观察COPD患者肺分流测定的临床意义

目的：观察慢性肺心病急性发作期患者的肺内分流率（Ｑｓ／Ｑｔ）的变化。方法：用２１００型肺功能仪作为减压装置，让患者吸入纯氧２０ｍｉｎ后，使用血气分析仪进行吸氧前后血气分析，并计算Ｑｓ／Ｑｔ值。结果：３１例患者中，仅２例Ｑｓ／Ｑｔ正常，２９例均增高。并以Ｑｓ／Ｑｔ为应变量，ＰａＯ２、ＰａＣＯ２及ＳａＯ２为自变量，进行逐步回归，得出方程式。结论：低氧血症患者测定Ｑｓ／Ｑｔ，结合不同病因，有利于参估和选择合理的给氧方式，包括吸氧浓度。     

内皮超极化因子的研究进展

内皮超极化因子（EDHF）是由内皮释放的NO和PGI_2以外的另一种舒张因子,它通过使平滑肌细胞膜超极化而舒张血管,是内皮依赖性血管松驰的第3种重要机制。EDHF可能是花生四烯酸的细胞色素P450代谢产物EET-s,乙酰胆碱、缓激肽等激动剂作用于内皮细胞,使细胞内游离钙浓度升高,合成和（或）释放EDHF,作用于平滑肌细胞膜,激活钙依赖性钾通道,使细胞膜超极化,抑制电压依赖性钙通道的开放,引起血管松弛。在大血管中NO-cGMP松弛机制可能占主导地位,并且抑制EDHF生成;而在阻力小血管,EDHF则可能是引起血管松弛的主要因素。     

Significance of antibodies to the recombinant E2 protein of hepatitis G virus in haemodialysis patients

Patients on maintenance haemodialysis represent a high-risk group for parenterally transmitted viral infections, such as hepatitis B, C and G. In addition to hepatitis G virus (HGV) (GBV-C) RNA, analysed in previous studies, we characterized the seroprevalence rates of antibodies to the putative E2 protein (anti-E2) of HGV in a German cohort of patients on maintenance dialysis ( n = 72) in comparison to healthy blood donors ( n = 100). The presence of anti-E2 and/or HGV RNA as indicators of present or past HGV infection could be demonstrated in 34.7% of patients and in 16% of the blood donors ( P < 0.01). The infection rates with HGV seem to increase only during the first 6 years of haemodialysis. The simultaneous presence of viraemia and anti-E2 was found very rarely in patients and controls. Therefore, the emergence of anti-E2 indicates clearance of HGV viraemia. In conclusion, patients on haemodialysis are at high risk of acquiring HGV infection, but a chronic carrier state with viraemia is rare. The risk of infection is not strictly correlated with the duration of dialysis.     

Effects of acetylsalicylic acid on electromechanical activity ofin vivo rabbit ileum

Aspirin has antisecretory and ulcerogenic properties in the gastrointestinal tract. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) on the electrical and mechanical activity of the ileum in anesthetized New Zealand White rabbits. Ileal electromechanical activity was recorded from serosal electrodes and a miniature intraluminal balloon. Thirty minutes after injection of ASA (30, 60 and 100 mg/kg intravenous) significant and dose-dependent increases in the percentage of slow waves with action potentials were observed when compared with saline-injected animals. The onset of action potentials correlated with phasic increases in intraluminal pressure, indicating the onset of circular muscle contractions. Injection of 15 mg/kg ASA, sodium salicylate (100 mg/kg intravenous) or saline had no effect on baseline action potential activity. Prostaglandin E ₂ (PGE ₂)(5 and 10 g/kg intravenous) significantly increased slow-wave frequency and decreased ASA-induced action potential activity. This study demonstrates that (1) ASA, but not sodium salicylate, stimulates phasic ileal action potential and contractile activity and (2) in ASA-treated animals, PGE ₂ produces differential effects on in vivoslow-wave frequency and action potential activity.     

Veränderungen in der Menge des Prostaglandins F2 alpha bei Schnittwunden der Haut mit verschiedener Zeitdauer ihres Bestehens

Zusammenfassung Beschrieben wird eine radioimmunologische Methode zum Nachweis der Prostaglandin F_{2 alpha}-Menge in Schnittwunden der Haut von Meerschweinchen. Bei zu Lebzeiten zugefügten Hautverletzungen finden sich schnell ansteigende Prostaglandin F_{2 alpha}-Mengen, die 1 Stunde nach der Verletzung bis 71 ng/g erreichen. Nach der Tötung der Tiere sinken die konstatierten Mengen in zu Lebzeiten gesetzten Wunden allmählich ab und erreichen in der 6. Std nach dem Tode 17 ng/g. In postmortal zugefügten Verletzungen, die spätestens bis zur 8. Std nach dem Tode gesetzt wurden, findet man eine Menge des untersuchten Prostaglandins in Höhe von etwa 14–18 ng/g. In späteren postmortalen Wunden beträgt die Menge dieses Prostaglandins etwa 9–10 ng/g. Die Unterschiede erlauben es, die Untersuchung des Prostaglandins F_{2 alpha} zum Beweis dafür anzuwenden, ob eine Hautwunde zu Lebzeiten zugefügt wurde und wieviel Zeit danach vergangen ist.     

ABH- und Lewis-Antigene der Trachealdrüsen

Zusammenfassung In 23 Sektionsfällen, bei denen am Leichenblut der erythrocytäre Typ Le (a–b–) festgestellt worden war, wurden an paraffineingebetteten Trachealwandproben immunhistochemische Studien durchgeführt. Die Antigendarstellungen erfolgten nach der indirekten Immunperoxidasemethode mit monoklonalen Antikörpern gegen Le^a, Le^b, A und B als primären Antikörpern; das H-Antigen wurde mit UEA 1 dargestellt. Das Markierungsverhalten der mukösen Drüsen für die ABH-Antigene erlaubte eine eindeutige Differenzierung zwischen Sekretoren und Nonsekretoren. Das Lewis-Markierungsverhalten war in 11 Fällen mit demjenigen Lewis-positiver Individuen identisch. Statistische Betrachtungen legen nahe, daß es sich bei dieser Gruppe tatsächlich um Lewis-positive Individuen handelt, deren erythrocytäre Lewis-Merkmale im gealterten Leichenblut nicht erfaßt wurden. Die übrigen 12 Fälle zeigten ein völlig anderes immunhistochemisches Bild: a) Die Sekretoren (n=9) waren für Le^a vollständig negativ; Le^b war in einem Falle nicht, in den übrigen Fällen innerhalb muköser Epithelien in minimaler Quantität und atypischer, granulärer Verteilung nachweisbar. b) Nonsekretoren (n=3) wiesen umgekehrt bei völliger Negativität für Le^b abortive Markierungen für Le^a auf. Diese Beobachtungen, die mit bekannten serologischen Befunden an den Sekreten gut übereinstimmen, sprechen dafür, daß auch in Abwesenheit des Le-Gens in geringer Menge Lewis-Antigene synthetisiert und sezerniert werden können: Möglicherweise kodiert das Allel le eine -4-l-Fucosyltransferase geringer Effizienz.     

一个新的可逆性胆硷酯酶抑制剂——二甲氨基甲酸-3-叔丁基-4-〔2-(1-哌啶基)乙氧基〕苯酯

本文报告了我所自己合成的可逆性胆硷酯酶抑制剂——二甲氨基甲酸-3-叔丁基-4-〔2-(1-哌啶基)乙氧基〕苯酯(代号"8294")与生理对抗剂或胆硷酯酶重活化剂伍用,对不同神经性毒剂中毒的预防效价、安全系数、有效时间以及与催醒宁("705")比较等所进行的观察.结果显示,"8294"比"705"的毒性小,安全系数大,效价高,有效时间长.     

Laser welded vascular anastomosis

Summary A comparative study was undertaken to investigate the application of a specially adapted microsurgical Neodymium Yag Laser system with a wavelength of 1,319 m and a CO₂ laser system for laser assisted microvascular end-to-end anastomosis (LAMA) of the rat femoral artery. Conventionally sutured anastomoses served as controls. Postoperative investigations included patency tests, light microscopy and tensile strength measurements. Both laser systems seem to be equally suitable for LAMA: The patency rates do not differ from those of sutured anstomoses and formation of microscopically small aneurysms occurred predominantly in control animals and only once in laser groups. The clamp time needed for LAMA was half the time that was needed for sutured anastomoses. Wound healing in all groups was similar with less fibrotic reactions and less foreign body granulomas in laser groups. At all intervals tensile strength was significantly higher for sutured anastomoses while differences between the CO₂- and the ND: Yag-laser groups were not statistically significant. Potential applications in urology include microvascular anastomoses in erectile dysfunction, pediatric and reconstructive urology.Contains parts of a dissertation     

A study on OX39, a murine anti-rat interleukin 2 receptor antibody

OX39, a murine IgG1 monoclonal antibody (MoAb) that recognizes the 55 kDa alpha chain of the rat interleukin 2 receptor (R-IL2), was studied in vitro for its ability to interfere with IL2 binding and IL2-induced proliferation on rat concanavalin A (ConA) blasts and in vivo in a model of rat heart allografts. In vitro studies indicated that OX39 MoAb interacts with a single class of sites on the alpha chain of the rat R-IL2 with a high affinity (K_D=0.8 nm) and competes with IL2 binding on this chain (K_I=0.53 nm). In contrast, OX39 MoAb was found to be 10–20 times less efficient in competing with IL2 binding to the high-affinity R-IL2 (K_I10 nm). It is proposed that the epitope recognized by OX39 on the alpha chain (low-affinity R-IL2) is modified on (or buried in) the high-affinity R-IL2 configuration. Accordingly, OX39 was found to be a weak inhibitor in vitro on IL2-induced proliferation and in vivo on allograft rejection. Allograft survival was unaffected by doses of OX39 of 20 and 50 g/rat for 9 days; only a borderline effect was noted when doses as high as 250 g/rat were used. A significant, but restricted, effect of OX39 could be further detected when combined with low doses of cyclosporine A (1.5 mg/kg), which were ineffective by themselves. Together, our data suggest that in order to be efficient in vivo, anti-R-IL2 MoAbs must bind with high affinity to epitopes involved in the high-affinity IL2 binding site.     

龙芽楤木总甙对前列腺素及环核苷酸的影响

用龙芽楤木总甙的生理盐水溶液给小鼠ip,连续7d。实验证明:龙芽楤木总甙能显著刺激前列腺素E_2和F_(2a)的合成,诱导cAMP含量明显增加,cGMP含量明显下降。对组织胺释放无影响,从而为在分子水平探讨该药作用机理提供了依据。