-Jade B histofluorescence staining. In addition, we examined gliosis using immunohistochemistry for GFAP (a marker for astrocytes) and Iba-1 (a marker for microglia).

Results: A significant loss of neurons was observed in the stratum pyramidale (SP) of the hippocampal CA1 region (CA1) in the ischaemia-operated-group and IPC-12?hours interval-ischaemia-operated-groups. In the IPC-1?day interval-ischaemia-operated-group, CA1 pyramidal neurons were well protected from ischaemic insult; the neuroprotective effect in the IPC-2?day interval-ischaemia-operated-group was less than that in the IPC-1?day interval-ischaemia-operated-group. On the other hand, we observed changes in glial cells (astrocytes and microglia) in the CA1 of all groups. The distribution pattern of glial cells only in the IPC-1?day interval-ischaemia-operated-group was similar to that in the sham-group.

Conclusion: In brief, our findings indicate that 1?day after IPC displays a mighty neuroprotection and shows an inhibition of glial activation in the CA1 induced by transient ischaemic insult.     

Exploring the impact of climate on human longevity

The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of physical geographic factors and climate conditions on human longevity. The centenarian rate (CR) in 2005 was computed for Japan's 47 prefectures, whose geography and climate vary greatly. Several pathways, such as excess winter mortality, land use and agricultural production, possibly linking physical and climate factors with extreme longevity, were explored. The probability of becoming a centenarian varies significantly among the Japanese prefectures. In particular, the computation of CR(70) demonstrated that the actual probability for individuals 70years old in 1975 of becoming centenarians in 2005 was 3 times higher, on average, in Okinawa, both for males and females, than in Japan as a whole. About three quarters of the variance in CR(70) for females and half for males is explained by the physical environment and land use, even when variations in the level of socio-economic status between prefectures are controlled. Our analysis highlighted two features which might have played an important role in the longevity observed in Okinawa. First, there is virtually no winter in Okinawa. For instance, the mean winter temperature observed in 2005 was 17.2°C. Second, today, there is almost no rice production in Okinawa compared to other parts of Japan. In the past, however, production was higher in Okinawa. If we consider that long term effects of harsh winters can contribute to the mortality differential in old age and if we consider that food availability in the first part of the 20th century was mainly dependent on local production, early 20th century birth cohorts in Okinawa clearly had different experiences in terms of winter conditions and in terms of food availability compared to their counterparts in other parts of Japan. This work confirms the impact of climate conditions on human longevity, but it fails to demonstrate a strong association between longevity and mountainous regions and/or air quality.