Differential Distribution of Tau Proteins in Developing Cat Cerebral Cortex and Corpus Callosum

During the postnatal development of cat visual cortex and corpus callosum the molecular composition of tau proteins varied with age. In both structures, they changed between postnatal days 19 and 39 from a set of two juvenile forms to a set of at least two adult variants with higher molecular weights. During the first postnatal week, tau proteins were detectable with TAU-1 antibody in axons of corpus callosum and visual cortex, and in some perikarya and dendrites in the visual cortex. At later ages, tau proteins were located exclusively within axons in all cortical layers and in the corpus callosum. Dephosphorylation of postnatal day 11 cortical tissue by alkaline phosphatase strongly increased tau protein immunoreactivity on Western blots and in numerous perikarya and dendrites in all cortical layers, in sections, suggesting that some tau forms had been unmasked. During postnatal development the intensity of this phosphate-dependent somatodendritic staining decreased, but remained in a few neurons in cortical layers II and III. On blots, the immunoreactivity of adult tau to TAU-1 was only marginally increased by dephosphorylation. Other tau antibodies (TAU-2, B19 and BR133) recognized two juvenile and two adult cat tau proteins on blots, and localized tau in axons or perikarya and dendrites in tissue untreated with alkaline phosphatase. Tau proteins in mature tissue were soluble and not associated with detergent-resistant structures. Furthermore, dephosphorylation by alkaline phosphatase resulted in the appearance of more tau proteins in soluble fractions. Therefore tau proteins seem to alter their degree of phosphorylation during development. This could affect microtubule stability as well as influence axonal and dendritic differentiation.     

Pterygium excision with or without postoperative irradiation,a double-blind study

A double-blind study (covering 40 months) of 40 eyes with a pterygium which had not previously been operated on, was carried out to study the effect of postoperative irradiation. Nineteen eyes were treated by the bare sclera operation technique only and in 13 cases (68%) a recurrence occurred within 4 months. In 18 eyes from the group of patients treated with Sr 90 irradiation on the 1st, 7th and 14th postoperative day (maximum 3×1000 rad) no recurrences were seen.Patients with a recurrent pterygium and diplopia, symblepharon, visual disturbances (growth over the pupil or severe astigmatism) or many previous operations, were treated by lamellar keratoplasty (Dake, 1980). The recurrences without these complications were treated with success by the bare sclera technique and postoperative irradiation.Complications did not occur in any of the series.     

子宫内膜癌中nm23和c-erbB-2蛋白的表达及其意义

目的　研究nm2 3和c -erbB - 2蛋白在子宫内膜癌中的表达及其临床意义。方法　用LSAB免疫组化法检测 4 2例子宫内膜癌中nm2 3和c -erbB - 2蛋白的表达。结果　nm2 3和c -erbB - 2在子宫内膜癌中的阳性表达率分别为 6 0 0 %、 4 7 6 % ,其阳性表达与年龄、不同组织学类型差异无显著 (P >0 0 5 ) ;nm2 3与病理分级呈负相关 (P <0 0 1 ) ,无淋巴结转移者阳性表达率明显高于淋巴结转移者 (71 9%和 2 0 0 % ,P <0 0 5 ) ;c -erbB - 2的表达与癌细胞的分化程度、临床分期有关 ,分化程度高及早期癌中c -erbB - 2表达强。结论　对子宫内膜癌组织进行nm2 3和c -erbB - 2蛋白的检测 ,有助于了解子宫内膜癌的临床病理特征和预后     

IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY OF MEDULLOEPITHELIOMA AND NEURAL TUBE

Immunohistochemistry profiles of medulloepithelioma (from two 2 1-year-old girls who had 2 cerebral medulloepitheliomas and a 35-week postconceptional female infant with congenital posterior fossa tumor) and neural tube are compared. Microscopically, the tumors contained a medulloepitheliomatous component, manifested as tubular epithelial structures lined by pseudostratified columnar epithelium delineated by well-defined basement membranes. In all cases, glial and neuronal differentiation were noted to differing extents. The medulloepitheliomatous components did not exhibit glial fibrillary acidic protein, neuron-specific enolase, or S-100 protein reactivity. Neurofilament, cytokeratin, and epithelial membrane antigen were focally present in one case. Extensive nestin immunopositivity was confined to the basal cell layer of the epithelium, leaving the luminal surface unreactive or slightly reactive. These cells also displayed a reactivity to vimentin and to microtubuleassociated protein type 5 similar to that of cells of the primitive neural tube. The similarity between the immunohistochemical profile of medulloepithelioma and that of neural tube epithelium suggests a possible reexpression of that component of the genome responsible for neural tube growth and differentiation in medulloepithelioma.     

The expression of the calcium binding protein calretinin in the rat striatum: effects of dopamine depletion and L-DOPA treatment

The activity of the striatum is regulated by glutamate and dopamine neurotransmission. Consequent to striatal dopamine depletion the corticostriatal excitatory input is increased, which in turn can raise intracellular calcium levels. We investigated changes in the neuronal expression of the calcium binding protein calretinin related to dopamine depletion and l-DOPA administration. Immunohistochemical methods were used to assess calretinin in the striatum of rats with unilateral lesions of the nigrostriatal system. In these animals we observed a loss of the patchy distribution of calretinin fibers. Moreover, after dopaminergic depletion we detected two new, not previously described, calretinin cell types, the presence of which could be related to morphological changes induced by loss of a dopaminergic input. We also found an increase in the number of calretinin-labeled cells in the striatum ipsilateral to the lesion compared to the contralateral striatum or to the striatum of normal rats. This increase was mostly evident at 3 weeks postlesion and tended to decrease toward normal levels at 6, 10, and 18 weeks postlesion. In unlesioned animals, l-DOPA administration did not induce changes in the expression of calretinin. In unilaterally lesioned animals, l-DOPA reversed the increase in the number of calretinin-positive cells induced by the lesion. However, chronic l-DOPA administration was less effective than acute l-DOPA in reversing the effect of the lesion. The present data suggests that striatal calretinin neurons are sensitive to dopamine depletion. Increased expression of calretinin in striatal cells may be consequent to enhanced striatal excitatory input.     

67例多发性骨髓瘤患者尿蛋白分析

目的:检测多发性骨髓瘤( MM)患者尿蛋白及其肾功能相关指标,以探讨尿蛋白是否能作为肾脏早期损伤最灵敏的 诊断指标.方法:对 67例 MM患者在诊断时进行尿蛋白测定,然后分别测定尿蛋白阳性结果、阴性结果两组患者的 血清免疫球蛋白、肌肝、尿素、白蛋白、血钙.结果:肾功能不良的 MM患者,用血清指标(肌肝、尿素)评估只有 19例 (28.3% ),而用尿蛋白评估是 46例 (68.7% ).大多数 IgG型(占总体 IgG69.7%)和所有的轻链型 MM患者中尿蛋白 阳性.在尿蛋白阳性和尿蛋白阴性患者的生化结果对比分析中,发现血清肌肝 (P<0.01),尿素 (P<0.001)、β 2-微 球蛋白 (P<0.05).白蛋白 (P<0.05)在两类 MM患者之间有显著差异,没有发现血清钙有显著差异( P>0.05).结 论:尿蛋白比其他生化指标能更好地识别早期阶段的肾损伤,是 MM患者肾损伤灵敏的诊断指标.     

大鼠卵黄囊的分化及其肿瘤性转化研究

目的研究12d大鼠胚胎脏层卵黄囊(VYS)向多胚层组织分化的潜能和在逆转录病毒感染下的肿瘤性转化特征。方法在不同培养条件、移植位点的条件下,观察VYS体内外分化的改变;另外利用逆转录病毒载体将荧光蛋白基因(GFP)转染12d卵黄囊细胞,对GFP标记的转化细胞进行体内外研究。结果在不同培养条件下,均对体外培养的或体内移植的大鼠卵黄囊向三个胚层分化的进程无特异的导向性。将荧光蛋白标记卵黄囊克隆细胞接种在裸鼠皮下长出了未分化的间质细胞肉瘤。结论12d大鼠胚胎脏层卵黄囊具有向三胚层分化的潜能;逆转录病毒感染导致卵黄囊间质细胞发生肿瘤性转化。     

蛋白酶体功能障碍对多巴胺能PC12细胞的特异性损伤

目的探讨蛋白酶体抑制剂lactacystin对多巴胺能PC12细胞的特异性损伤。方法不同浓度的lactacystin(1、5、10、15和20μmol/L)分别处理多巴胺能PC12细胞和胶质瘤U251细胞24 h,MTT法检测细胞活力;50μmol/L的lactacystin处理U251细胞24 h,MTT法检测细胞活力;10、20μmol/L lactacystin处理PC12细胞,W estern B lot检测细胞内多泛素化蛋白含量;单胺氧化酶B抑制剂selegiline(500μmol/L)和特异性酪氨酸羟化酶抑制剂-αMT(1 mmol/L)提前4 h预处理PC12细胞,再与10μmol/Llactacystin共同作用24 h,MTT法检测细胞活力,W estern B lot检测多泛素化蛋白含量。结果Lactacystin呈剂量依赖性损伤多巴胺能PC12细胞,其对胶质瘤U251细胞无毒性作用,而且其毒性与细胞内多泛素化蛋白生成增加相关。用以增加细胞内多巴胺含量的selegiline和用以减少细胞内多巴胺含量的α-MT都导致lactacystin毒性增强。结论蛋白酶体功能障碍特异性损伤多巴胺能细胞,而其特征性的神经递质多巴胺在其易感性中的作用复杂。