深静脉血栓预防仪的研制

结合深静脉血栓形成及预防理论,研制采用AT89C52单片机控制的周期性充气加压仪器.介绍仪器的原理、机电系统组成及软件设计.该仪器具有使用方便、智能化程度高和安全可靠等特点.     

Synchronous liver metastases of intracystic papillary carcinoma with invasion of the breast

A rare case of intracystic papillary carcinoma (IPC) with invasion had synchronous metastases to the liver at presentation. A 57-year-old postmenopausal woman noticed a right breast tumor 7 months prior to admission. Mammography showed an oval mass measuring 3.1 cm in diameter with no calcification, and ultrasonography showed an intracystic tumor with a papillary growth pattern. Fine-needle aspiration cytology revealed adenocarcinoma. Excisional biopsy revealed intracystic solid papillary carcinoma with invasion. The tumor was a clear-cell type with extracellular mucin. Two months after the initial biopsy, a screening ultrasonographic examination of the liver showed multiple hyperechoic masses. Abdominal contrast-enhanced CT scan and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed multiple hypervascular masses compatible with metastatic tumors. No suspicious lesions were detected on examinations for malignancy in other organs. Distant metastases in cases of IPC with invasion are very rare. The potential of distant metastasis in IPC with invasion and the difficulty of evaluating invasive foci should be recognized. Careful evaluation of distant metastases is recommended.     

缺血预处理减轻白细胞致肾急性缺血再灌注损伤的作用

采用家兔急性肾缺血再灌注损伤模型,研究缺血预处理(ischemic preconditioning,IPC)减轻白细胞致肾损伤的作用。实验分:IPC、缺血再灌注(inchemic reperfusion,IR)和对照组。均去右肾,检测在缺血前、缺血60min和再灌注60min、120min时混合静脉血中的白细胞总数和再灌120min时左肾系数(Left renal coefficient,LRC)、肾组织中的白细胞数以及过氧化脂质(Lipid peroxides,LPO)含量,并在光镜下对再灌120min时的肾小管的病理变化进行评分。结果表明:IR组在再灌注120min时,以上指标同对照组和IPC组比较,差异显著(P<0.05～0.01),血中白细胞数与LPO、LRC、肾小管评分的改变呈正相关(P<0.05),肾组织中白细胞数与LRC、肾小管评分呈正相关(P<0.05),IPC组肾组织中白细胞数显著低于对照组(P<0.01)。提示:白细胞在急性肾缺血再灌注损伤中是一个重要因素,IPC具有减轻白细胞所致的肾损伤作用。     

Autophagy is involved in the ischemic preconditioning

Autophagy is a key pathway for the clearance of damaged organelles. Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) and autophagy are enhanced by mild hypoxic insults, but the association between autophagy and IPC remains unclear. We investigated the existence and role of autophagy in IPC. In an in vitro PC12 cell model, IPC increased generation and degradation of autophagosomes, as revealed by increased LC3-II bands, cathepsin D positive cells, lysosomal activity and autophagic vacuoles on electron microscopy. Autophagic activity was blocked using 3-methyladenine during IPC, and cell viabilities were measured using FASC and WST-1 assays. Inhibition of autophagy, especially during reperfusion or lethal oxygen-glucose deprivation periods ameliorated the neuroprotective effects of IPC. Moreover, inhibiting autophagy also attenuated Hsp70 upregulation induced by IPC. These findings imply that autophagy participates in IPC-induced neuroprotection, and that autophagy might provide a means of neuroprotection against cerebral ischemia.     

Acetylcholine and attention

Historically, ACh has been implicated in learning and short-term memory functions. However, more recent studies have provided support for a role of cortical ACh in attentional effort, orienting and the detection of behavioral significant stimuli. The current review article summarizes studies in animals and humans which have investigated the role of ACh in attention and cognition. An attempt has been made to differentiate between brain regions involved in attentional processes versus those important for other cognitive functions. To this purpose, various experimental methods and interventions were used. Animal behavioral studies have injected the selective immunotoxin IgG-saporin to induce specific cholinergic lesions, employed electrochemical techniques such as microdialysis, or have administered cholinergic compounds into discrete parts of the brain. Human studies that give some indication on the link between central cholinergic signaling and cognition are obviously confined to less invasive, imaging methods such as fMRI. The brain areas that are deemed most important for intact attentional processing in both animals and humans appear to be the (pre)frontal, parietal and somatosensory (especially visual) regions, where ACh plays a vital role in the top-down control of attentional orienting and stimulus discrimination. In contrast, cholinergic signaling in the septohippocampal system is suggested to be involved in memory processes. Thus, it appears that the role of ACh in cognition is different per brain region and between nicotinic versus muscarinic receptor subtypes.     

低分子肝素联合充气加压装置用于全膝置换致皮下出血的观察

深静脉血栓(deep venous thrombosis,DVT)是人工全膝关节表面置换(total knee arthroplasty,TKA)术后常见并发症[1]。TKA术后DVT发生率为53.8%[2]。应用抗凝药物联合抗栓压力泵对预防DVT有重要作用,可以使DVT发生率明显     

Cortical thickness correlates with impulsiveness in healthy adults

Background

Impulsiveness is a central domain of human personality and of relevance for the development of substance use and certain psychiatric disorders. This study investigates whether there are overlapping as well as distinct structural cerebral correlates of attentional, motor and nonplanning impulsiveness in healthy adults.

Methods

High-resolution magnetic resonance scans were acquired in 32 healthy adults to model the gray-white and gray-cerebrospinal fluid borders for each individual cortex and to compute the distance of these surfaces as a measure of cortical thickness (CT). Associations between CT and the dimensions of impulsiveness (Barratt-Impulsiveness-Scale 11, BIS) were identified in entire cortex analyses.

Results

We observed a significant negative correlation between left middle frontal gyrus (MFG) CT and the attention BIS score (FDR p < .05), motor, nonplanning and total BIS score (each p < 0.001 uncorrected). In addition, CT of the orbitofrontal (OFC) and superior frontal gyrus (SFG) were inversely correlated (p < 0.001 uncorrected) with BIS total and motor score. Among other negative associations only one positive correlation (right inferior temporal with nonplanning score, p < 0.001 uncorrected) was found.

Conclusions

The MFG is crucial for top-down control, executive and attentional processes. The MFG together with the OFC and SFG appears to be part of brain structures, which have previously been shown to mediate behavioral inhibition, well-planned action and attention, which are core facets of impulsiveness as measured with the Barratt-Impulsiveness-Scale.     

Intracystic Papillary Carcinoma of the Breast in Males. In Search of the Optimal Treatment for this Rare Disease

Intracystic papillary carcinoma (IPC) of the breast in men is an extremely infrequent disease, and it appears to have a good prognosis. Because of this, histological findings are of great importance in the decision-making process regarding treatment. Clinical examination, radiological and histological assessments are required for early detection. Adequate surgical excision with negative margins is mandatory. However, the role of sentinel node biopsy has not been evaluated in male IPC. It appears that sentinel node biopsy may be an excellent alternative to radical axillary dissection in patients with IPC and associated ductal carcinoma in situ or invasive carcinoma. Nevertheless, due to the rarity of IPC and its confusing histopathological classification and staging, there are still no clear guidelines as far as IPC treatment is concerned.     

某部陆军军人心理控制能力的初步研究

目的 探讨陆军军人在内控性、有势力他人及机遇3方面心理控制能力的状况.方法 采用横断面研究,使用IPC量表对331名军人的心理控制能力进行问卷调查测定.结果 该人群在内控性、有势力他人及机遇3方面的分值分别为(29.25±7.14)分、(14.51±7.65)分和(15.38±7.48)分.被调查军人的内控性与学历和家人对自己的关心程度呈正相关,其相关系数分别为0.155,0.186(P<0.05,P<0.01),与疾病治疗疗效评价呈负相关,相关系数为-0.322(P<0.01);其有势力他人和机遇2方面均与对自己健康自评状况和家人对自己的关心程度呈负相关,其相关系数分别为-0.200,-0.272和-0.278,-0.328(P<0.01),而年龄、职务等与心理控制能力没有显著关联.结论 提高学历和疾病的治疗疗效,加强家人关心程度是促进军人心理控制能力提高的3个关键因素.