Short-term suppression of plasma free fatty acids fails to improve insulin sensitivity when intramyocellular lipid is elevated.

AIMS: Metabolic responses to manipulation of the plasma free fatty acid (FFA) concentration were assessed in six healthy men via cross-over design to determine whether FFAs independently influence insulin sensitivity. METHODS: Intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) was measured by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy and insulin sensitivity via frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) after 67 h of two identical low carbohydrate/high fat (LC) diets which were used to elevate IMCL and plasma FFAs. To uncouple the influence of FFAs and IMCL on insulin sensitivity, FFAs were suppressed 30 min prior to and during IVGTT in one treatment [LC + nicotinic acid (NA)] by NA ingestion. RESULTS: Vastus lateralis IMCL was significantly elevated in LC (13.3 +/- 1.1 x 10(-3)) and LC + NA (13.5 +/- 1.1 x 10(-3)) (P < 0.01 for both), but was not different between conditions (P > 0.05). Plasma FFAs were raised in LC (0.79 +/- 0.08 mmol/l) and LC + NA (0.80 +/- 0.11 mmol/l) (P < 0.01 for both) and were significantly reduced by NA ingestion prior to (0.36 +/- 0.05 mmol/l, P < 0.01) and during IVGTT (P < 0.05) in LC + NA. Despite marked differences in plasma FFA availability, insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance were not different between LC and LC + NA (P > 0.05 for both). CONCLUSIONS: Plasma FFAs appear to exert no immediate effect on insulin sensitivity/glucose tolerance independent of their action on intracellular lipid moieties. Further research is required to elucidate the duration of FFA suppression required to restore insulin sensitivity following lipid-induced insulin resistance.     

Resection and augmentation of Bichat's fat pad in facial contouring

Summary The Bichat's fat pad (Corpus adiposum buccae) is of great significance in facial contouring. Resection of major parts of this fat pad results in hollow cheeks and in accentuation of the zygoma. On the other hand, hypoplasia or shrinkage of this fat pad can be augmented by means of silicone implants for improved aesthetic results.     

Multicoil Dixon chemical species separation with an iterative least-squares estimation method.

This work describes a new approach to multipoint Dixon fat-water separation that is amenable to pulse sequences that require short echo time (TE) increments, such as steady-state free precession (SSFP) and fast spin-echo (FSE) imaging. Using an iterative linear least-squares method that decomposes water and fat images from source images acquired at short TE increments, images with a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and uniform separation of water and fat are obtained. This algorithm extends to multicoil reconstruction with minimal additional complexity. Examples of single- and multicoil fat-water decompositions are shown from source images acquired at both 1.5T and 3.0T. Examples in the knee, ankle, pelvis, abdomen, and heart are shown, using FSE, SSFP, and spoiled gradient-echo (SPGR) pulse sequences. The algorithm was applied to systems with multiple chemical species, and an example of water-fat-silicone separation is shown. An analysis of the noise performance of this method is described, and methods to improve noise performance through multicoil acquisition and field map smoothing are discussed.     

中晚期肝癌经肝动脉化疗栓塞术后二期切除的临床分析

９６例中晚期肝癌经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞治疗，其中１３例在肿瘤病灶明显缩小后，施行二期手术切除。首次治疗至二期手术时间为３２－２０６天，中位时间８６天。手术后标本经病理检查，发现１２例肿瘤病灶大部分坏死，但癌周有少量癌细胞存活，１例肿瘤病灶完全性凝固性坏死。这提示中晚期肝癌行肝动脉化疗栓塞后，应争取施行二期手术，消灭残癌。     

综合疗法和加用人胎肝细胞悬液治疗重症肝炎30例疗效比较

重症肝炎30例随机分为两组,采用综合疗法治疗15例;另15例在综合疗法基础上加用人胎肝细胞悬液。综合治疗组病死比例为9/15例;胎肝组病死比例为4/15例,较综合疗法组明显为低。胎肝组存活11例平均退黄时间为55.4±25.4天;综合疗法组存活6例,平均退黄时间为119.7±54.9天,前者明显短于后者(P<0.01)。对胎肝组12例患者作输注前后凝血酶元时间活动度对比观察,输注后48h凝血酶元时间活动度可提高18.9％。     

Detection of Epstein Barr virus in an hepatic leiomyomatous neoplasm in an adult human immunodeficiency virus 1-infected patient

We report the first case of a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related primary hepatic leiomyoma in an adult patient. The diagnosis was made at autopsy and confirmed by immunohistochemistry. Epstein Barr virus (EBV) was identified in tumour cells by in situ hybridization. Review of the literature revealed 13 cases of visceral myogenic tumours occuring in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome children, and only 2 cases in adults. One was a spinal epidural leiomyoma, the other multiple smooth muscle tumours of the colon and adrenal gland. This is the first report of EBV in smooth muscle neoplastic cells in an HIV-infected adult patient.     

原位肝移植治疗急性肝功能衰竭21例临床分析

目的探讨原位肝移植治疗急性肝功能衰竭的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析天津市第一中心医院21例因急性肝功能衰竭行原位肝脏移植术病人的临床资料，总结急性肝衰竭实施肝移植的经验。结果21例病人随访时间为3～60个月，中位随访时间为25个月。生存时间为1—1530d，中位生存时间为517d。病人的围手术期存活率为66．7％，1年存活率为66．7％，2年存活率为66．7％。死亡原因包括多脏器功能衰竭、颅内出血、上消化道出血、急性成人呼吸窘迫综合征、移植物原发性无功能。14例的远期性生存病人中，13例移植前合并乙型肝炎（乙肝），其中有1例（1／13）在术后1年出现乙肝复发。结论肝移植术是治疗急性肝功能衰竭最有效的方法，严格把握适应证、合理选择手术时机是提高疗效的关键。     

肝硬变门静脉高压及其合并症与肝移植

目的探讨肝硬变门静脉高压及其合并症对肝移植的影响及其治疗原则。方法对近年来有关肝硬变门静脉高压及其合并症对肝移植的影响的文献进行系统分析。结果肝硬变门静脉高压时脾肿大、脾功能亢进、门静脉血栓、门体分流、侧支循环等对肝移植手术产生不同程度的影响，增加了手术的难度和复杂性，术前和术中正确处理这些合并症，可有效提高肝移植的成功率。结论正确处理终末期肝硬变门静脉高压及其合并症，可拓宽肝移植的适应证、提高移植的成功率和远期疗效。