HLA-A和HLA-B与HLA-DRB1基因低分辨相合的无关供/受者对HLA高分辨水平匹配性分析

位基因6/6相合的样本中,等位基因8/8相合及10/10相合的比例分别为63.2%(48/76)和57.9%(44/76);但其中1～2个HLA-Cw等位基因不相合的比例为36.8%(28/76),且主要为抗原水平不相合.结论 实现HLA-A、HLA-B、HLA-DRB1的高分辨分型数据入库虽有助于提高无关供/受者对与HLA高分辨配型检索的成功率,但HLA-Cw抗原水平的不相合不能被忽视,建议将HLA-Cw基因分型纳入骨髓库骨髓志愿捐献者HLA入库数据的常规检测.     

直接测序法用于四川骨髓库汉族人群HLA-C等位基因分布的研究

目的建立HLA-C等位基因通用引物直接测序法,研究中华骨髓库四川分库(简称四川骨髓库)中川籍汉族人群HLA-C等位基因分布。方法在四川骨髓库已获HLA-A/B/DRB1高分辨分型结果的600余份川籍汉族街头无关自愿捐献者标本中,随机选择244份标本,采用PCR-SBT对HLA-C位点测序分型,通用引物测序后产生的模棱两可分型结果,分别采用加测相应外显子和组特异性测序方法确认;获得所有标本确切的高分结果后,计算HLA-C各等位基因分布频率,并与其他人群比较。结果 244份标本中直接出HLA-C位点高分辨结果的比例为27.87%(68/244),须加测外显子1、5、6和7的为61.07%(149/244),须组特异性测序的为47.54%(116/244);共检出HLA-C等位基因25个,其中等位基因频率>10%的3个:C*01∶02、C*07∶02和C*03∶04,等位基因频率>1%的12个,累计频率95.69%;四川汉族人群HLA-C等位基因的分布与中国南方人群最为接近,与美国高加索人群和黑人的差异最大。另外,发现了1例新等位基因C*06∶45,它与同源性最高的C*06∶02在第187位碱基存在1个点突变:G>T,使密码子39由GAC>TAC,导致编码的氨基酸由天门冬氨酸(Asp)>酪氨酸(Tyr);此位点在此之前尚未发现过碱基突变。结论建立了针对HLA-C基因第2—4外显子的通用引物直接测序法,并提出了模棱两可结果的解决策略,所测标本均获得确切高分结果;四川汉族人群中HLA-C等位基因呈现多样性并存在自身特点。     

Sequencing based typing for HLA-C. Identification of three new alleles: Cw*0307, Cw*0502 and Cw*0504

HLA-C has been described as a transplantation locus in the unrelated bone marrow transplantation setting, and noticeably the number of mismatches between HLA-A,-B,-DRB1 compatible pairs is considerably high. Sequencing based typing (SBT) is an accurate and efficient methodology utilised in the HLA class I and II allele level of resolution. SBT for HLA-C locus was applied on a sample of 40 HLA-A,B,DRB1,DRB3/4/5,DQB1-compatible bone marrow recipient-donor pairs, and 3 new HLA-C alleles have been found. Cw*0307, well defined by serology as Cw3, showed two amino acid changes at the NK motif 77-80 regarding all described Cw*03 alleles, N77K80 instead of S77N80. Two new Cw*05 alleles were described, Cw*0502 properly typed by serology, and Cw*0504 that behaves as a short antigen. Cw*0502 differed from Cw*0501 by only one nucleotide at exon 3, that generated an amino acid replacement at codon 177, K to E. Cw*0504 differs from Cw*0501 by two clustered amino acid positions (114 and 116) placed at the peptide binding site. The rate of new HLA-C alleles found in this small series evidences a high grade of hidden HLA-C diversity in the Spanish population, particularly in the well-defined serologic specificities.     

A new pair of HLA-C alleles, Cw* 12042 and Cw*1203, differing at the KIR-related dimorphism of codons 77–80

Abstract: A previously unknown HLA-C variant of the Cw*12 group was identified by PCR-SSP from genomic DNA of cell NDS-JD. Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence analysis permitted the characterization of the complete coding region of this new allele, Cw*12042. The new variant differs from the recently reported Cw*12041 by two silent changes at exons 2 and 3, and from Cw*1203 by coding changes at codons 77 and 80. Cw*1203 (Ser-Asn) and Cw*12042 (Asn-Lys) constitute the second known example of HLA-C alleles only differing at the KIR-related dimorphism of residues 77–80. The new allele is associated in cell NDS-JD with the haplotype HLA-A*2403, Cw*12042, B*51, DRB1*1502, DRB5*0102, DQB1*0601, possibly related from the evolutionary aspect to the ancestral haplotype A*2402, Cw*1202, B*5201, DRB1*1502, DRB5*0102, DQBl*0601.     

Correlation of HLA-Cw6 Positivity with Clinical Characteristics and Treatment Efficacy in Korean Patients with Psoriasis

BackgroundPsoriasis is a multifactorial, chronic immunological disease, in which a specific allele HLA-Cw6 is associated with various clinical manifestations. However, information regarding this genetic factor in Korean patients with psoriasis remains limited.ObjectiveWe aimed to explore the differences in clinical patterns and treatment responsiveness, depending on the expression of HLA-Cw6, in Korean patients with psoriasis.MethodsWe divided patients into two groups, namely HLA-Cw6-positive and HLA-Cw6-negative, based on the HLA-Cw6 allelic analysis using the single specific primer-polymerase chain reaction method. All clinical information regarding these patients was collected in a retrospective manner. Next, we evaluated the levels of serum Th17-related cytokines in 34 patients diagnosed with psoriasis using a multiplex immunoassay. Finally, we performed immunohistochemical staining of interleukin (IL)-22 and IL-31, as these cytokines showed the maximum differential expression between the HLA-Cw6 positive and negative groups.ResultsHLA-Cw6 positive and negative groups comprised of 13 and 21 patients, respectively. HLA-Cw6-positive group had more chance of having metabolic comorbidities (76.9% for HLA-Cw6-positive group; 28.6% for HLA-Cw6-negative group; p=0.002). Also, HLA-Cw6-positive group showed significantly higher treatment response (38.5% in positive group showed Psoriasis Area and Severity Index 90% improvement compared to 4.8% in the negative group; p=0.012). However, all Th17-related cytokines were not significantly different across the two groups. Furthermore, IL-22 and IL-31 immunohistochemical staining did not correlate with the serum cytokines levels.ConclusionHLA-Cw6 types can be associated with disease severity, comorbidities, and treatment responsiveness in Korean patients with psoriasis.     

广西壮族人群HLA-C基因多态性与神经纤维瘤病Ⅰ型相关性

目的探讨广西壮族人群HLA-C基因多态性与神经纤维瘤病Ⅰ型的相关性。方法选取15例广西壮族神经纤维瘤病Ⅰ型患者作为病例组,45例壮族健康个体为对照组,应用等位基因特异性PCR技术比较2组HLA-C基因多态性有无差异。结果病例组和对照组的C1/C1基因型频率分别为40%与20%,C1/C2基因型频率分别为53%和44%,2组比较均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。病例组和对照组的C2/C2基因型频率分别为7%和36%,C1等位基因频率分别为67%和42%,2组比较均有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论广西壮族神经纤维瘤病Ⅰ型患者HLA的C2/C2基因型和C1等位基因频率高于广西壮族正常人群,而HLA-C2等位基因则较低。     

HLA-C sequence based typing: nucleotide analysis from exon 1 through exon 8. Identification of a new allele: Cw*0718

At present, 128 HLA-Cw alleles have been described. Twenty-four of 128 display critical polymorphisms in contributing to allele identification outside exons 2 and 3. As a matter of fact, complete resolution of Cw*030201, Cw*030202, Cw*0409N, Cw*0501, Cw*0503, Cw*070101, Cw*070102, Cw*070401, Cw*0706, Cw*0711, Cw*0718, Cw*120201, Cw*120202, Cw*150501, Cw*150502, Cw*1701, Cw*1702, Cw*1703, Cw*1801 and Cw*1802 alleles requires nucleotide analysis of exons 1, 4, 5, 6 and 7. Moreover, some alleles (Cw*04010101, Cw*04010102, Cw*07020101 and Cw*07020102) showing nucleotide differences outside the coding regions of HLA-C gene (intron 2) have been reported. High resolution sequence based typing (SBT) developed in this study involves two DNA amplifications and 12 direct sequencing reactions and allows the analysis of HLA-C polymorphisms from exon 1 through exon 8, including intron 2. This typing procedure identifies all 128 Cw alleles described so far. Nevertheless, a number of ambiguous heterozygous typing results may be expected, this being the major drawback of SBT methods. A total of 201 samples were HLA-C typed using SBT strategy here described. The sequence of exons 6, 7 and 8 of HLA-Cw*070102 allele was elucidated. A novel HLA-Cw*07 allele, Cw*0718, was identified in two samples. Cw*0718 differs from the Cw*070101 allele by a unique nucleotide position within exon 6, resulting in an amino acid substitution at codon 324 (Ala-->Val) in the cytoplasmic region of the molecule.     

The role of KIR2DL3/HLA-C*0802 in Brazilian patients with rheumatoid vasculitis

OBJECTIVES:

Rheumatoid arthritis is a polygenically controlled systemic autoimmune disease. Rheumatoid vasculitis is an important extra-articular phenotype of rheumatoid arthritis that can result in deep cutaneous ulcers. The objective of this study was to establish a correlation between the frequency of major histocompatibility complex class I/II alleles and killer immunoglobulin-like receptor genotypes in patients with cutaneous rheumatoid vasculitis.

METHODS:

Using the Scott & Bacon 1984 criteria to diagnose rheumatoid vasculitis and after excluding any other causes such as diabetes, atherosclerosis, adverse drug reactions, infection, and smoking, patients who met the criteria were selected. All of the selected rheumatoid vasculitis patients presented deep cutaneous ulcers. Identification of the major histocompatibility complex class I/II and killer immunoglobulin-like receptor genotypes was performed by polymerase chain reaction assays of samples collected from the 23 rheumatoid vasculitis patients as well as from 80 controls (40 non-rheumatoid vasculitis RA control patients and 40 healthy volunteers).

RESULTS:

An association between the presence of the HLA-DRB1*1402 and HLA-DRB1*0101 alleles and cutaneous lesions in rheumatoid vasculitis patients and a correlation between the inhibitor KIR2DL3 and the HLA-C*0802 ligand in rheumatoid vasculitis patients were found.

CONCLUSION:

An association was found between the presence of the HLA-DRB1*1402 and HLA-DRB1*0101 alleles and the development of cutaneous lesions in rheumatoid vasculitis patients. Additionally, the HLA-C*0802 ligand protects these individuals from developing cutaneous lesions.     

The association of ERAP1 and ERAP2 single nucleotide polymorphisms and their haplotypes with psoriasis vulgaris is dependent on the presence or absence of the HLA-C*06:02 allele and age at disease onset

The aim of this case-control study was to elucidate the role of some single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the ERAP1 (rs27524, rs27044, rs30187, rs2287987 and rs26653) and ERAP2 (rs2248374) genes in predicting the risk for psoriasis vulgaris in the Polish population. ERAP1, ERAP2 and HLA-C*06:02 typing was done using the TaqMan SNP genotyping assays. We confirmed a strong association of the HLA-C*06:02 allele with early-onset psoriasis. In ERAP1, rs30187T increased the risk of psoriasis in HLA-C*06:02-positive patients, most strongly in late onset psoriasis, whereas it was protective when the HLA-C*06:02 allele was absent. We also found a protective effect of the ERAP2 rs2248374A allele and rs2248374AA genotype only in HLA-C*06:02 carriers, especially in the subgroup of patients with juvenile psoriasis. Analysis of combined haplotypes for ERAP1 and ERAP2 also revealed differences when the patients and controls were stratified by HLA-C*06:02. An ERAP1 haplotype known to possess high enzymatic activity was associated with psoriasis if HLA-C*06:02 was present and a functional ERAP2 allele was absent. In the absence of HLA-C*06:02, an ERAP1 haplotype of low activity was conducive to psoriasis if a functional ERAP2 allele was present, but the same ERAP1 haplotype was protective if the ERAP2 allele was defective.     

Genetic polymorphisms in the keratin-like S gene within the human major histocompatibility complex and association analysis on the susceptibility to psoriasis vulgaris

Psoriasis vulgaris is associated with the HLA-Cw6 and Cw7 antigens. However, it has not yet been clarified if the HLA-Cw6 and Cw7 genes themselves are the susceptible gene related to this disease or if it is some other non-HLA gene in a linkage disequilibrium with these HLA-C alleles. The S gene, recently identified in the HLA class I region 160 kb telomeric of HLA-C, encodes a keratin-like protein and is expressed specifically in the granular layer of the epidermis. Therefore, it is tempting to speculate that the S gene is one of the strong candidate genes responsible for the pathogenesis of psoriasis vulgaris. Direct sequencing of the first and second exon of the S gene after polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification has allowed the identification of two diallelic polymorphic sites in exon 1 and seven diallelic polymorphic sites in exon 2, three among which result in amino acid exchanges, a Ser-Phe substitution at amino acid position 186, a Gly-Val substitution at position 393 and a Ser-Leu substitution at position 394. No significant difference in the dimorphic distributions of the S gene was observed between the patients with psoriasis vulgaris and healthy controls, suggesting that the susceptible gene for psoriasis is not the S gene itself.