SEROLOGIC SURVEY ON HANTAVIRUS IN BLOOD DONORS FROM THE STATE OF SANTA CATARINA,BRAZIL

Emergent diseases such as Hantavirus Cardio-pulmonary Syndrome (HCPS) are able to create a significant impact on human populations due to their seriousness and high fatality rate. Santa Catarina, located in the South of Brazil, is the leading state for HCPS with 267 reported cases from 1999 to 2011. We present here a serological survey on hantavirus in blood donors from different cities of the state of Santa Catarina, with an IgG-ELISA using a recombinant nucleocapsid protein from Araraquara hantavirus as an antigen. In total, 314 donors from blood banks participated in the study, geographically covering the whole state. Among these, 14 individuals (4.4%) had antibodies to hantavirus: four of 50 (8% positivity) from Blumenau, four of 52 (7.6%) from Joinville, three of 50 (6%) from Florianópolis, two of 50 (4%) from Chapecó and one of 35 (2.8%) from Joaçaba. It is possible that hantaviruses are circulating across almost the whole state, with important epidemiological implications. Considering that the seropositive blood donors are healthy individuals, it is possible that hantaviruses may be causing unrecognized infections, which are either asymptomatic or clinically nonspecific, in addition to HCPS. It is also possible that more than one hantavirus type could be circulating in this region, causing mostly benign infections.     

江西省汉坦病毒分离及其S和M基因特征分析

目的 对2011年江西省采集的鼠肺标本进行汉坦病毒的分离鉴定,了解分离病毒株的基因特征。方法 采用Vero-E6细胞对阳性鼠肺标本进行病毒分离,采用直接免疫荧光法和RT-PCR方法对毒株进行鉴定。扩增分离株的S、M片段基因进行克隆测序。运用DNAstar软件包和MEGA3.1软件对序列进行分析。结果 从15份标本分离到2株来自褐家鼠的汉城型汉坦病毒。对其中1株病毒的S、M片段进行了克隆和序列测定,其中S片段含1 772个核苷酸,编码429个氨基酸;M片段含3 651个核苷酸,编码1 133个氨基酸。经核苷酸和氨基酸同源性分析,新分离株与国内外汉城型病毒核苷酸同源性94.8 %~98.0%,氨基酸同源性98.2%~99.6%。与汉城型标准株80-39株相比,S片段仅1个氨基酸位点发生变异;M片段有9个氨基酸位点发生变异,糖基化位点的数目和位置没有发生变化。结论 从江西省褐家鼠分离到两株汉城型病毒,病毒基因变异较小,型别相对稳定。     

肝功指标判断汉坦病毒所致肝损害的临床价值

目的探讨常用肝功能指标判断汉坦病毒所致肝损害的临床价值。方法回顾性分析367例肾综合征出血热(HFRS)患者肝功能指标、病情及治疗结局的关系。结果HFRS患者ALT、AST、TBIL及白蛋白异常分别占73.84%(271/367)、79.84%(293/367)、13.35%(49/367)和44.41%(163/367)。HFRS不同临床型间ALT、AST和TBIL差异有统计学意义(P<0.001),而白蛋白各型间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论汉坦病毒易于引起肝脏损害,肝损害程度与病情、预后有关;ALT、AST及TBIL是反映肝脏损害程度的重要指标;而白蛋白不能作为汉坦病毒肝损害程度的判断指标。     

汉坦病毒A_(537)核蛋白基因的分段表达及其产物抗原活性的研究

目的构建汉坦病毒S基因不同截短片段的重组表达质粒,并选择表达高活性的重组抗原应用于血清学诊断。方法从HTN型A537株基因组中扩增出S全长基因,构建TA-A537S克隆;以此为模板扩增出不同长度的截短的S片段,定向插入表达载体pET-30a,获得含不同片段的重组表达载体(pET-1-112,pET-1-119,pET-1-137,pET-1-200,pET-1-292,pET-1-316,pET-1-429,pET-6-119,pET-6-137,pET-6-200,pET-6-292,pET-6-405,pET-16-112,pET-16-137,pET-26-137),并在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中分别进行了表达;应用SDS-PAGE观察重组蛋白表达情况,应用Western blot分析重组抗原的活性,采用电洗脱、亲和层析等方法纯化重组蛋白,用间接ELISA法对重组蛋白的抗原性及抗原特异性进行检测。结果成功构建了含HV S全基因的TA-A537S克隆质粒;以截短的S基因片段构建的重组表达质粒中,既有表达又有活性的有pET-1-112,pET-1-119,pET-1-200,pET-1-292,pET-1-429,pET-6-119,pET-6-200,pET-6-292,pET-6-405;其中pET-6-119表达量最高且活性强;经电洗脱或Ni-NTA亲和层析可获得高纯度的重组蛋白e6-119;纯化的e6-119重组蛋白应用于ELISA检测疑似HFRS和不明原因的发热病人血清IgG,与IFAT比较,其敏感性和特异性分别为94.7%,95.6%。结论pET-6-119表达量高,易于纯化,并且具有良好的抗原性,是一种廉价、安全、可靠的诊断抗原。     

用聚合酶链反应检测肾综合征出血热患者血、尿中汉坦病毒RNA

目的探讨肾综合征出血热患者病毒血症在体内消长过程以及与肾脏损伤关系。方法应用套式逆转录聚合酶链反应对６０例肾综合征出血热患者的１６５份血清、８５份外周血单个核细胞（ＰＢＭＣ）和７９份尿沉渣细胞标本中汉坦病毒ＲＮＡ进行检测。结果发病早期（１～７天）血清、ＰＢＭＣ和尿沉渣细胞中病毒ＲＮＡ的检出率分别为９１３％、１００％和１００％。病程８～１２天时分别为４３９％、７６２％和８１０％。在病程１３～２２天分别降至２６３％、３１８％及６１０％。尿沉渣细胞中病毒ＲＮＡ的检出率与肾脏损伤成正比。结论在肾综合征出血热发病过程中，病毒血症为一急性过程。ＰＢＭＣ携带病毒时间较血中长４～５天，是向血中及靶器官播散病毒的重要途径。肾脏为出血热病毒早期原发性损伤的靶器官。病毒是导致肾综合征出血热病情轻重的重要因素之一。     

Distribution of hantavirus foci in Belgium

During 1999 and 2000, we performed rodent captures on 15 sites all over Belgium to evaluate the presence of hantaviruses in local rodent populations. Viral antibody and RNA detection was performed by ELISA/focus reduction neutralisation test and RT-PCR, respectively. We found hantavirus-positive rodents on 13 out of 15 trapping sites and 3 rodent species were found positive for hantavirus infection. Apart from Puumala virus that was carried by Clethrionomys glareolus, 2 additional rodent species, Microtus arvalis and Apodemus sylvaticus, were found antibody- and/or RNA-positive.     

Genetic properties of medium (M) and small (S) genomic RNA segments of Seoul hantavirus isolated from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Rattus norvegicus</Emphasis> and antigenicity analysis of recombinant nucleocapsid protein

A novel isolate of Seoul (SEO) hantaviruses was detected and identified in Rattus norvegicus in Shandong Province, China and designated as JUN5-14. The partial M segment and the coding region of nucleocapsid protein (NP) in the S segment of JUN5-14 were PCR-amplified and sequenced. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the partial M segment (300 bp) revealed that JUN5-14 isolate was closely related to former SEO isolates in Shandong (97.3–99.0% homology) and non-Shandong SEO viruses (84.1–97.7% homology) but distantly related to other hantaviruses (61.5–75.1% homology). Consistent with the M segment, the coding region of the NP showed 87.5–97.8% and 97.9–99.8% identity with SEO viruses and 55.2–75.8% and 47.2–84.4% homology with other hantaviruses, at nucleotide and amino acid level, respectively. The virus isolate was identified as a member of the subtype 3 (S3) of SEO viruses by phylogenetic trees generated from the nucleotide sequences of the S and M segments. In order to develop a diagnostic assay for hantavirus infection in human, the full-length NP gene of JUN5-14 was expressed in BHK21 cells using the T7 RNA polymerase expression system. The NP expression was confirmed by indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and Western blotting. The expressed NP protein was used as antigen to detect antibody response against NP in patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in an IgG-IFA. Sixteen out of seventeen serum samples showed positive for the presence of anti-NP antibodies, indicating that the recombinant NP (rNP) protein of JUN5-14 was a good antigen for detecting hantavirus infection in human. This work was supported by Key Scientific and Technological Innovative Research Plan of Shandong Province (No. CX02102), China and the Scientific Foundation of Innovative Research Team in Shandong University, China.     

人整合素β3亚基真核表达载体的构建及αIIbα3在细胞表面的表达

目的：构建人整合素β3亚基真核表达载体，并探讨如何使人整合素αIIbβ3在CHO细胞表面有效表达，为进一步研究整合素β3亚基作为汉坦病毒(hantavirus，HV)受体的特异性奠定基础。方法：构建编码人整合素β3真核表达载体pcDNA3．1—β3。将其与编码人整合素αIIb亚基真核表达载体，分别及共转染至中国仓鼠卵巢(China hamster ovary，CHO)细胞中进行表达。采用间接免疫荧光法(IFA)检测外源基因的表达。结果：共转染组目的蛋白呈高效的细胞膜表达。pcDNA3．1—β3单独转染组β3亚基在细胞膜的表达较共转染组弱；而pBJ1—αIIb单独转染组则未见有效的细胞膜表达。结论：人整合素αIIbβ3在CHO细胞表面的有效表达需要两个亚基共同参与。     

A hantavirus causing hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome requires gC1qR/p32 for efficient cell binding and infection

Hantaan virus (HTNV) is a pathogenic hantavirus that causes hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS). HTNV infection is mediated by αvβ3 integrin. We used protein blots of Vero E6 cell homogenates to demonstrate that radiolabeled HTNV virions bind to gC1qR/p32, the acidic 32-kDa protein known as the receptor for the globular head domain of complement C1q. RNAi-mediated suppression of gC1qR/p32 markedly reduced HTNV binding and infection in human lung epithelial A549 cells. Conversely, transient expression of either simian or human gC1qR/p32 rendered non-permissive CHO cells susceptible to HTNV infection. These results suggest an important role for gC1qR/p32 in HTNV infection and pathogenesis.