膀胱癌组织中MICA、NF—κB和p53的表达和意义

目的探讨膀胱尿路上皮癌中MHCI类链相关蛋白A（MHC class I chain．relatedA,MICA）的表达,以及与核因子-KB（ntlclear factor-κB,NF—κB）和p53的相互关系,为研究膀胱癌组织中MICA蛋白的表达机制提供组织学依据。方法用免疫组化方法检测75例膀胱尿路上皮癌及15例正常膀胱黏膜中MICA、NF-κB和p53蛋白表达,对MICA、NF-κB和p53在正常膀胱黏膜、浸润和非浸润膀胱癌中的表达进行统计学分析。结果（1）MICA、NF—κB和p53蛋白在膀胱癌的表达率分别为48．0％、85．3％和49．3％,均显著高于正常膀胱黏膜（P〈0．05）。MICA蛋白在浸润性膀胱癌的表达低于非浸润性膀胱癌（P〈0．05）。（2）膀胱癌组织中MICA与NF-κB蛋白表达呈正相关（r=0．256,P=0．027）,而MICA和p53蛋白的表达呈负相关（r=-0．23,P=0．047）。结论膀胱癌中MICA蛋白常表达上调,可作为膀胱癌的肿瘤相关抗原;NF-κB通路可能参与MICA的表达调控;p53通路可能不参与膀胱尿路上皮恶性转化过程中MICA蛋白的表达。     

Some aspects of the genetics and etiology of spontaneous diabetes mellitus

Summary Human DM consists of a heterogeneous group of metabolic disorders which have as a common denominator diminished carbohydrate tolerance. Genetic factors are probably important in the etiology of almost all cases of DM, excluding perhaps only those produced by pancreatectomy. However, the precise mechanisms of expression of the genetic defects related to DM have been elucidated only in a few cases whereas the majority, especially those of MOD, should probably be considered multifactorial in origin (complex interplay between polygenic and environmental factors). Several less frequent forms of DM can be inherited in a typical Mendelian way, either alone (e.g. probably MODY) or associated with certain well defined genetic diseases (where carbohydrate intolerance is a frequent component of the clinical picture). JOD should most probably be attributed to the action of some as yet unidentified environmental factors, perhaps viruses, in subjects with a particular genetic predisposition. This predisposition seems to be closely associated with certain HLA antigens, particularly those of the D series. The mechanisms responsible for this association remain a matter of controversy. Autoimmune phenomena appear to be important in the pathogenesis of JOD. The ability of certain viruses to induce DM has been clearly demonstrated in a few experimental systems by infecting genetically susceptible animals. Under such conditions, DM is produced by a destruction of the pancreatic islets. On the other hand, there is as yet no conclusive evidence concerning the possibility that exogenous and/or endogenous viruses may play a role in the etiology of human DM. Patients with certain chromosome abnormalities are prone to develop DM. On the other hand, there are no available data concerning a possible effect of DM on the incidence of chromosome abnormalities in patients with the disease or in the embryos and fetuses of diabetic mothers. The possibility of congenital transmission of a predisposition to DM (which might possibly be inherited thereafter) through the action of some unknown epigenetic mechanisms has been suggested on the basis of limited clinical and experimental observations. However, further information is necessary in order to clarify the validity of such a curious possibility.     

快速PCR-SSP-HLA-DRB分型与血清学分型的比较

为适应临床器官移植组织配型的要求，采用酚氯仿快速ＤＮＡ提取技术，建立起２．５小时完成的ＰＣＲＳＳＰＨＬＡＤＲＢ基因分型方法，并与血清学实验进行对照实验。结果显示，８５０份标本ＤＮＡ提取数量平均为１４．９μｇ，ＤＮＡ平均纯度为１．６；静脉血和腹腔血之间的ＨＬＡＤＲＢ１抗原频率无显著性差异，ＤＮＡ质量有显著性差异。结果表明此法具有快速、准确和适应腹腔血ＨＬＡＤＮＡ分型的优点     

可吸收缝线在泪小管吻合术中的应用

目的 :观察可吸收缝线在泪小管吻合术中的疗效。方法 :本组 30例患者在泪小管吻合术中均使用可吸收缝线缝合 ,术后观察手术成功率、缝线周围组织的反应及内眦皮肤愈合情况。结果 :30例患者手术均获成功 ,内眦部切口恢复正常形态。结论 :在泪小管吻合术中应用可吸收缝线 ,提高了手术的成功率 ,减少了术后并发症 ,疗效满意     

Major histocompatibility complex class I and class II polymorphism in chronic idiopathic demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy

Thirty-one chronic idiopathic demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) patients have been typed for HLA-A, -B and -C antigens serologically and for HLA-DR, -DQ and -DP class II genes by RFLP analysis. Our results confirm a previously reported slight association with HLA-B8 and identify a stronger association with HLA-Cw7.     

HLA空间构象的模拟比较

通过对两对骨髓移植后发生移植物抗宿主病（ＧＶＨＤ）的供受体有差异的ＨＬＡⅠ类抗原的结构模拟和比较，发现差异ＨＬＡ抗原在空间构象上存在明显差异，并表现在分子表面上，这种蛋白质分子表面空间构象上的差异是移植后ＧＶＨＤ的引发因素。研究结果提示移植供受体差异ＨＬＡ蛋白质的模拟比较可以用于预测ＧＶＨＤ的发生。     

脱细胞生物基质组织相容性评价研究

目的:研究不同脱细胞生物基质及猪皮的组织相容性。方法:将以不同脱细胞生物基质及猪皮注射法植入家兔脊柱旁肌肉内,观察植入后不同时间样品周围组织反应程度,以评价样品对组织的刺激性和相容性。阴性对照用SGBT硅橡胶。结果:猪皮、S0.55'、S0.520'和S0.560'四种样品4周时炎细胞反应程度为Ⅱ级,纤维囊腔形成程度为Ⅱ～Ⅳ级。胰酶处理后的样品和SDS处理后的样品4周时炎细胞反应程度为Ⅲ级,纤维囊腔形成程度为Ⅲ～Ⅳ级。结论:猪皮、S0.55'、S0.520'和S0.560'四种样品短期肌肉植入试验合格。表明其对组织无明显的刺激性,组织相容性良好。胰酶处理后的样品和SDS处理后的样品短期肌肉植入试验不合格表明其对组织有刺激性,组织相容性差。     

A theory on the differentiation of bone-marrow stem cells

Differentiation of pluripotent stem cells is viewed in parallel with maturation of lymphoid cells. Both processes share many features each occurring within a reticular framework with its component RE cells. RE cells are seen as providing control over stem cell differentiation in marrow thus minimizing stem cell competition by concentrating differentiation stimuli of a particular kind. The differentiation molecules are considered to be histocompatibility and tissue specific antigen components derived from aging or activated mature blood cells. They are probably low molecular weight glycoproteins. Evidence that histocompatibility antigens are of importance in cellular differentiation is presented. The hypothesis presupposes positive feedback mechanisms to bone-marrow with threshold responses being determined by RE cells.     

Relationship between measles HI titers and an MS susceptibility gene

Summary Recently published studies of formal linkage analyses strongly suggest that a multiple sclerosis susceptibility (MSS) gene is linked to the HLA region of the sixth chromosome. The objective of this analysis was to investigate whether or not the gene has any demonstrable relationship to the immune status with regard to measles within members of multiple-case MS families. Family members were HLA-typed, and levels of antibodies to measles were determined using the hemagglutination inhibition assay. Since a specific, HLA-defined haplotype within each family is presumably a marker for the MSS gene, family members were characterized as either carrying [(+) controls] or not carrying [(–) controls] the MSS gene by the presence of this specific haplotype. Twenty families were entered into the analyses. Results revealed that the mean titer to measles was not different between (+) and (–) controls, and that MS cases had significantly higher titers than both control groups combined.

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Zusammenfassung Vor kurzem veröffentlichte Studien über die formale Verbindungs-Analyse lassen sehr stark vermuten, daß ein Anfälligkeitsgen für Multiple Sklerose (MSS) mit der HLA-Region des sechsten Chromosoms verbunden ist. Es war das Ziel der Analyse, zu untersuchen, ob das Auftreten dieses Gens irgendeine nachweisbare Verbindung mit dem Immunestatus in bezug auf Masern unter den Mitgliedern von Familien mit mehrfachen Fällen von MS hat. Die Familienmitglieder waren HLA-Typen, und die Anzahl der Antikörper für Masern wurde durch die Hämagglutination-Inhibition-Probe bestimmt. Da ein spezifischer, HLA-bestimmter Haplotype innerhalb jeder Familie als Kennzeichen für das MSS-Gen angenommen wird, wurden die Familienmitglieder als Träger [(+)-Kontrolle] oder Nichtträger [(–)-Kontrolle] des MSS-Gens durch das Auftreten dieses spezifischen Haplotypen bestimmt. Zwanzig Familien nahmen an der Analyse teil. Die Resultate zeigten, daß der Durchschnittstiter für Masern zwischen den (+)- und (–)-Kontrollen nicht unterschiedlich war, und daß die MS-Fälle wesentlich höhere Titer hatten als beide Kontrollgruppen zusammen.