Subcellular compartmentalization of a potassium channel (Kv1.4): preferential distribution in dendrites and dendritic spines of neurons in the dorsal cochlear nucleus

Voltage-dependent ion channels have specific patterns of distribution along the neuronal plasma membrane of dendrites, cell bodies and axons, which need to be unravelled in order to understand their contribution to neuronal excitability and firing patterns. We have investigated the subcellular compartmentalization of Kv1.4, a transient, fast-inactivating potassium channel, in fusiform cells and related interneurons of the rat dorsal cochlear nucleus. A polyclonal antibody which binds to a region near the N-terminus domain of a Kv1.4 channel was raised in rabbits. Using a high-resolution combination of immunocytochemical methods, Kv1.4 was localized mainly in the apical dendritic trunks and cell bodies of fusiform cells, as well as in dendrites and cell bodies of interneurons of the dorsal cochlear nucleus, likely cartwheel cells. Quantitative immunogold immunocytochemistry revealed a pronounced distal to proximal gradient in the dendrosomatic distribution of Kv1. 4. In plasma membrane localizations, Kv1.4 was preferentially present in dendritic spines, either in the spine neck or in perisynaptic locations, always away from the postsynaptic density. These findings indicate that Kv1.4 is largely distributed in dendritic compartments of fusiform and cartwheel cells of the dorsal cochlear nucleus. Its preferential localization in dendritic spines, where granule cell axons make powerful excitatory synapses, suggests a role for this voltage-dependent ion channel in the regulation of dendritic excitability and excitatory inputs.     

795例肠外营养支持的回顾性分析

目的:对795例患者的肠外营养支持进行回顾性分析.方法:对行肠外营养支持的399例患者进行治疗前后淋巴细胞计数、血浆白蛋白和血浆锌离子浓度等营养学指标的比较,并选择行肠外营养的患者198例与行单一静脉营养的患者198例进行营养学指标的比较,同时比较不良反应和依从性.另选择25例有单一静脉营养史患者25例,分为足量组13例和低氮组12例,分别按照1.0～1.5和0.6 g·kg-1·d-1逐渐在3 d内递增到1.0～1.5 g·kg-1·d-1给予氨基酸,其余营养支持相同, 进行营养学指标的比较.结果:与治疗前比较,行肠外营养支持后患者的白蛋白、淋巴细胞计数、锌离子浓度等均显著增加(P<0.05).与单一静脉营养相比较,行肠外营养患者的白蛋白、淋巴细胞计数、锌离子浓度等也均显著增加(P<0.05),同时不良反应和依从性较好.足量组与低氮组比较,白蛋白值显著增加,而淋巴细胞计数、锌离子浓度无显著性差异.结论:肠外营养支持可以显著改善营养不良.     

糖尿病大鼠早期视网膜神经节细胞凋亡机制的探讨

目的：探讨糖尿病大鼠模型早期视网膜神经节细胞(retinal ganglion cells,RGCs)凋亡的机制。

方法：SD大鼠60只,随机分为对照组(CON)及糖尿病组(DM),糖尿病组一次性腹腔注射1% STZ诱发糖尿病鼠模型,两组于第4,8,12wk分别行HE、透射电镜及TUNEL法检测RGCs的凋亡情况,并应用激光共聚焦显微镜检测RGCs内钙离子浓度的变化。

结果：糖尿病组第8wk开始出现RGCs数量减少、细胞排列紊乱的病理改变,第12wk更为明显。糖尿病组透射电镜下可见第4wk时RGCs出现线粒体肿胀; 第8wk时RGCs内肿胀的线粒体更为明显、数目增多,染色质边集于核膜周边,部分细胞体积缩小、细胞器减少; 第12wk时出现RGCs体积变小,甚至出现细胞核断裂。TUNEL阳性RGCs最早于糖尿病组第4wk时出现,随病程延长凋亡的阳性细胞逐渐增多,凋亡指数与同期对照组相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。糖尿病组第8,12wk时RGCs内钙离子浓度明显高于同期对照组,差异显著(P<0.01); 糖尿病组第8wk与第12wk比较,升高差异亦有统计学意义(P<0.05)。

结论：糖尿病早期出现了视网膜神经节细胞的凋亡,其机制可能与细胞内钙离子浓度升高有关。     

Activation of phospholipase D involved in both injury and survival in A549 alveolar epithelial cells exposed to H2O2

To determine the role of the phospholipase D (PLD) pathway in injury and survival of alveolar epithelial cells, A549 cells were exposed to H₂O₂ (500 μM) which resulted in time-dependent injury and bi-phasic increase of PLD activity at 5 min and at 3 h, respectively. n-Butanol (0.5%) inhibited PLD activation, attenuated cell injury at 5 min of H₂O₂ exposure, but enhanced injury at 3 h of exposure. This activation was inhibited by treatment with catalase (500 units/ml). Exogenous phosphatidic acid mimicked the effects of PLD activation, and diphenyliodonium (NADPH oxidase inhibitor) reversed the decline in cell viability induced by H₂O₂ exposure. Propranolol (phosphatidic acid phospholydrolase inhibitor) and quinacrine (phospholipase A2 inhibitor) had weak effects on H₂O₂-induced PLD activation but reversed H₂O₂-induced injury. We speculate that PLD activation at the initiation of H₂O₂ exposure predominantly results in NAPDH oxidase activation, which mediates A549 cell injury, but turns to mediating cell survival as the H₂O₂ attack continues, which might be mainly due to the accumulation of intracellular phosphatidic acid.     

蛋氨酸限制提高内源性H2S活性延缓衰老的机制研究进展

蛋氨酸限制(Methionine restriction,MetR)作为饮食限制的方法之一,能够改善多种无脊椎动物、啮齿类动物及包括人类灵长类动物的衰老及其相关疾病.但MetR对衰老的具体调节作用机制尚未完全明确,目前除了与饮食限制的共有机制以外,越来越多的研究表明内源性硫化氢(Endogenous hydrogen ...     

阿魏酸乙酯的药理活性及其机制研究

目的 :观察阿魏酸乙酯的药理活性及其机制。方法 :在兔富含血小板血浆 (PRP)中加入阿魏酸乙酯和阿魏酸 ,用ADP诱导血小板的集聚 ,用TYXN 91智能血液凝集仪观察血小板聚集率 ,激光共聚焦显微镜观察血小板细胞聚集时细胞内钙离子的变化情况。制备CCl4肝损伤小鼠模型 ,取血清测定谷丙转氨酶 (ALT)、谷草转氨酶 (AST)活性 ,取肝组织测定丙二醛 (MDA)水平及超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)活性。结果 :不同浓度的阿魏酸乙酯 ,对ADP诱导的血小板聚集抑制百分数均显著高于等浓度的阿魏酸(n =8,P <0 .0 5 )。在阿魏酸乙酯作用下ADP诱导的血小板细胞内钙离子荧光强度的变化 (ΔFI)为4 .6± 1.7,明显低于对照组ΔFI值 (10 .3± 2 .6 ,n =8,P <0 .0 1)。阿魏酸乙酯可使肝损伤小鼠组织MDA、血清ALT、AST含量显著低于对照组 ,而肝组织的SOD水平显著高于对照组。结论 :阿魏酸乙酯抑制ADP诱导的血小板聚集作用及对CCl4引起的小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用均比阿魏酸强。     

直接进样离子色谱法测定金银花中的4种阳离子含量

目的:建立直接进样离子色谱法测定中药金银花超声提取液中的Na+、K+、Ca2+、Mg2+4种阳离子的含量方法。方法:选用ICS-900离子色谱IonPac CS12A阳离子色谱柱,20mmol/L MSA等度淋洗脱,电导检测金银花中的4种阳离子。结果:Na+、K+、Ca2+、Mg2+的线性范围良好,最低检出限为0.020、0.025、0.015和0.050 mg/L,样品加样回收率介于97%~102%之间。结论:该法操作简便、快速、准确,为金银花中的Na+、K+、Ca2+、Mg2+含量测定提供了一种有效的方法。     

The urate-binding alpha 1-2 globulin. Isolation and characterization of the protein from human plasma

The urate-binding α_1–2 globulin has been isolated from human plasma in a highly purified state. The isolation procedure was based upon anion exchange chromatography of the plasma macromolecular fraction on DEAE-Sephadex columns followed by ammonium sulphate precipitations and preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The urate-binding α_1–2 globulin is a rod-shaped glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 67000 as determined by dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and an isoelectric point of pH 4.6. In the presence of 6 N urea and mercaptoethanol respectively the protein does not split into subunits indicating that it might represent a single polypeptide chain. The urato-binding α_1–2 globulin contains 12.1% of carbohydrates including galactose, mannoso, galactosamine and sialic acid. The amino acid composition of the protein does not differ significantly from what is found in other plasma proteins except for the presence in automatic amino acid analysis of an hitherto unidentified compound. Further work is required in order to determine the number of binding sites for uric acid on the protein molecule.—The urate-binding α_1–2 globulin does not seem to be identical to any previously characterized protein from human blood.     

离子色谱法同时测定大气中NO_3~-和SO_4~(2-)的研究

目的建立大气中硝酸盐和硫酸盐同时分离测定的离子色谱分析方法。方法以超纯水超声浸提分离滤膜采集的气溶胶样品中阴离子,提取液经过简单过滤后,直接进样分析。选用高容量阴离子交换分析柱IonPac AS11-HC及其保护柱AG11-HC,以20.0mmol/L KOH作为淋洗液,以1.00ml/min的流速进行等度洗脱,抑制型电导检测,较好地完成了大气中硝酸盐和硫酸盐的含量测定。结果本方法线性良好,硝酸盐和硫酸盐测定的线性相关系数r≥0.9999,对大气中硝酸盐和硫酸盐含量分析的方法定量限分别为0.011和0.024μg/m3。样品中硝酸盐和硫酸盐的加标回收率为99.6%～105.6%,样品平行测定结果相对标准偏差RSD<3%。结论该方法操作简单、快速、准确、灵敏度高,适用于大气中硝酸盐和硫酸盐的测定。     

Hydrogen Peroxide Reduces Lead-Induced Oxidative Stress to Mouse Brain and Liver

Lead (Pb) intoxication may initiate many disorders in human and animals. This study investigates the role of exogenous hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) in inducing mouse tolerance to Pb exposure. Results showed that the simultaneous application of 1.2 μg H₂O₂ per kg body weight efficiently protected mice against the Pb-caused injury, as revealed by decreased growth suppression caused by the Pb stress, increased antioxidative enzyme activity, reduced lipid peroxidation, and the protective effect on the nuclear DNA integrity. To our knowledge, this is the first finding of this sort. R. G. Li and T. T. Li contributed equally to this work.