前列腺癌患者外周血中前列腺特异抗原,前列腺特异膜抗原和人腺体激肽释放酶mRNA的表达及临床意义

目的:采用巢式RT-PCR方法,检测前列腺癌合并骨转移的患者外周血中前列腺特异抗原(PSA)、前列腺特异膜抗原(PSMA)和人腺体激肽释放酶mRNA的表达,探讨其临床意义.方法:应用巢式RT-PCR的方法,检测外周血中PSA、PSMA和hK2mRNA表达.结果:巢式PCR能够检测到经淋巴细胞稀释的LNCaP细胞的PSA、PSM和hK2mRNA的灵敏度,稀释浓度分别为10-6、10-6及10-7.检测初发伴骨转移的前列腺癌患者外周血PSA、PSMA和hK2mRNA的阳性率分别为59.45%、51.35%、59.46%,其中三种检测同时阳性的为32.43%;检测接受内分泌治疗后出现骨转移的前列腺癌患者的阳性率分别为57.14%、85.71%、83.33%,其中三种检测同时阳性的为52.48%.局限性前列腺癌患者、健康男性及健康女性的检测结果均为阴性.以β-actin mRNA做为内参照,所有临床标本检测均为阳性.结论:采用巢式RT-PCR检测前列腺癌患者外周血PSMA、hK2和PSA mRNA有助于发现进入循环系统的前列腺癌细胞,提示隐匿性转移的存在.PSMA和hK2较适合用于内分泌治疗后患者的检测.三种指标联合检测有助于提高敏感性.     

Synthesis of 14C‐labeled piperidines and application to synthesis of [14C]SCH 351125, a CCR5 receptor antagonist

1‐Benzyl‐4‐hydroxy[2‐¹⁴C]piperidine, a useful intermediate in labeled compound synthesis, was prepared from [¹⁴C]formaldehyde in high yield. The distribution pattern of ¹⁴C in the product is consistent with a mechanism involving reversible iminium ion formation and rapid equilibration of the iminium ion through a cationic aza‐Cope rearrangement. These steps precede the rate‐determining intramolecular cyclization step. SCH 351125 is a potent, selective CCR5 receptor antagonist with potential as a treatment for HIV infection. [¹⁴C]SCH 351125, required for metabolism studies, was prepared from 1‐benzyl‐4‐hydroxy[2‐¹⁴C]piperidine in six steps. [¹⁴C]SCH 351125 is a mixture of four atropisomers. Preparation of [¹⁴C]SCH 351125 besylate salt of the desired atropisomer pair is also described. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

1993年云南省瑞丽等地吸毒者艾滋病病毒感染定群研究

１９９３年３月对已建立一年的吸毒者定群研究现场──云南省德宏州瑞丽市、陇川县及潞西县再次进行调查。本次调查７５５例吸毒者及１０２例配偶。从１９９２年进入定群研究ＨＩＶ阴性的８９例静脉吸毒者中，１９９３年又采到血样有５４例，其中９例血清转阳。瑞丽市、陇川县及潞西县１９９２年和１９９３年静注者血清阳转率（／百观察人年）分别为４３．２％及４０．０％，１２．２％及１２．２％，０％及０％。１９９３年新进入定群研究的１１６例静注者中，采集到血样的有１０４例，发现ＨＩＶ阳性３８例。上述三市县１９９２年及１９９３年入定群研究的静注者的ＨＩＶ感染率分别为８１．８％及８５．７％，４４．６％及４０．０％，５．１％及０％。可以看出血清阳转率的高低与ＨＩＶ感染率高低相吻合。ＨＩＶ阳性者的配偶１９９０、１９９２及１９９３年的ＨＩＶ感染率分别为３．１％、９．８％和７．４％，有上升趋势。潞西县ＨＩＶ阳性者少，静脉注射出现时间晚，但近年来静脉吸毒者比例上升快，值得注意。     

血清TPS浓度在消化道肿瘤中价值的研究

共选择３０例消化道肿瘤病人，其中食管癌，胃癌，大肠癌各１０例，设健康献血者３０例，对两组血清特异型组织多肽抗原浓度进行了检测，结果肿瘤组血清ＴＰＳ浓度明显高于健康人。消化道肿瘤阳性检出经达７０％，其中食管癌８０％，胃癌６０％，大肠癌７０％。消化道肿瘤合并淋巴转移阳性检出率达７６．９％，其中食管癌１００％，胃癌６６．７％，大肠癌７０．０％。随着病程发展，血清ＴＰＳ浓度呈现升高趋势。     

人抗HBsAg噬菌体抗体Fab段基因的序列分析及表达

对已建的噬菌体抗体库分离出来的人抗－ＨＢｓ克隆进行了序列分析和表达研究，发现４个克隆中３个克隆的重链和轻链完全相同，ＤＮＡ序列分析表明ＶＨ分别属于ＶＨ１亚群和Ⅱ亚群，其轻链ＶＬ分别属于ＶλⅡ亚群和ＶλⅠ亚群。构建了可溶性Ｆａｂ段表达载体，显示出在细菌中表达的Ｆａｂ段抗体与ＨＢｓＡｇ特异性结合，这说明所筛选出来的噬菌体抗体具有ＨＢdisplay status     

Ultrastructural localization of blood group antigen A in normal and neoplastic urothelium

The subcellular distribution of the blood group antigen A in the transitional epithelium of the urinary tract and its neoplastic growths was studied using transmission immuno-electronmicroscopy. Sixty-five tissue specimens from 50 blood group A1 patients were processed according to an immunogold procedure which was optimized for preservation of both antigen and ultrastructure. The reactions were stronger in the glycocalyx of the luminal surfaces and at the interdigitating cytoplasmic processes of the cells. In the intracellular compartment the reactions were associated with tubulovesicular membrane-bound structures and with the Golgi complexes. Secretory products, intra- or extra-cellular, were also positive. The greatest variability was noted in the cell surface reactions, which were positive in 88% of normal but only 41% of neoplastic urothelial specimens. An inverse correlation was found between malignant behaviour and cell surface, but not intracellular, reactions. We conclude that, in transitional cell carcinomas, there is a quantitative defect in the processing of substance A which affects predominantly the cell surface component and may involve either the transport-insertion steps, the plasma membrane-associated glycosyltransferases or internalization of blood group antigen A.     

农村居民艾滋病防治知识及高危行为调查研究

目的　通过对农村居民艾滋病 (AIDS)防治知识及高危行为的研究 ,为制定AIDS预防控制措施提供依据。方法　运用横断面调查研究方法 ,通过两阶段人群抽样对其AIDS防治知识及相关行为进行研究。结果　调查对象听说过AIDS的为 6 1.78% ;答对 0～ 3题为 5 6 .91% ,4～ 9题为 38.4 8% ,10～ 13题为 4 .5 5 % ;认为不可能感染艾滋病病毒的为 5 6 .94 % ,不清楚的为 38.38% ,有可能的为 4 .6 8%。 12人有卖血史 ,15人有性病史 ,在有性行为的 886人中 ,7.6 7%有过 1个以上多性伴。结论　农村居民AIDS知识匮乏 ,存在着相关危险行为。所以 ,我省预防AIDS的策略主要是开展健康教育积极推进健康促进 ,改善危险行为 ,提倡安全性行为和推广安全套的使用     

Rate of PSA rise predicts metastatic versus local recurrence after definitive radiotherapy

: A rising prostate specific antigen (PSA) following treatment for adenocarcinoma of the prostate indicates eventual clinical failure, but the rate of rise can be quite different from patient to patient, as can the pattern of clinical failure. We sought to determine whether the rate of PSA rise could differentiate future local versus metastatistic failure.

: Two thousand six hundred sixty-seven PSA values from 400 patients treated with radiotherapy for localized adenocarcinoma of the prostate were analyzed with respect to PSA patterns and clinical outcome. Patients had received no hormonal therapy or prostate surgey and had ?4 PSA values post-treatment PSA rate of rise, determined by the slope of the natural log, was classified as gradual (< 0.69 log (ng/ml)/year, or doubling time (DT) > 1 year), moderate (0.69-1.4 log (ng/ml)/year, or DT 6 months-1 year), or rapid [>1.4 log (ng/ml)/year, or DT < 6 months].

: SIxty-one percent of patients had non-rising PSA following treatment; 25% of patients with rising PSA developed clinical failure, and 93% of patients with clinical failure had rising PSA. The rate of rise discerned different clinical failure patterns. Local failure occurred in 23% of patients with moderate rate of rise versus 7% with gradual rise (p = 0.0001). Metastatic disease developed in 46% of those with rapid versus 8% with moderate rise (p < 0.0001). By multivariate analysis, in addition to rate of rise, PSA nadir and rate of decline predicted local failure; those with post-treatment nadir of 1–4 ng/ml were five times more likely to experience local failure than nadir < 1 ng/ml (p = 0.0002). Rapid rate of rise was the most significant independent predictor of metastastic failure.

: The rate of PSA rise following definitive radiotherapy can predict clinical failure patterns, with a rapidly rising PSA indicating metastatic recurrence and moderately rising PSA local recurrence. This information could potentially dirent therapy; if the rise predicts metastatic failure hormonal therapy could be cosidereed, while aggressive salvage therapy may benefit subclinical local recurrence identified by a moderate rate of PSA rise.