针刺对多囊卵巢综合征大鼠卵巢TGF-α、EGFR表达的影响

目的:研究针刺对多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)大鼠卵巢转化生长因子α(TGF-α)、表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)表达的影响,探讨针刺促排卵的作用机制。方法:24日龄雌性大鼠颈背部皮下注射脱氢表雄酮(DHEA)的油溶液制作(PCOS)模型,对照组同期皮下注射油剂。PCOS大鼠随机分为模型组和针刺组。模型组不作处理,针刺组大鼠从80日龄起针刺关元、中极、双侧三阴交、双侧子宫穴,1次/天,15min/次,连续6周。治疗结束后各组大鼠断头处死,迅速取血并分离血清,-20℃冰箱保存,待测性激素水平。摘取双侧卵巢,称重,4%多聚甲醛固定,作HE染色和免疫组织化学染色。结果:与模型组相比,针刺组卵巢湿重、卵巢TGF-α、EGFR表达及血清睾酮(T)、雌二醇(E2)水平均显著降低(P<0.01),而卵泡刺激素(FSH)、黄体生成素(LH)、孕酮(P4)水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:针刺能显著降低PCOS大鼠卵巢TGF-α及EGFR的表达,抑制TGF-α对卵巢和激素合成的作用,改善PCOS大鼠多囊样变和高雄激素血症,促进排卵。     

宫颈癌细胞产生的免疫抑制因子对IL－2作用的影响

人宫颈癌细胞产生的免疫抑制因子（ＴＤＳＦ）作用于人外周血单个核细胞（ＰＢＭＣ）６ｈ，即可抑制白细胞介素２（ＩＬ－２）产生，与对照组相比，Ｐ＜０．０１。当ＴＤＳＦ存在时，经ＰＨＡ－Ｐ驯化的ＰＢＭＣ效应细胞对外源性ＩＬ－２反应显著减弱，表明ＴＤＳＦ能抑制ＩＬ－２的作用。ＰＨＡ－Ｐ刺激ＰＢＭＣ增殖，但ＴＤＳＦ使其增殖抑制。表明ＴＤＳＦ能抑制ＩＬ－２产生及其作用；抗癌药对ＴＤＳＦ的分泌有部分阻抑作用。     

IL—2／LAK细胞对麻风杆菌感染巨噬细胞的溶解作用

观察了小鼠IL-2/LAK细胞体外对麻风杆菌感染巨噬细胞(Mφ)的溶解作用。结果显示,当麻风杆菌感染Mφ比率在1:1,10:1和50:1时,经体外培养1,3和5天后,效应细胞与靶细胞比例在10:1时,对麻风杆菌感染Mφ比率在10:1和50:1的靶细胞溶解作用比没有感染的Mφ或麻风杆菌与Mφ比率1:1的靶细胞显著增加。而且溶解百分率随着培养时间增加而提高。用放射性同位素标记麻风杆菌的代谢活力测定发现,LAK细胞能抑制麻风杆菌氧化(14)~C-棕榈酸产生(14)~CO_2。提示IL-2/LAK细胞在溶解麻风杆菌感染的巨噬细胞时,可能还具有影响胞内杀菌物质对麻风杆菌活力代谢的作用。     

Influence of an established acute phase response on the severity of experimental nephritis.

Small doses of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced an acute phase response (APR), and a number of studies have also shown that this greatly enhances the severity of glomerular injury in the heterologous phase of nephrotoxic nephritis (hNTN), an experimental model of anti-glomerular basement membrane (GBM) disease. Here, we examined the influence of pre-existing subclinical infection and raised APR, assessed by plasma alpha 2-macroglobulin (alpha 2-M) concentration, on the degree of injury in this model of nephritis. Studies were initially performed to determine the normal range of alpha 2-M in rats and its modulation by IL-6 and different doses of LPS. Plasma concentration of alpha 2-M was found to be variable and dependent on the weight of the rats. Single injections of either LPS or IL-6 had a comparable effect, and continuous perfusions of LPS caused a progressive increase in alpha 2-M which peaked at 48 h and declined gradually over 1 week. Following induction of nephritis with 10 mg of anti-GBM antibody, rats with raised alpha 2-M had 14 +/- 3 mg/24 h albuminuria compared with 4 +/- 1 mg/24 h in rats with normal alpha 2-M (P < 0.001, Wilcoxon). Injection of 20 mg anti-GBM antibody caused 36 +/- 11 mg/24 h albuminuria compared with 16 +/- 4 mg/24 h (P < 0.001), respectively. However, all these rats remained active and none of them died. In contrast, injection of 0.25 microgram LPS before induction of nephritis with 10 mg anti-GBM antibody, in rats with raised alpha 2-M, caused severe albuminuria (115 +/- 23 mg/24 h) compared with rats having normal levels of alpha 2-M (72 +/- 15 mg/24 h, P < 0.05). Furthermore, rats with raised alpha 2-M also had severe systemic manifestations characterized by pulmonary haemorrhage and extensive glomerular thrombosis, and many of them died. These results demonstrate the potential effect of pre-existing subclinical infection and raised APR on severity of glomerular injury which may affect the outcome of experimental studies.     

急性丙型肝炎患者免疫状况的研究

用间接免疫荧光法、酶联免疫吸附试验（ＥＬＩＳＡ）及ＬＤＨ释法，对１６例急性输血后丙型肝炎（抗－ＨＣＶ、ＨＣＶ－ＲＮＡ均阳性）患者，分别进行外周血单个核细胞（ＰＢＭＣ）的Ｔ细胞亚群计数、Ｔ４／Ｔ８比值、Ｔａｃ受体的检测及血清可溶性白细胞介素２受体（ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ）ＮＫ细胞活性的测定。并与正常人组比较，经ｔ检验发现，急性丙型肝炎患者的Ｔ４亚群所占百分比、Ｔ４／Ｔ８比值及ＰＢＭＣＴａｃ受体表达均明显低于正常人组（Ｐ＜０．０５），而ＮＫ细胞活性、血清ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ明显高于正常人组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。患者的这些免疫状态改变，可能对其发病机理的研究有一定意义。     

Changes in thymic export of L-selectin+ γδ and αβ T cells during fetal and postnatal development

We have used the technique of in situ intrathymic injection of fluorescein isothiocyanate to examine L-selectin expression on γδ and αβ T cells immediately after emigrating from the thymus of fetal and postnatal animals. We found that the percentage of L-selectin⁺ thymocytes exported per day decreased by half after birth and that the export of T cells from the thymus does not rely on expression of the peripheral lymph node homing receptor, L-selectin. Analysis of L-selectin on emigrant and mature T cell subsets revealed a remarkable heterogeneity of expression, both in terms of the numbers of cells expressing this molecule as well as the level of expression. γδ T cells, reportedly not having a propensity for homing to lymph nodes, not only contained the highest proportion of L-selectin⁺ cells, but also expressed far more of this molecule than either CD4⁺CD8^? or CD4^?CD8⁺ αβ T cells. Furthermore, those emigrant T cells expressing L-selectin are somewhat immature in their expression of this molecule. Subsequent maturation resulted in up-regulation of L-selectin on mature peripheral blood T cells, maturation that was clearly independent of extrinsic antigen. This antigen-independent post-thymic maturation appeared to occur as part of the normal progression from immature thymocyte to mature peripheral T cell in both fetal and postnatal animals.     

Antidromic latency of the monkey pyramidal tract neuron related to ipsileteral hand movements

During three different motor tasks of finger, wrist and arm movements on either side, 80 pyramidal tract neuron (PTN) activities were recorded in the monkey motor cortex. They were divided into three groups; PTNs related to controlateral movement (contra-PTNs), those related to ipsilateral movementt lateral movement (bilaterai-PTNs) and those related to ipsilateral movement (ipsi-PTNs). The latency histogram of the antidromic activation was similar for contra-PTNs as well as ipsi- and bilateral-PTNs in the fast PTN group, but most of slow PTNs appeared among contra-PTNs. Intracortical microstimulation (ICMS) was delivered to correlate muscular contraction with PTN acticity. Most of slow PTNs were related to proximal muscular contraction and PTNs related to proximal muscles appeared more in ipsi- and bilateral-PTNs than in contra-PTNs.     

Anti-proliferative effects of phosphodiester oligodeoxynucleotides

The immunostimulatory effects of cytosine-phosphate-guanosine (CpG)-containing oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) have been extensively documented. In this paper, we describe the inhibitory effects of ODNs that contain natural phosphodiester backbones (O-ODNs) on the immunostimulation caused by CpG-containing phosphorothioated ODNs (CpG-S). CpG-S stimulation of mouse splenocyte proliferation was reduced by the addition of O-ODNs that contained or lacked the CpG-motif (CpG-containing phosphodiester oligodeoxynucleotide, CpG-O or GpC-O). The total number of cultured splenocytes was up-regulated by CpG-S, whereas repetitive addition of O-ODNs to the cell cultures inhibited this effect. The frequency of T2-like B cells was found to be increased by CpG-S. The culture supernatants of CpG-S-treated splenocytes contained elevated levels of IL-10 and IL-6. However, IL-10 and IL-6 production was down-regulated significantly by the combination of CpG-S and either CpG-O or GpC-O. The O-ODN mediated inhibition of proliferation was less pronounced in IL-10-/- mice. Thus, the O-ODNs, irrespective of CpG content, exerted inhibitory activities on the proliferation of B cells. These anti-proliferative effects appear to be mediated both by the down-regulation of IL-10 production and increased apoptosis.