浅议宫颈环型电切除术治疗宫颈疾病180例临床分析

目的探讨宫颈环型电切除术(LEEP)治疗宫颈病变的手术指征、并发症及预防措施。方法对2010年1月至2011年1月间不同类型宫颈疾病的患者180例采用LEEP刀手术治疗,标本均送病理学检查。回顾性分析手术效果和并发症。结果 LEEP手术治疗宫颈疾病成功率为94.4%(170/180),手术时间3～25min,平均14min,出血量5～30ml,平均18ml。术后无感染发生。结论 LEEP手术是一种安全、有效、快速、微创的治疗宫颈病变的方法。具有手术时间短,出血少,术后恢复好,简单易行等优点。切除组织完全可用于病理学检查。     

高强度紫外线空气消毒器消毒效果研究

目的观察一种高强度紫外线空气消毒器动态空气消毒效果。方法采用平板沉降法和仪器采样法作沉降菌和浮游菌检测,对该高强度紫外线空气消毒器进行了现场消毒试验观察。结果在面积约57 m2的教室内安装一台高强度紫外线空气消毒器,在动态情况下运行90 min,可使空气中自然菌消亡率保持在80%~87%。装有两台高强度紫外线空气消毒器在动态情况下运行90 min,可使空气中自然菌消亡率保持在87%~96%。平板沉降法与仪器法采样结果差异无显著统计学意义。结论该高强度紫外线空气消毒器在动态情况下对室内空气中自然菌具有较好的除菌效果。     

体检信息系统建设实例

介绍我院体检信息系统在硬件设施、网络安全、数据流程等方面的实施方法及流程制定。阐述了在弱电建设、网络安全体系、流程制定等方面的实施方法,为医院建设数字化体检提供有效参考。     

空气洁净器除菌效果及影响因素的试验观察

今是牌 Ｍ ＫＪ型空气洁净器由预过滤器、复合过滤器、活性碳膜、静电场及负离子发生器等组成。以气溶胶定量除菌试验,了解其消除空气细菌效果及影响因素。结果,在２０℃、相对湿度６０％的条件下,作用 ３０ ｍｉｎ,对空气中金黄色葡萄球菌和枯草杆菌黑色变种芽胞的消除率分别为 ９９．９９％与 ９９．９３％,作用 ６０ ｍｉｎ时均达 １００％。关闭静电或负离子发生器作用 ３０ ｍｉｎ,对金黄色葡萄球菌的消除率分别为９９．２５％与９９．９９％,作用６０ｍｉｎ者亦均达１００％。其除菌效果在相对湿度６０％时较好,随室温升高而增强。结果说明,静电有较明显加速除菌作用。     

Advanced Biofuels from ABE (Acetone/Butanol/Ethanol) and Vegetable Oils (Castor or Sunflower Oil) for Using in Triple Blends with Diesel: Evaluation on a Diesel Engine

From a technical and economic point of view, our aim is to provide viable solutions for the replacement of fossil fuels which are currently used in internal combustion diesel engines. In this research, two new biofuels composed of second-generation vegetable oils (SVO),used oil sunflower (SO) or castor oil (CO), and the ABE blend (acetone/butanol/ethanol) were evaluated. ABE is an intermediate product from the fermentation of carbohydrates to obtain bio-butanol. Besides, the ABE blend exhibits suitable properties as biofuel, such asvery low kinematic viscosity, reasonable energy density, low autoignition temperature, and broad flammability limits. Diesel/ABE/SVO triple blends were prepared, characterized and then, tested on a diesel engine, evaluating power output, consumption, and exhaust emissions. The power output was slightly reduced due to the low heating values of ABE blend. Also, engine consumed more fuel with the triple blends than with diesel under low engine loads whereas, at medium and high loads, the fuel consumption was very similar to that of diesel. Regarding exhaust gas emissions, soot wasnotably reduced, and nitrogen oxides (NO_x) and carbon monoxide (CO₂) emissions were lower or comparable to that of diesel, while the CO emissions increased. The use of these biofuels allows the replacement of high percentagesof diesel without compromising engine power and achievinga significant reduction in pollution emissions. Furthermore, a notable improvement in cold flow properties of the fuel blends is obtained, in comparison with diesel.     

超短波、音频电对劳损所致腕管综合征早期的治疗作用

目的探讨超短波、音频电对劳损所致腕管综合征(carpal tunnel syndrome,CTS)早期的治疗作用。方法将15例(19手)劳损所致CTS患者予超短波、音频电治疗,2疗程后观察患手的感觉、肌力改善程度及肌电图变化,进行综合评估。结果本组15例(19手)中,治愈11手,治愈率57.89%;显效5手,显效率26.32%;有效1手,有效率5.26%;无效2手,无效率10.53%。结论超短波、音频电治疗劳损所致CTS早期疗效显著。     

医疗设备质量控制体系建立的探讨

现代社会医疗水平的提高越来越依赖于医学工程技术的发展和进步,且集中体现在医疗设备广泛应用。本文首先从医疗设备使用中涉及的安全性问题入手,阐述了进行医疗设备质量控制的必要性,然后详细探讨了医疗设备质量控制实施的范围、内容和检测方式,最后结合实际工作情况对医疗设备质量控制体系的建立进行了探讨。     

Capacity factors for electrical power generation from renewable and nonrenewable sources

Given the dire consequences of climate change and the war in Ukraine, decarbonization of electrical power systems around the world must be accomplished, while avoiding recurring blackouts. A good understanding of performance and reliability of different power sources underpins this endeavor. As an energy transition involves different societal sectors, we must adopt a simple and efficient way of communicating the transition’s key indicators. Capacity factor (CF) is a direct measure of the efficacy of a power generation system and of the costs of power produced. Since the year 2000, the explosive expansion of solar PV and wind power made their CFs more reliable. Knowing the long-time average CFs of different electricity sources allows one to calculate directly the nominal capacity required to replace the current fossil fuel mix for electricity generation or expansion to meet future demand. CFs are straightforwardly calculated, but they are rooted in real performance, not in modeling or wishful thinking. Based on the current average CFs, replacing 1 W of fossil electricity generation capacity requires installation of 4 W solar PV or 2 W of wind power. An expansion of the current energy mix requires installing 8.8 W of solar PV or 4.3 W of wind power.

Greenhouse gas emissions are the driving force behind climate change (1), which threatens biodiversity (2), food security (3), and cultural diversity (4). The main source of carbon emissions in electricity generation is the current mixture of inputs (5). The current state of affairs demands an energy transition, but numerous challenges emerge (6–8). Such a transition implicates different societies in different ways (9–11), but even the conservative United States wants a decarbonized future (12). Actions toward a sustainable future have been taken at different scales from city (13) to country level (14).The current energy system in place has a rigid structure with a modus operandi of “winner takes all” that hampers the establishment of alternatives (15). Policies can be implemented to overcome the status quo. However, unintended consequences can arise, e.g., carbon pricing policies tend to incentivize optimization of the current energy system instead of the required transformations to achieve a decarbonized one (16). This conclusion is not universally accepted (17–19). It seems, however, that renewables will lead the energy transition and solar photovoltaics will play a key role (20–22).Engaging different players in a society for the energy transition is essential. However, the diversity of stakeholders creates communication barriers, particularly when technical details are transmitted to a broad audience. The war in Ukraine and insufficient natural gas supply in Europe have added painful urgency to clear and truthful communication of the potential pitfalls of any energy transition that boil down to the clear understanding of what the different components of electricity generation systems can and cannot do. Regarding power-generation efficiencies of different sources, the use of CF is an excellent tool to connect with a broad set of audiences.CF is a measure of a power plant efficacy (23). In short, it is an indicator of how fully the power plant is used, relative to its thermodynamic and technological constraints and required spare capacity (24). For all technologies, CFs have typical values for a set time interval and input (a fuel, light, water, or wind).An electrical power plant’s CF gives this plant’s average output relative to its maximum capacity. This could be quite misleading for renewables. If a plant works at 50% of nominal capacity, its CF is 0.5. This does not mean that the plant worked 12 h at full capacity and was off over the remaining 12 h. This plant could be down for different reasons such as repairs, maintenance, refueling, or intermittency for renewables. Despite its limitations, CF is a straightforward indicator that can be easily calculated and predict the amount of electricity that will be obtained on average from a specific nominal capacity installed.Comparing CFs across different technologies can be tricky, mainly when some are well established and mature, while others are at pilot-scale or not fully deployed. In the last two decades, solar PV and wind have been growing exponentially. This explosive growth allows one to obtain reliably their CFs. When a technology is more established, the effects of pilot plants, learning curves (25–28), or optimal sites no longer dominate, giving reliable estimates about that technology’s performance. Field tests are the ultimate answer. Theoretical estimates can differ significantly from the measured ones. Such discrepancies have been presented for wind (29) and concentrated solar power plants (30) (SI Appendix, section 10). Knowing the real value of CFs is fundamental to estimating costs, power production, and the future roles of specific technologies.In this work, we analyze the average CFs of different electricity sources (i.e., biomass, fossil fuels, geothermal heat, water, uranium, solar light, and wind) over the period 2000–2017. Global and regional values are estimated to highlight the differences in the performance of different technologies. These average CF values are then used to calculate the required nominal capacity to be installed in the future for our unavoidable energy transition.     

海洛因依赖者的脑电超慢涨落分析

目的：了解海洛因依赖者的脑功能特征。方法：用脑电超慢涨落分析仪记录50例海洛因依赖者和21名正常人的脑功能图谱,并进行比较分析。结果：海洛因依赖组的γ-氨基丁酸和谷氨酸分别为（11.7±1.1）mHz和（11.5±1.9）mHz,明显高于对照组（7.6±2.4）mHz和（5.6±3.0）mHz（P〈0.01）;多巴胺为（3.3±3.7）mHz,明显低于对照组的（7.0±4.0）mHz,两组差异有显著性（P〈0.01）。结论：从脑电生理结果观察,海洛因依赖者的大脑功能有明显损害。     

QT间期校正和QT离散度检测方法的探讨

目的　探讨QT间期校正方法和心率、QRS时间、描记纸速对QT离散度 (QTd)的影响。方法　(1)对比分析 5 0例纸速 2 5mm·s-1和 5 0mm·s-1描记时QT间期和QTd;(2 )对比分析 5 0例室上性心动过速(SVT)发作时和发作前QT间期 ,并比较QTC、QTLC、QTFC三种方法校正结果 ;(3)对比分析 5 0例SVT发作时与发作前QTd;(4)对比分析 2 0例显性预激综合征消融旁路前后QTd。结果　 (1)在SVT时QTC 出现假性延长 ,QTLC、QTFC有助克服上述假象 ;(2 ) 2 5mm·s-1与 5 0mm·s-1纸速QTd、SVT发作时与发作前QTd、显性预激射频消融前后QTd,均无显著性差异。结论　QT间期受心率影响 ,但QTd 不受心率影响 ;对QT间期校正建议应修改QTC,试用QTLC或QTFC。