人乳头状瘤病毒及其相关基因在中耳胆脂瘤中的表达

目的　探讨人乳头状瘤病毒 (humanpapillomavirus ,HPV)感染在中耳胆脂瘤发生发展中的作用。方法　运用共同引物聚合酶链反应 (polymerasechainreaction ,PCR)和核酸分子斑点杂交法对44例 ( 44耳 )中耳胆脂瘤标本组织中的HPVDNA进行检测 ,并结合其中 35例 ( 35耳 )的病理学检查结果进行对比分析。结果　 12耳 ( 34.3 % )中耳胆脂瘤组织中观察到了HPV感染的损害特征 ;用共同引物PCR法及核酸分子斑点杂交法对 44耳中耳胆脂瘤组织标本进行HPVDNA扩增的阳性率分别为2 9 .5 % ( 13 44 )及 2 5 .0 % ( 11 44 ) ;表现有人乳头瘤病毒损害特征的 12耳中耳胆脂瘤组织HPVDNA检测阳性率为 5 8.3% ( 7 12 ) ,而无此损害特征的 2 3耳中耳胆脂瘤组织HPVDNA检测阳性率为 13.0 %( 3 2 3) ,统计学检验差异有显著性 ( χ2 =7.92 6 ,P <0 .0 0 5 )。结论　HPV感染可能激发中耳胆脂瘤上皮的分裂增殖 ,在中耳胆脂瘤发生发展中起一定的作用 ;侵蚀性乳头瘤样生长和空晕细胞改变可以作为中耳胆脂瘤组织中HPV感染的病理学证据     

孕期人乳头状瘤病毒亚临床感染与母婴垂直

目的 :探讨不同孕期人乳头状瘤病毒 ( HPV)亚临床感染及母婴垂直传播情况。方法 :采用 PCR技术检测 3 0例孕早期、 4 2例孕中期、 3 2例孕晚期妇女的宫颈分泌物、母血、绒毛或胎盘、羊水、脐血及新生儿咽部抽吸物标本 HPV- 6、 11、 16、 18型 DNA。结果 :早孕期 :5例宫颈分泌物 HPV阳性 ( 5 /3 0 ) ,7例母血 HPV阳性 ( 7/3 0 ) ,3例绒毛 HPV阳性 ( 3 /3 0 ) ;中孕期 :12例宫颈分泌物 HPV阳性 ( 12 /4 2 ) ,11例母血 HPV阳性 ( 11/4 2 ) ,9例胎盘 HPV阳性 ( 9/4 2 ) ;另 2 2例羊水标本中 ,仅 1例 HPV阳性 ( 1/2 2 ) ;晚孕期 :2 3例宫颈分泌物 HPV阳性( 2 3 /3 2 )、 18例母血 HPV阳性 ( 18/3 2 ) ,12例胎盘 HPV阳性 ( 12 /3 2 ) ;另 3 1例羊水标本中 ,4例 HPV阳性 ( 4 /3 1) ,3 1例脐血标本中 ,12例 HPV阳性 ( 12 /3 1)。分析羊水、脐血与母血 HPV感染的相对危险度高于宫颈分泌物 ,而产时新生儿咽部抽吸物与宫颈分泌物 HPV感染的相对危险度高于母血。结论 :在整个孕期中 ,孕晚期的HPV亚临床感染明显。孕期 HPV亚临床感染的母婴传播不但可经产道直接接触传播 ,还可经羊水、胎盘发生宫内传播 ,其宫内传播率的高低主要与母血 HPV感染相关。新生儿脐血的 HPV感染主要与母血感染相关 ,而产时新生儿咽部的 HPV     

Selective incorporation of111In-labeled PHOTOFRIN™ by glioma tissuein vivo

The use of PHOTOFRIN for photodynamic therapy of human gliomas has been studied by i.v. administration and laser photosensitization. Defining the uptake of PHOTOFRIN in the patient's tumor in comparison with the surrounding normal brain tissue is highly desirable for patient selection and study ofin vivo kinetics. We utilized a non-invasive approach to the detection of PHOTOFRIN uptake in brain tumors with¹¹¹In-oxine radiolabeled PHOTOFRIN and external imaging and quantitation using a gamma camera. Biodistribution of¹¹¹In-labeled PHOTOFRIN in 13 organs was determined in four dogs and 15 mice with gliomas.^99mTc-DTPA was used as a control for nonspecific uptake. The greatest concentration of¹¹¹In-PHOTOFRIN in the brain tumor occurred at 24 hours post i.v. administration. The brain tumor PHOTOFRIN uptake was seven times greater than that of normal brain. The decreased blood background at 72 hours made this the optimum time for imaging. Specific tumor tissue uptake of¹¹¹In-PHOTOFRIN occurred, well beyond that resulting from blood-brain-barrier (BBB) breakdown.     

SEARCH FOR HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS TYPE2（HSV－2）AND HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS（HPV）IN THE NORMAL AND ABNORMAL CERVICAL SAMPLES

ＳＥＡＲＣＨＦＯＲＨＥＲＰＥＳＳＩＭＰＬＥＸＶＩＲＵＳＴＹＰＥ２（ＨＳＶ－２）ＡＮＤＨＵＭＡＮＰＡＰＩＬＬＯＭＡＶＩＲＵＳ（ＨＰＶ）ＩＮＴＨＥＮＯＲＭＡＬＡＮＤＡＢＮＯＲＭＡＬＣＥＲＶＩＣＡＬＳＡＭＰＬＥＳＺｈａｎｇＷｅｉ;张伟;ＪｉｎＳｈｕｎｑｉａ...     

Influence of age and human papillomavirus-infection on reliability of cervical cytopathology

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of age and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection associated cellular changes on the predictive value of cervical cytology. In a group of 671 women with Papanicolaou smears suggesting low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL), high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) or invasive cervical cancer, cervical cytology was correlated with the histological finding. Predictive values were calculated and related to severity of the lesion, age and HPV associated changes. The predictive values of Papanicolaou (cervical) smears suggesting LSIL, HSIL and invasive carcinoma were 40%, 86%, and 78%, respectively. A poor predictive value of smears suggesting LSIL was found among older women. HPV associated changes were diagnosed in 80% of women 25 years of age, 66% in the age group 26 to 35 years, 51% in the age group 36 to 45 years and 38% in women aged 46 years (P = 0.03). The presence of HPV associated cellular changes led to a significantly higher number of overdiagnoses (9% with HPV infection compared to 4% without HPV infection) and HPV negative cases were more frequently associated with underdiagnosis (15% without HPV infection compared to 8% with HPV infection,P = 0.0011). This result remained significant after adjustment for age (P = 0.004). Cellular changes associated with HPV infection most frequently occurred in young women. HPV infection should therefore be acknowledged as source of overdiagnosis in the cytological evaluation of SIL especially in woung women.Supported by the Research Grant of the Mayor of Vienna (no. 1045 [to Dr. Kainz])     

The effects of d-cycloserine and MK-801 on the performance of rats in two spatial learning and memory tasks

The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of modulation of the (NMDA) receptor on learning and memory. Thus, the performance of rats treated with d-cycloserine, a partial agonist at the glycine recognition site of the NMDA receptor complex, and MK-801, a noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist, either alone or concurrently were assessed in radial arm maze and water maze tasks. Administration of MK-801 (0.1 mg/kg, i.p.) impaired acquisition in the water maze (increased escape latency and distance) and working memory in the radial arm maze (increased re-entries) in rats. Moreover, in the radial arm maze, MK-801 disrupted locomotion (increased latencies and decreased arm entries per minute) and impaired the acquisition of reference memory (increased number of errors) performance of rats. d-Cycloserine (0.03, 0.3, 1.0, 3.0, 10 mg/kg, i.p.) had no effects on acquisition or memory performance of control or MK-801-treated rats in either of these tasks. However, d-cycloserine (0.03, 0.3, 3.0 mg/kg) reversed the MK-801-induced disruption in locomotion. Furthermore, 3.0 mg/kg d-cycloserine increased behavioral activity and also decreased the time needed to complete the task in control animals. To conclude, our results suggest that the consequences of NMDA receptor modulation on learning and memory processes and sensorimotor functions may be functionally different or have distinct anatomical locations.     

Ureteral reimplantation en bloc for refluxing duplicated ureters

Vesicoureteric reflux (VUR) is a major problem in completely duplicated ureters. So far, the treatment of choice has been the reimplantation of the two ureters in their common sheath, the ureterocystoneostomy en bloc according to Politano-Leadbetter's or Cohen's procedure. In recent years, some pediatric surgeons and urologists have questioned the efficacy of this method. We therefore analyzed 62 children with 69 duplicated ureters treated en bloc by Politano-Leadbetter's procedure during the 20-year period 1971 – 1990. Postoperative follow-up was up to 16 years. We noted only 1 recurrence of reflux as well as 2 stenoses. Long-term results as far as function was concerned were also favorable in 40 duplicated renal units. Thus, ureteral reimplantation en bloc remains a simple and safe procedure for treating VUR in completely duplicated ureters.     

University Students'' Knowledge and Awareness of HPV

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of university students regarding the human papillomavirus (HPV). METHODS: A random sample of 500 university students was mailed a self-administered questionnaire that elicited their knowledge and awareness about HPV and compared their knowledge and attitudes with those of other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Among the 480 deliverable addresses, 289 students responded (response rate 60%). RESULTS: Only 37% of respondents had ever heard of HPV, and the median score on a 13-item knowledge scale was only 3. Of seven STDs assessed, respondents indicated they knew the least about HPV and perceived that this STD has received the least educational effort. In multivariate analyses, predictors of lower knowledge and awareness about HPV were male gender and sexual behavior (having multiple partners, not using condoms). CONCLUSIONS: Despite the high prevalence of HPV among young adults, most students knew very little about this infection. Implementing HPV educational programs and measuring their effectiveness should be a priority.     

外阴恶性肿瘤63例临床病理及与HPV感染相关性研究

外阴癌居女性生殖系恶性肿瘤第四位,多见于绝经后老年妇女,因位居体表,易于早期发现。但近年临床观察却发现不少年轻和大块癌灶的晚期患者,给治疗带来了一定的困难。为了解近年外阴恶性肿瘤发生发展特点及治疗方法对手术后患者恢复的影响,本研究回顾分析了１９８９年１０月至１９９７年１０月经我院手术治疗的外阴恶性肿瘤６３例,对其临床和病理资料及与ＨＰＶ感染的相关性进行了研究。１　资料及方法１．１　资料来源１９８９年１０月至１９９７年１０月在我科住院手术并经病理检查确诊的外阴恶性肿瘤６３例。临床分期参照ＦＩＧＯ和…     

Enhancement of imipramine-induced rat brain β-adrenoreceptor desensitization by subacute co-administration of trazodone,zimelidine, quipazine or 5-hydroxytryptophan

The present work was undertaken to characterize the role of serotonin in the regulation of -adrenoceptors utilizing isoprenaline-induced water drinking in the rat. For this purpose, a serotonin precursor, 5-hydroxytryptophan (24.3 mg/kg/day, PO), the serotonin neuronal uptake blockers, trazodone (18.5 mg/kg/day, PO), or zimelidine (14.6 mg/kg/day, PO) or a serotonin agonist, quipazine (12.6 mg/kg/day, PO) were administered either alone or in combination with imipramine for a period of 4 days. While none of these drugs alone showed any significant effect in attenuating the effects of isoprenaline-induced water drinking, their co- administration with imipramine did produce a significant reduction in isoprenaline-induced drinking. Simultaneous injection of the serotonin synthesis inhibitor,p-chlorophenylalanine (200 mg/kg/day, IP), has resulted in blockade of this acceleration of desensitization of -adrenoceptors produced by the subacute co-administration of trazodone or quipazine with imipramine. The selective 5HT₂ receptor antagonist ketanserin (4 mg/kg/day/ IP) significantly inhibited the attenuation of the isoprenaline-induced drinking attained by the co-administration of quipazine with imipramine, while methysergide (2 mg/kg/day, IP) which blocks both 5HT₁ and 5HT₂ receptors failed to produce a significant effect on this response. These results indicate that the inhibition of the synaptosomal uptake of serotonin by quipazine seems to be more pertinent than its serotoninergic agonistic effect in the desensitization of central -adrenoceptors in the rat. Thus, it can be concluded that noradrenaline and serotonin are both required for the process of the desensitization of central -adrenoceptor systems by antidepressants.Part of this paper was presented at the International Symposium of Serotonin from Cell Biology to Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Florence (Italy), March 29–April 1989